硬脊膜动静脉瘘的治疗分析

目的 探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的治疗方法及其效果。方法 回顾性分析2015年3月到2018年3月收治的13例硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床资料。采用显微手术治疗11例,采用血管内治疗2例。结果 术后均恢复良好,未发生并发症,均无新增神经功能缺失表现。术后随访6个月,未见硬脊膜动静脉瘘复发,脊髓功能障碍得到不同程度的改善。结论 硬脊膜动静脉瘘应尽早手术,目标是闭塞瘘口和静脉起始部;根据其血管构筑特点及瘘口部位,选择相应的治疗方法。血管内栓塞和显微手术均是安全、有效的治疗方式。     

Double spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas

Background

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are usually solitary lesions. Synchronous and/or metachronous double SDAVF have rarely been reported in the literature. We report on three patients with double SDAVF and present our single center experience in the diagnostic and treatment management in these patients.

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断及手术治疗

目的 探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断及手术治疗。方法 1996年9月～2002年9月收治硬脊膜动静脉瘘病人20例，均行术前MRI、脊髓血管造影证实，手术切断瘘口处硬脊膜动脉与引流静脉的异常交通。结果 12例完全康复，8例症状改善，脊髓功能部分恢复。结论 脊髓MRI是硬脊膜动静脉瘘的无创筛选检查，而脊髓血管造影是确诊的金标准；手术电凝切断瘘口效果肯定，可明显改善症状，防止脊髓损害进一步加重。     

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas—An underdiagnosed disease

Background Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are rare and present with non–specific symptoms. The diagnosis is difficult and it is therefore conceivable that patients may not be recognized. Methods We reviewed the intake forms of patients who had been admitted to the spinal cord injury ward of a rehabilitation center in the period 1980–2004 to identify possible patients with an undiagnosed SDAVF. Clinical and radiological data were evaluated in selected cases. Results In 20 of 1429 newly admitted patients to the rehabilitation center (in 614 of whom trauma was not the cause), we restudied the CT myelograms, MRI scans or spinal angiograms and in two of these we found an undiagnosed SDAVF, and one cerebral dural arteriovenous fistula. One of these three was diagnosed with SDAVF 8 years after the admission to the rehabilitation center; the other two patients had never been diagnosed with SDAVF. In 9 patients a diagnosis of SDAVF had already been established by the time they were admitted to the spinal cord unit. In 20 other patients the admission diagnosis was a vascular lesion or 'progressive myelopathy' but appropriate radiological studies had been destroyed or had never been performed. Conclusion Our results suggest that spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas are an underdiagnosed condition.     

经单侧椎板开窗夹闭硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的　总结经单侧椎板开窗入路夹闭硬脊膜动静脉瘘的经验。方法　回顾性分析了 5 6例经脊髓MR和脊髓血管造影确诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者经单侧椎板开窗夹闭瘘口的临床资料。结果　 5 4例患者术后行脊髓血管造影复查 ,显示瘘口全部消失。 38例患者术后 6个月行脊髓MR复查 ,显示脊髓周围的血管流空影完全消失 ,T2 像髓内高信号影消失或明显减少。 5 4例患者获随访 ,随访时间 3～ 36个月 ,2 4例症状完全消失 ,2 7例症状改善 ,3例无变化。结论　经单侧椎板开窗夹闭瘘口的手术方法是硬脊膜动静脉瘘的首选治疗方法。     

手术夹闭治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘(附6例报道)

目的探讨显微手术夹闭硬脊膜动静脉瘘的方法和疗效。方法回顾分析6例经脊髓血管造影明确的硬脊膜动静脉瘘,采用后正中入路显微镜下探查硬脊膜动静脉瘘口,电灼硬膜上瘘口,夹闭引流静脉近端并观察手术疗效。结果术后双下肢麻木无力,大小便障碍等临床症状明显改善3例,好转2例,无变化1例。无手术死亡、截瘫及其他严重并发症。结论术前精确定位,采用显微手术直接夹闭硬脊膜动静脉瘘口,可取得良好疗效。     

最大密度投影、双容积及双容积动态成像对硬脊膜动静脉瘘诊治的研究

目的 探讨最大密度投影、3D-DSA/Dyna-CT双容积及双容积动态成像对硬脊膜动静脉瘘诊断及手术的应用价值。方法 对8例硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者术前均行最大密度投影、3D-DSA/Dyna-CT双容积和双容积动态成像,协助术前诊断、判断瘘口的部位、供血动脉与椎间孔的关系、引流静脉所在椎管内的部位,然后手术灼闭瘘口。结果 最大密度投影冠状位、矢状位和轴位成像、3D-DSA/Dyna-CT双容积成像、双容积动态成像可使硬脊膜动静脉瘘的供血动脉、瘘口位置、引流静脉与其毗邻的椎间孔、棘突、上下椎体的空间三维解剖关系清晰的显现,弥补了单一3D-DSA、MRA、CTA等影像的不足,不仅可在术前协助诊断,模拟手术入路,而且可指导手术过程的顺利进行,有效的避免并发症的发生,取得良好临床效果。结论 双容积与双容积动态成像,尤其是最大密度投影成像对硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断、治疗有较大的应用价值。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘(附1例临床分析)

目的探讨硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的病因、发病机制、临床表现、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析了1例患者的相关临床资料。结果本例患者以双下肢渐进性麻木、无力1年余,加重伴大小便障碍9个月为主要临床表现,脊髓MRI显示T9~L1髓内以长T2长T1为主之异常信号,超选择DSA造影可见位于入LT12椎管处一硬脊膜动静脉之瘘口,成功地进行了经单侧椎板开窗夹闭瘘口术。结论SDAVF为一具有直接的动静脉交通性病变,常伴有小型畸形团,多发生于中年男性,误诊率高,主要表现为渐进性的肢体麻木、无力及大小便障碍,MRI有助于诊断,但仍须DSA确诊。阻断连接瘘口与冠状静脉丛的引流静脉是治疗SDAVF的有效方法,显微外科手术效果可靠、复发率低,尽早地确诊和治疗是取得良好疗效的根本前提。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床诊断与显微手术治疗分析

目的分析和总结硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床诊断及显微手术切除治疗经验。 方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年1月在平煤神马医疗集团总医院确诊并行显微手术切除治疗的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者8例,并从临床症状、影像学资料及显微手术切除治疗效果总结了临床诊断及治疗的经验。 结果所有病例均经半椎板入路行动静脉瘘显微手术切除术,术后复查脊髓血管造影,均未发现异常的瘘口及迂曲扩张的引流静脉显影。随访24个月,其中痊愈5例,好转2例,有效率87.5%。 结论MRI是筛选硬脊膜动静脉瘘的无创手段,脊髓血管造影是确定诊断的金标准。显微手术方法简单,疗效确切,可作为治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的首选方法。     

硬脊膜动静脉瘘误诊分析

目的 探讨如何避免误诊硬脊膜动静脉瘘。方法 回顾分析3例误诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床表现，误诊原因及治疗结果。结果 1例误诊为腰椎间盘突出，2例误诊为前列腺肥大，不仅延误了诊断，还因误治加重了神经功能损害或导致正常器官损害。结论 仔细询问病史和查体，适时行脊髓MRI检查是避免误诊的关键。     

复合手术治疗硬脊膜外动静脉瘘合并硬脊膜动静脉瘘1例 并文献复习

目的 总结硬脊膜外动静脉瘘（SEDAVF）合并硬脊膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）的复合手术治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析复合手术治疗的1例SEDAVF合并SDAVF的临床资料,并结合文献分析。结果 首先经动脉途径进行ONYX胶栓塞,因胶弥散效果不佳,仅封堵供血动脉,瘘口及引流静脉仍可显影;然后,开放性手术烧灼硬脊膜外扩张迀曲的静脉丛血管,但未剪开硬脊膜探查,术后7 d因并存SDAVF加重血流动力学改变并引起症状加重,再次行介入栓塞时处理SDAVF。术后6个月随访双下肢肌力恢复至4级,大小便功能正常。结论 SEDAVF处理的关键在于闭塞瘘口及近端引流静脉,对于合并的SDAVF,可选择介入治疗。单纯SEDAVF,可选择开放性手术灼闭硬脊膜外扩张迂曲的静脉湖;SEDAVF合并SDAVF,可先行介入栓塞瘘口,解除脊髓静脉高压综合征及硬脊膜外静脉湖压迫症状;如仍末治愈,可行开放手术灼闭硬脊膜外扩张迀曲的静脉湖,解除对脊髓的压迫。     

表现为蛛网膜下腔出血的高颈段硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的对表现为蛛网膜下腔出血的高颈段硬脊膜动静脉瘘发病机制进行分析,预测出血因素,避免漏诊,指导治疗。方法对5例表现为蛛网膜下腔出血的高颈段硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床资料进行总结。结果5例瘘口均位于枕大孔区～颈2节段,由椎动脉脊膜支供血．通过髓周静脉引流。所有5例引流静脉均向颅内引流,有不同程度扩张,3例伴有静脉瘤样改变。手术后复合瘘口均消火,4例治愈,1例死亡。结论高颈段硬脊膜动静脉瘘向颅内引流并伴有引流静脉扩张易出血,颅内压增高可能是诱发出血的因素。血管造影应全面,避免小部分蛛网膜下腔出血的患者造影假阴性。手术夹闭瘘口并切断近端引流静脉是可靠的治疗方法。     

寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断与治疗(2例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘诊断与治疗。方法采用多模式影像学方法诊断,枕下后正中入路手术治疗寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者2例,并结合文献进行分析。结果本组2例寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者均表现为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血,均经DSA确诊,并经枕下后正中入路成功阻断瘘口后引流静脉。结论寰枕交界区硬脊膜动静脉瘘发病率低,缺乏特征性临床表现,诊断困难;多模态影像、尤其是DSA是确诊的主要方法;开颅手术切断瘘口后引流静脉是相对安全、有较高病灶闭塞率的治疗方法。     

Venous congestive myelopathy in spinal dural arteriovenous fistula mimicking neoplasia

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are the most common acquired arteriovenous shunts that occur in adults. By increasing venous pressure in the spinal venous system they are a cause of venous congestive myelopathy. We report the case of a patient with a SDAVF mimicking, on magnetic resonance imaging, the presence of a spinal cord tumour due to an unusual pattern of enhancement after gadolinium administration.     

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To summarize clinical key points, diagnostic features, and results of imaging and therapy of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF). RECENT FINDINGS: SDAVF accounts for 70% of spinal arteriovenous malformation with an annual incidence of 5-10 cases per million. At least 80% of patients are male, and more than 66% of patients are in the sixth and seventh decade of life indicating preponderance of gender and age. Thrombophilia is not a predisposing factor of disease. Clinical course is predominated by symptoms of congestive myelopathy, but subarachnoid hemorrhage may occur. Double SDAVF is a rare problem in the management of disease. Magnetic resonance imaging has replaced myelography as screening procedure. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and multislice computerized tomographic angiography may facilitate diagnostic procedure, however, spinal angiography is still required to confirm diagnosis. Treatment by permanent occlusion of fistula results in clinical improvement in 70% of cases. Microsurgical shunt interruption has proven secure and reliable. Endovascular shunt embolization has been established as a standardized procedure, but occlusion rates are still lower than in surgical treatment. SUMMARY: Advances have been made in diagnosis and treatment of SDAVF, but the disease is still not completely understood.     

应用复合手术平台治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨复合手术平台在硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年10月复合手术治疗的18例SDAVF的临床资料。结果 18例手术时间3.1～4.6 h,平均(3.5±0.8)h。术后即刻造影未发现瘘口及异常引流静脉。无手术死亡病例,未发生与造影相关并发症。术后3个月复查脊髓造影均无复发,18例症状均明显改善;术后1年,造影复查未发现复发。结论利用复合手术平台治疗SDAVF,定位准确,手术损伤小,复发率低,疗效好。     

半椎板入路显微手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的疗效分析

目的 探讨采用半椎板入路显微手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘的效果。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2022年1月经半椎板入路显微手术治疗的12例硬脊膜动静脉瘘的临床资料。结果 12例均为单一瘘口,其中瘘口位于胸段10例,腰段2例。顺利夹闭瘘口,无脑脊液漏,未发生切口及中枢神经系统感染。术后随访6个月,12例症状均缓解;术后Aminoff-Logue残疾量表评分[（3.9±1.6）分]较术前[（6.6±2.1）分]明显改善（P<0.05）;术后X线检查未发现脊柱不稳定情况。结论 半椎板入路显微手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘,瘘口封闭效果好,不易复发,对脊柱稳定性影响小。     

320排CTA对硬脊膜动静脉瘘的诊断价值

目的 探讨320排CT血管成像(CTA)对硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)的诊治价值.方法 回顾性分析11例SDAVF病人的临床资料,均行320排CTA及DSA检查,以病变的定性诊断、供血动脉、瘘口、引流静脉的显示情况及手术治疗效果等作为观察指标进行分析.结果 320排CTA对11例病人均做出正确诊断,DSA首次检查漏诊2例,经行320排CTA获得相关图像信息后再行DSA检查发现病变.所有病人经手术治疗后随访3个月～2年,短期预后均良好,但术后9～12个月出现神经功能障碍加重3例.结论 320排CTA可良好地立体显示SDAVF病灶的特征及其周围的骨性解剖结构,但其不能动态显示病灶的血流动力学改变,尚不能取代DSA检查.     

复合手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘31例分析

目的 探讨复合手术治疗硬脊膜动静脉瘘（SDAVF）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年8月至2019年7月复合手术治疗的31例SDAVF的临床资料。术中DSA技术定位瘘口,据造影结果调整动脉夹,并验证瘘口闭塞的安全性和准确性。术后平均随访（28.9±2.7）个月,采用Aminoff-Logue评分（ALS）评价脊髓功能。结果 31例瘘口位置均准确定位,无扩大切口以暴露病灶,术后造影显示瘘口均消失。末次随访ALS[（3.3±0.5）分]较术前[（4.4±0.5）分]明显降低（P<0.05）;好转14例,无变化4例,加重2例,好转率为66.7%。随访期间无复发病例。结论 复合手术SDAVF安全、有效,与血管内栓塞相比,解决了其早期失败率及晚期复发率高的问题;与显微手术相比,实现了术中精准定位及实时效果评价。     

Clinical presentation,imaging findings,and prognosis of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula

Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is a relatively common acquired vascular malformation of the spinal cord. Assessment of a SDAVF is often difficult because of non-specific findings on non-invasive imaging modalities. Diagnosis of a SDAVF is often delayed, and some patients receive unnecessary treatment and treatment delays, often resulting in a poor outcome. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical presentation, typical imaging findings, and long-term outcome of SDAVF. Forty patients (13 women, 27 men; mean age 58.18 ± standard deviation 14.75 years) who were treated at our hospital from June 1992 to March 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. We investigated the baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatment modalities, and outcome of the patients. The most common clinical presentation was a sensory symptom (80%), followed by motor weakness (70%), and sphincter dysfunction (62.5%). Roughly one-third (32.5%) of patients had a stepwise progression of fluctuating weakness and sensory symptoms, but the most common presentation was chronic progressive myelopathic symptoms (47.5%). Thirty-four patients (85%) had T2 signal change on the spinal cord MRI, indicative of cord edema. Thirty-eight patients had typical perimedullary vessel flow voids on T2-weighted MRI. Twenty-eight patients were treated with endovascular embolization, five patients underwent surgery, and four patients underwent both. Clinical outcome was determined by severity of initial deficit (p = 0.008), extent of cord edema (p = 0.010), treatment failure (p = 0.004), and a residual fistula (p = 0.017). SDAVF causes a treatable myelopathy, so early diagnosis and intervention is essential.