烧伤脓毒血症患者血清降钙素原和血浆凝溶胶蛋白水平的变化及意义

目的 探讨烧伤脓毒血症患者血清降钙素原（PCT）和血浆凝溶胶蛋白（GSN）水平的变化及意义。方法 选取2008年2月至2013年3月恩施州中心医院烧伤整形科118例严重烧伤患者,分为烧伤脓毒血症组（n=51）和烧伤非脓毒血症组（n=67）,选取健康者45例作为对照组,烧伤脓毒血症组患者根据预后,分为死亡组（n=18）和存活组（n=33）。分别于患者入院当天（T₁）、第2天（T₂）、第4天（T₃）、第7天（T₄）和第14天（T₅）,以及对照组体检当天,利用全自动免疫分析仪检测PCT水平,利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA法）检测血浆中GSN含量,利用logistic回归分析血清PCT和血浆GSN水平对患者预后的影响。结果 烧伤脓毒血症组患者T_1-4时血清PCT水平均高于烧伤非脓毒血症组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;烧伤脓毒血症组患者T_2-5时血浆GSN水平均低于烧伤非脓毒血症组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;烧伤脓毒血症组患者T_1-5时血浆GSN水平均低于烧伤非脓毒血症组和对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;死亡组患者T_1-5时血清PCT水平均高于存活组,而T_1-5时血浆GSN水平均低于存活组,差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;Spearman相关分析显示,烧伤脓毒血症组患者血清PCT总体水平与患者预后呈正相关（r=0.437,P < 0.05）,而血浆GSN水平与患者预后呈负相关（r=-0.518,P < 0.05）;logistic回归分析显示,血清PCT总体平均值和血浆GSN总体平均值均是影响患者预后的独立危险因素（P < 0.05）。结论 烧伤脓毒血症患者血清PCT和血浆GSN水平随病情变化而动态改变,PCT总体水平与患者预后呈正相关,而血浆GSN水平与患者预后呈负相关,可作为早期预测患者病情及预后的指标。     

维持性血液透析患者的血清肝细胞生长因子与蛋白质-能量消耗的相关性研究

目的 探究维持性血液透析的终末期肾病（ESRD）患者的血清肝细胞生长因子（hepatocyte growth factor,HGF）水平与蛋白质-能量消耗（protein-energy wasting,PEW）的相关性。方法 入选2013年1月~2015年12月在笔者医院血液透析中心进行血液透析的符合纳入标准和排除标准的ESRD患者128例。应用主观全面营养评估法（SGA）对患者的营养状况进行评分,根据评分将患者分为A （营养良好）、B （轻-中度营养不良）、C （重度营养不良）三组。采用ELISA法检测并比较各组患者透析前血清HGF的水平。应用Pearson相关分析法分析血清HGF水平与患者SGA评分、年龄、性别、病程、透析时间、血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、肌酐、尿素氮、体重指数及上臂肌围等的相关性。应用Logistic多因素回归法分析血清HGF是否是ESRD患者发生PEW的独立影响因素。结果 （B+C）组、B组、C组患者的血清HGF的平均水平均明显高于A组患者（P<0.01）,且C组患者的血清HGF的平均水平明显高于B组患者（P<0.01）;患者血清HGF水平与患者SGA评分呈负相关（r=-0.8791,P<0.01）。B、C两组患者的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白的水平以及体重指数、上臂肌围与A组相比均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析结果显示,血清HGF与与患者的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白水平以及体重指数、上臂肌围呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。Logistic多因素回归分析结果显示,血清HGF水平（OR=2.143,95% CI：2.096~2.193,P=0.004）和上臂肌围（OR=0.032,95% CI：0.015~0.164,P=0.012）是维持性血液透析ESRD患者发生PEW的独立影响因素。结论 维持性血液透析的ESRD患者发生蛋白质-能量消耗时血清HGF水平增加,血清HGF可能成为判断维持性血液透析的ESRD患者发生蛋白质-能量消耗的指标之一。     

72例克罗恩病患者中血清同型半胱氨酸、叶酸和维生素B12水平分析

目的 探讨血清同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）、叶酸和维生素B₁₂水平与克罗恩病（Crohn''s disease,CD）的关系。方法 收集72例CD患者和128名性别、年龄相匹配的健康对照者,采用简化克罗恩病活动指数（CDAI）评估CD疾病活动度。采用循环酶法检测Hcy水平,化学发光免疫法检测叶酸和维生素B₁₂水平。采用Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归分析探讨CD组中Hcy水平与CDAI评分及叶酸、维生素B₁₂、白蛋白等血清学指标的关系。最后采用Logistic回归分析评估CD的独立危险因素。结果 与对照组相比较,CD组中Hcy平均水平显著增高（P=0.002）,而叶酸和维生素B₁₂平均水平显著降低（P均=0.000）。CD组中高同型半胱氨酸血症（>15.0μmol/L）、叶酸缺乏（<4.0ng/ml）和维生素B₁₂缺乏（<203.0pg/ml）比例均显著高于对照组（P均<0.01）。与缓解期患者（CDAI<5）比较,活动期CD患者（CDAI≥5）中Hcy平均水平显著增高（P=0.001）,而叶酸和维生素B₁₂平均水平显著降低（P均=0.000）。经性别、年龄因素校正后,多元线性回归分析显示CD组中Hcy水平与叶酸和维生素B₁₂呈独立负相关（β=-0.262,P=0.037;β=-0.293,P=0.020）。Logistic回归分析结果提示叶酸缺乏和维生素B₁₂缺乏为CD的独立危险因素（OR=4.421,P=0.006;OR=9.036,P=0.000）。结论 浙江籍汉族CD患者中可能普遍存在高同型半胱氨酸血症、叶酸缺乏和维生素B₁₂缺乏,血清Hcy、叶酸和维生素B₁₂水平与CD疾病活动度密切相关,叶酸缺乏和维生素B₁₂缺乏是CD的独立危险因素。     

维生素D与新疆急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损相关性分析

目的 研究维生素D缺乏对新疆地区急性脑梗死患者神经功能缺损程度的影响。方法 收集自2016年12月~2017年7月收治于新疆医科大学第一附属医院的156例急性脑梗死患者为病例组,同期77例健康体检者为对照组,测定其血清25-羟维生素D水平,并进行NIHSS评分评估神经功能缺损程度;比较急性脑梗死患者及健康体检者血清25-羟维生素D差异,分析血清25-羟维生素D与NIHSS评分及脑梗死面积关系,同时建立多元Logistic回归模型分析其神经功能缺损程度的关系。结果 急性脑梗死患者血清25-羟维生素D水平较健康体检组显著偏低（P<0.01）;NIHSS评分与25（OH） D₃水平呈负相关（P<0.01）;与梗死面积不相关（P>0.05）;Logistic回归分析显示血清25（OH） D₃水平是影响神经功能缺损的独立危险因素（OR=0.94,95%CI：0.91~0.97,P=0.001）。结论 血清25（OH） D₃参与脑梗死的发生、发展,急性脑梗死患者血清25（OH） D₃水平越低,神经功能缺失程度越重,可以作为患者病情严重程度的预测指标之一。     

社区获得性肺炎患者血清白蛋白水平与其严重程度及预后的相关性

目的 探讨社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者的血清白蛋白(ALB)水平与其严重程度及预后的相关性。 方法 连续选择从2012年1月~2013年12月在嘉定区中心医院急诊科诊断为CAP的患者共256例,根据患者ALB水平分为高值组(≥30g/L,n=229)和低值组(<30g/L,n=27),比较两组患者的临床资料、实验值指标、严重程度、PSI分级及病死率之间的差异性;再依据不同严重程度(如是否重症、PSI评分)及不同预后,分别比较ALB异常率的差异;采用Spearman相关分析对ALB与PSI评分进行相关分析。 结果 ALB低值组的重症率(18.31% vs 7.57%,P=0.021)、病死率(60.00% vs 6.64%,P=0.000)及PSI Ⅳ~Ⅴ级比例(62.96% vs 24.02%,P<0.001)均显著高于ALB高值组。重症组中ALB异常率显著高于非重症组(18.3% vs 7.6%,P=0.021);死亡组中ALB异常率显著高于存活组(60.0% vs 6.6%,P=0.000);ALB异常率随着PSI级别的增高而增高(1.1%、9.7%、22.4%、40.0%,P=0.000);Spearman相关分析显示ALB与PSI评分呈显著负相关(r=-0.531,P=0.000)。 结论 社区获得性肺炎患者的血清白蛋白水平与其严重程度密切相关,对预后有重要的参考价值。     

脓毒症并机械通气患者的甲状腺激素水平与其预后的相关性分析

目的 探讨脓毒症并机械通气患者的甲状腺激素水平与其预后的相关性。方法 选择连续入住上海市嘉定区中心医院急诊ICU的脓毒血症并机械通气患者50例,记录患者的一般资料、相关实验室检查、APACHE Ⅱ评分及28天的预后,根据其预后将患者分为死亡组（n=31）与存活组（n=19）,比较两组患者的一般资料及实验室指标的差异;以死亡为因变量,采用逐步线性回归分析找出死亡的独立影响因素,采用Spearman相关分析对有意义的因素进行相关分析。结果 所有50例病例的总病死率为62%（31/50）,甲状腺功能异常率为84%（42/50）;死亡组的APACHE Ⅱ评分[24.5（10）vs 19（7）]、血肌酐[126（214）vs 77（74.9）]显著增高,而T₃[0.61（0.16）vs 0.74（0.34）]、T₄[66.00（25.44）vs 87.28（26.02）]、FT₄[12.32（3.94）vs 17.59（4.81）]显著降低（P均<0.05）;血管活性药物应用（偏相关系数=0.381,P=0.002）及FT₄（偏相关系数=-0.413,P=0.001）与死亡呈独立线性相关。Spearman相关分析显示,FT₄与APACHE Ⅱ评分呈显著负相关（r=-0.298,P=0.036）。结论 脓毒症并机械通气患者的甲状腺功能会发生明显变化,甲状腺激素水平尤其是FT₄水平,对预后有重要参考价值。     

血清VitAHMGBl和BMP-7水平与NRDS患儿疾病严重程度的关系分析

目的 探讨血清维生素A （VitA）、高迁移率组蛋白-1（HMGB1）和骨形态发生蛋白-7（BMP-7）与新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（NRDS）患儿疾病严重程度的关系。方法 选取2016年1月至2018年12月南阳市中心医院收治的104例NRDS患儿，按《实用儿科放射诊断学》中病情严重程度评价标准分轻中度组（n=73）、重度组（n=31），比较两组患儿血清入院24 h血清VitA、HMGBl和BMP-7水平，应用Spearman相关性分析其与NRDS患儿疾病严重程度的关系；另所有患儿均严格参照《欧洲新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征防治共识指南：2016版》规范诊治，将患儿按预后分存活组（治愈、好转出院）、死亡组（院内死亡），比较不同预后患儿入院24 h血清VitA、HMGBl和BMP-7水平，绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析患儿入院24 h血清VitA、HMGBl和BMP-7水平对NRDS患儿预后的预测价值。结果 ①两组NRDS患儿24 h血清VitA比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），且24 h血清VitA与病情严重程度无显著相关性（r=0.082，P=0.410）；但重度组血清HMGBl、BMP-7水平高于轻中度组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；且血清HMGBl和BMP-7与病情程度呈正相关（r=0.439、0.746，均P<0.001）；②存活组和死亡组患者24 h血清VitA比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），但死亡组血清HMGBl、BMP-7高于存活组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；以53.90 pg/mL为BMP-7阈值，其预测NRDS患儿死亡的效能最佳（敏感度70.00%、特异度76.20%），三者联合预测敏感度、特异度分别为95.00%、57.10%。结论 HMGBl和BMP-7水平与NRDS患儿疾病严重程度相关性显著，并可对NRDS预后发挥一定预测效能，联合VitA或能进一步提升预测效能。     

糖尿病合并高血压患者血糖、血压水平与动脉硬化的相关性研究

目的 探讨糖尿病合并高血压患者血糖血压水平与动脉硬化的关系。方法 以北京某农村社区40岁及以上糖尿病合并高血压患者为研究对象,对患者进行问卷调查、体格检查、肱踝脉搏波传导速度（baPWV）检测和血样检测。根据患者糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、收缩压（SBP）及舒张压（DBP）水平进行分组,采用Logistic回归模型分析血糖血压水平与动脉硬化的关系。结果 共纳入1214例患者,其中动脉硬化异常（baPWV≥1700cm/s）有637人,占52.47%。相关性分析显示baPWV与HbA1c （r_s=0.174,P=0.000）、SBP （r_s=0.481,P=0.000）及DBP （r_s=0.167,P=0.000）均呈正相关。Logistic回归分析显示,调整其他危险因素后,HbA1c和SBP每增加1个四分位数间距动脉硬化异常风险分别为1.41倍（95% CI：1.16~1.70）和3.71倍（95% CI：2.80~4.91）。结论 糖尿病合并高血压患者baPWV与HbA1c及SBP显著相关,同时控制血糖和血压可能有利于降低动脉硬化异常发生风险。     

ICU肺部感染并鲍曼不动杆菌分离阳性患者临床特征及预后

目的 通过分析下呼吸道分泌物中分离出鲍曼不动杆菌的肺部感染患者其临床特征、对常用抗菌药物的耐药性及预后,探讨其死亡相关的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2012年6月~2017年6月郑州大学第五附属医院ICU下呼吸道分泌物分离出鲍曼不动杆菌的肺部感染患者其临床资料,包括人口学资料、基础疾病、细菌耐药性、发病时APACHEⅡ评分、抗菌药物治疗方案;依据患者28天预后结果分为死亡组和存活组;通过单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析死亡相关的危险因素。结果 本研究共纳入98例患者,共分离出110株鲍曼不动杆菌,对头孢哌酮舒巴坦耐药率较低（17株）;对美罗培南（88株）、亚胺培南（80株）的耐药率较高。28天病死率54.1%;死亡危险因素分析结果显示：合并冠心病（OR=38.3,95% CI：1.81~720.10,P=0.019）、高APACHEⅡ评分（OR=3.47,95% CI：1.30~12.81,P=0.043）、高降钙素原水平（OR=2.78,95% CI：1.30~7.02,P=0.023）、APTT延长（OR=1.32,95% CI：1.03~1.71,P=0.037）为患者28天死亡的独立危险因素;APACHEⅡ评分与死亡组患者鲍曼不动杆菌培养阳性后的生存时间呈负相关（r=-0.601,P=0.000）;是否应用对鲍曼不动杆菌敏感的抗菌药物未明确影响预后。结论 肺部感染并鲍曼不动杆菌分离阳性患者合并冠心病、高APACHEⅡ评分、高降钙素原水平、APTT延长为患者28天死亡的独立危险因素;尤其是合并冠心病及基础疾病的严重程度决定患者的预后。     

血清半乳糖凝集素-3用于2型糖尿病相关肾病的诊断价值研究

目的 探讨血清半乳糖凝集素-3（galectin-3）用于2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）患者发生糖尿病相关肾病（diabetic kidney disease,DKD）的诊断价值。方法 回顾性纳入2009年4月～2015年5月在笔者医院内分泌科及肾内科住院的T2DM患者130 例,根据尿白蛋白及接受透析情况分为尿白蛋白正常至中度增加（A₁期）组（n=49）、中度增加（A₂期）组（n=36）、重度增加（A₃期）组（n=28）及透析组（n=17）。就诊时纪录患者一般情况及常规实验室检测指标。检测患者血清galectin-3及胱抑素C（Csy-C）水平,分析galectin-3与临床指标的相关性。使用ROC曲线分析galectin-3单独及联合Csy-C用于诊断DKD肾功能损害的价值。结果 透析组血清galectin-3水平（87.47±26.65ng/ml）最高,随后依次为A₃期、A₂期、A₁期及健康对照组;eGFR≤15ml/（min·1.73m²）或透析患者galectin-3水平也显著高于其他eGFR情况的患者。所有患者中,galectin-3与尿白蛋白肌酐比（ACR）（r=0.760,P=0.000）及Csy-C（r=0.723,P=0.000）呈正相关,与eGFR（r=-0.768,P=0.000）呈负相关。Galectin-3单独诊断肾功能损害的AUC为0.908（95% CI：0.859～0.958）,联合Csy-C的AUC为0.920（95% CI：0.873～0.967）。结论 T2DM患者血清galectin-3水平升高提示更严重的白蛋白尿及肾功损害,galectin-3单用或联合Csy-C具有良好的对肾功能损害的诊断价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.