腹腔镜下对胆囊三角区结构变异的处理

目的：总结腹腔镜下处理胆囊三角区结构变异的方法及体会。方法：回顾性分析近1年我院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)，术中所见的96例胆囊三角结构区变异的情况及处理方法。结果：全组完成LC89例，中转7例。中转者包括Mifizzi综合征Ⅰ型1例；Ⅱ型2例；胆囊管与胆总管汇入过低者1例；胆囊管开口于胆总管后壁1例；胆囊管与左右肝管共同汇入胆总管1例；胆囊管与胆总管共用一侧壁，并行约2cm1例。结论：重视胆囊三角区结构变异的处理，有助于提高LC的成功率，减少LC并发症。但对结构辨不清或分离极为困难的病例，应果断中转开腹。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术863例治疗体会

目的总结基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验体会。方法回顾性分析几年来笔者所在医院施行的863例LC手术的情况及处理方法。结果全组完成LC手术855例,中转开腹8例,中转原因为:胆囊三角区呈冰冻样改变3例,Mirizzi综合征2例,术中出血不能控制2例,术中胆总管损伤1例。LC术后严重并发症2例而再次手术。结论严格掌握手术适应证,术中操作细致,重视胆囊三角区结构变异的处理,可以有效地提高LC的成功率,减少并发症的发生。对结构不清、致密粘连而分离极为困难以及术中出血、损伤难以处理的病例应果断中转开腹。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术几种变异的辨别与处理

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)几种变异的辨别和处理方法。方法:查阅相关文献资料,了解LC术中可能遇到的解剖变异。总结本院在LC术中对几种变异的处理方法。结果:本院11500例LC,发现1例胆囊管低位汇合,中转开腹完成手术;9603例LC,迷走胆管损伤引起术后胆漏5例,均经再手术治愈;11500例LC,发生肝中静脉及其属支损伤5例,4例腹腔镜下止血成功,1例中转开腹止血成功;11500例LC,发现胆囊动脉损伤止血2例,均在腹腔镜下止血成功。结论:正确辨认LC术中常见的变异,对提高LC成功率,减少LC的并发症发生,减轻患者痛苦有重要的临床意义。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术困难因素及其处理

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术中困难因素及其处理方法.方法 回顾分析我院2005年7月～2010年7月203例困难LC的临床资料,总结LC术中造成操作困难的原因及其处理方法,包括胆囊周围及胆囊三角区致密粘连,解剖困难97例;胆囊急性炎症81例;胆囊萎缩15例;胆囊炎伴肝硬化10例;上腹部手术史13例.探讨减少中转开腹率及手术相关并发症的方法和技巧.结果 194例完成腹腔镜手术,9例中转开腹,原因包括胆囊与周围空腔脏器紧密粘连无法暴露胆囊5例;胆囊三角致密粘连,分离时出血,视野不清,止血困难2例;肝硬化合并胆囊结石术中出血1例;胆囊管胆总管汇合部胆漏1例.结论 困难LC,通过提高手术技巧,采用顺逆结合、解剖紧贴胆囊壁、严密止血、必要时可行保留胆囊后壁的胆囊大部切除等方法,可以提高LC手术成功率.     

困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术体会

目的总结困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的手术方法、手术技巧以及术后处理。方法对我院2007年2月至2012年6月收治的153例困难腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果困难LC术成功率为96.7%,5例中转开腹,其中胆囊十二指肠瘘2例,胆囊结肠瘘1例,胆囊十二指肠瘘合并胆囊横结肠瘘1例,变异肝外胆管1例(术中利用胆道造影,明确变异肝外胆管,行肝外胆管胆总管吻合+T管引流),所有病例均痊愈出院。结论多数困难LC术能顺利完成,对情况比较复杂者应立即中转开腹治疗。困难LC术中应谨慎操作,手术技巧和术后处理在整个治疗中至关重要。     

选择性应用术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的价值

目的:探讨在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管胆道造影的价值.方法:分析56例因慢性结石性胆囊炎、急性结石性胆囊炎、胆源性胰腺炎行LC患者,在术中经胆囊管插管行胆道造影的结果.结果:56例LC术中胆道造影,插管成功54例,成功率为96.4%,54例均显影满意,显影率100%.术中造影发现胆总管结石5例,2例经中转开腹胆总管切开探查证实,3例行腹腔镜胆总管切开探查、胆道镜检查证实;发现胆道变异2例.4例因术中胆囊三角解剖结构不清楚,无法分清胆囊管和胆总管而行术中胆道造影.造影平均时间为(15.5±3.7)min.无并发症发生.结论:LC术中胆道造影操作简便安全,显影清晰,成功率高,能发现术前未能发现的胆总管结石、胆囊管结石及胆道解剖变异,能有效地降低胆道残余结石和胆管损伤的发生率,及时发现胆道损伤,提高LC手术的质量和安全性.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术难点及处理要点

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)术中操作难点其处理要点。方法:总结86例困难LC临床资料,其中胆囊炎急性发作,胆囊与周围组织粘连48例;胆囊慢性炎性反应反复发作,胆囊三角无解剖层次24例;萎缩性胆囊炎14例。结果:82例完成腹腔镜胆囊切除,4例中转开腹,中转原因为:急性胆囊炎,胆囊与周围组织粘连致密,无法显露胆囊1例;胆囊三角区出血,止血困难1例;胆囊三角区纤维化,解剖困难2例。结论:通过提高LC手术技巧,运用顺逆结合、紧贴胆囊壁解剖,彻底止血,必要时行胆囊大部切除等方法,提高LC手术成功率。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的原因及处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中胆管损伤(Bile duct injury,BDI)原因及处理方法。方法1996年~2004年2854例腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中有11例胆管损伤,其中解剖病理因素7例,操作因素4例。损伤部位:胆总管6例,肝总管4例,右肝管1例。结果9例经中转开腹,8例行胆管修补加T管支撑,1例行胆总管空肠吻合术加支撑。LC术后因出现胆汁性腹膜炎再手术发现胆管损伤2例,其中胆总管及肝总管损伤各1例,1例行胆管修补加T管支撑,1例行胆管端端吻合术加T管支撑。结论掌握好中转开腹时机是避免LC胆管损伤的重要环节。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤9例原因分析

目的总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中胆管损伤的防治经验。方法回顾性分析1402例LC中9例(0.63%)胆管损伤的发生原因和处理方法,提出预防该并发症的体会。结果9例胆管损伤中,3例胆总管完全横断;1例左右肝管完全横断;1例右肝管部分断裂;2例胆总管穿孔;1例钛夹夹闭胆囊动脉时误夹右肝管致其不完全梗阻;1例胆囊管上钛夹时误刺胆总管,术中未发现。分别行胆/肝总管或右肝管对端吻合术、胆肠吻合术、胆总管穿孔修补术及胆总管引流术,除1例因并发呼吸窘迫综合征死亡,其他均康复。结论强调熟练解剖Calot三角,恰当掌握LC的适应证,提高胆囊管分离技术,警惕胆管畸形变异,必要时放置肝下间隙引流管及果断决定中转开腹等,可有效减少LC胆管损伤的发生率。     

Mirizzi综合征的诊断和腹腔镜胆囊切除术14例临床体会

目的探讨Mirizzi综合征的诊断和腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）术中处理方法。方法回顾性分析2002年1月～2009年2月965例LC中14例Mirizzi综合征患者的临床资料。结果18例中Ⅰ型12例,11例施行LC术,1例中转开腹;Ⅰ型4例,3例施行LC术,行胆囊大部分切除术、瘘口修补术、胆总管切开T管引流术,1例中转开腹;Ⅲ型2例均中转开腹,所有病例均痊愈。无胆瘘病例,无胆管狭窄并发症发生。结论B超是首选的检查方法．ERCP、MRCP能提高术前诊断率,腹腔镜能安全处理大部分Ⅰ型Mirizzi综合征和部分Ⅱ型Mirizzi综合征病例。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.