中部地区陆军驻训官兵消化系统疾病谱调查及其危险因素分析

目的 调查中部地区陆军驻训官兵消化系疾病患病情况,分析相关危险因素,初探消化系统疾病防治策略.方法 设计调查问卷,并通过预调查评估问卷质量;采用分层整群随机抽样方法,在我国中部地区7省市各抽取一个陆军基层单位,对所属的驻训官兵进行电子或纸质问卷调查,总结分析官兵消化系统疾病谱,并探讨疾病发生的危险因素.结果 共收集有效...     

抗洪部队急性腹泻的危险因素分析

目的：分析引起抗洪部队官兵急性腹泻的危险因素，为部队制定防治措施提供依据。方法：采用问卷与现场调查相结合的方法，对参加1998、1999、2002年某地区抗洪抢险的某部官兵630例腹泻发生情况进行调查。用logistic回归模型进行单因素分析和多因素逐步回归分析，筛选导致腹泻的危险因素。结果：被调查人群的急性腹泻发生率为13．0％。致急性腹泻的危险因素包括卫生知识掌握差、卫生习惯不良、当地卫生条件差、分散供水、水质差、睡眠时间短、野外露宿等。结论：加强卫生宣教，养成良好的卫生习惯，改善周围卫生环境，集中供水，保证睡眠时间和改善住宿条件是预防急性腹泻的重要措施。     

武警某部官兵军事训练伤的危险因素调查

 目的 调查武警官兵军事训练伤的危险因素。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法对武警某部534名官兵进行调查,按照是否发生军事训练伤分为受伤组(观察组)195例和未受伤组(对照组)339例进行回顾性研究。采用单因素相关分析和Logistic回归分析法进行军事训练伤危险因素的调查。结果 单因素分析结果显示,担负的任务、家庭所在地、训练自我评估、军事训练量、训练时的注意力、训练前的热身活动、训练后的整理活动、对训练内容的掌握情况、训练过程中的防护措施、训练计划的合理性、是否按纲施训、训练场地和训练鞋等对是否发生军事训练伤的影响较大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,担负的任务、家庭所在地、训练自我评估、训练后整理活动、对内容掌握程度、训练计划合理性和训练场地适宜性为发生军事训练伤的独立危险因素。结论 担负的任务、家庭所在地、训练自我评估、训练后整理活动、对内容掌握程度、训练计划合理性和训练场地适宜性为发生军事训练伤的独立危险因素,应根据实际情况,积极干预,减少甚至避免军事训练伤的发生。     

某部官兵情感障碍的危险因素分析

目的：探讨官兵情感障碍的危险因素及应对措施。方法：采用自编军人精神障碍危险因素调查表进行调查,以诊断为情感障碍的某部68例官兵为观察组,以随机抽取年龄、级别相似的健康官兵204例为对照组,采用非条件Logistic回归模型,分析导致官兵情感障碍的相关因素。结果：官兵情感障碍危险因素的相对危险度（OR）是：籍贯为中小城市（OR=1.82）、工作性质为脑力劳动（OR=1.54）、人际关系差（OR=5.08）、任务压力大（OR=1.47）和入伍动机不明确（OR=3.34）等。结论：籍贯为中小城市、脑力劳动、人际关系差、入伍动机不明确等是导致官兵情感障碍的危险因素。     

武警官兵军事训练伤危险因素分析

目的：分析武警官兵军事训练伤的危险因素。方法：随机抽取武警官兵3367例,按照是否受伤分为受伤组（观察组）1051例和未受伤组（对照组）2316例。采用单因素相关分析和Logistic回归分析法进行军事训练伤危险因素分析。结果：单因素相关分析结果显示,工作时间、患有慢性病、有外伤、与战友冲突、饮食睡眠情况、工作中感到疲劳、违反安全要求、冒险进入危险地区、工作感到紧张、A型性格和自我健康评价等为发生军事训练伤的可能危险因素。Logistic回归分析结果显示,工作时间、患有慢性病、与战友冲突、工作中感到疲劳、冒险进入危险地区、A型性格和自我健康评价为发生军事训练伤的独立危险因素。结论：工作时间、患有慢性病、与战友冲突、工作中感到疲劳、冒险进入危险地区、A型性格和自我健康评价为发生军事训练伤的独立危险因素,应积极干预,降低其发生率。     

海军某部官兵功能性便秘的流行病学调查与防治措施

目的调查海军某部官兵功能性便秘（functional constipation,FC）的发病状况,分析相关因素并制定相应防治措施。方法 2009年12月-2010年12月以调查问卷的形式多级分层随机整群抽样调查海军现役军人12 032例。问卷采用罗马Ⅲ标准流行病学调查问卷（RomeⅢ-MQ）,参照SF-36生活质量量表（HRQOL）进行生活质量评判。并采用多因素的Logistic回归分析法分析FC的危险因素。结果共回收11 895份有效问卷,海军某部官兵FC发病率为12.51%,Logistic回归分析表明,吃辛辣食品、饮酒、心情焦虑、经常克制排便、吃水果蔬菜少、运动少等为FC可能性的危险因素,其OR值均〉1。结论海军某部官兵FC的患病率高,危险因素多,采取科学有效的防治措施,对保障海军官兵的身心健康,增强部队的战斗力有重要意义。     

舰艇官兵长航期间口腔溃疡发生情况调查与分析

目的：调查了解长航期间舰艇官兵口腔溃疡的发生率及其影响因素。方法：采用自行设计的健康调查问卷,对某部海上长航官兵274例进行口腔溃疡发生情况调查。结果：口腔溃疡发生率为48.5%,与饮食习惯、体力消耗、胃肠道疾病等呈显著正相关。结论：长航期间应改变舰艇官兵饮食习惯,降低口腔溃疡的发生率。     

某部官兵心血管疾病危险因素调查与分析

目的：调查分析某部官兵心血管疾病危险因素,为军队医疗健康干预和心血管疾病防治提供依据。方法：选择官兵876例,分别比较男性官兵和女性官兵不同年龄段存在心血管疾病危险因素情况。结果：男性官兵和女性官兵具有超重/肥胖、高胆固醇血症和高血压病3种危险因素者的百分率相近,但吸烟的男性官兵非常显著多于女性官兵（P〈0.01）。男性官兵各年龄段具有吸烟、高胆固醇血症和超重/肥胖3种危险因素者的百分率比较,差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;50岁以上各年龄段具有高血压病和糖尿病者的百分率较50岁以下各年龄段均显著升高（P〈0.05）。女性官兵各年龄段具有高胆固醇血症及超重/肥胖危险因素者的百分率比较,差异均不显著（P〉0.05）;55岁以上各年龄段具有高血压病及糖尿病者的百分率较55岁以下各年龄段均显著或非常显著升高（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。结论：超重/肥胖、高胆固醇血症和高血压病是官兵心血管疾病主要危险因素。军队应重视戒烟限酒、合理控制饮食和体重等健康宣教,加强中老年高血压病的防治。     

驻高原藏区某医院2014－2016年住院武警官兵疾病谱分析

 目的 分析驻高原藏区医院2014－2016年住院武警官兵疾病谱,为当地武警官兵的疾病防治工作提供依据。方法 调阅驻高原藏区某医院病例库中2014－2016年住院官兵的病案数据,按照国际疾病分类(ICD-10)进行系统分析。结果 各系统疾病构成中,排在前6位的依次是消化系统疾病(20.25%),骨骼肌肉结缔组织疾病(16.55%),损伤、中毒和外因的某些其他后果(16.37%),呼吸系统疾病(13.73%),皮肤和皮下疾病(11.27%),泌尿生殖系统疾病(9.51%)。单病种中,胃肠炎、关节损伤、骨折、扁桃体炎、皮疹类、泌尿系结石为各年份住院官兵的多发病种。结论 消化系统疾病、骨骼肌肉结缔组织疾病、损伤、中毒和外伤等防治是驻高原藏区地区部队卫生工作的重点,同时要重视呼吸系统、皮肤及皮下疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病的防治,以及搞好相应健康宣教工作,有助于保障官兵健康,减少非战斗减员。     

抗震救灾部队官兵急性心理应激障碍调查

目的：调查了解抗震救灾部队官兵急性心理应激障碍的发生情况及其影响因素。方法：随机抽取赴四川汶川执行抗震救灾任务某部官兵255例,采用急性心理应激反应问卷（SAS-RQ）和自编一般情况问卷进行调查,计算量表总分、因素得分值和急性心理应激障碍发生率。结果：参加抗震救灾官兵急性心理应激障碍分值为（21.6±18.7）分,急性心理应激障碍发生率为14.1%。结论：参加抗震救灾官兵急性心理应激障碍值得关注。     

出海训练人员的心理卫生状况分析

目的　探讨航海环境因素对不同人员心理方面的影响及比较其不同之处。方法　对参加海上卫勤训练的军医大学学员和舰员的一些神经心理学指标进行检测 ,了解这些指标在训练前后的改变。应用 SCL- 90量表及神经行为测试系统 (NES- C2 )测量舰员与学员出海前后的情感状态、心算、符号译码、视觉保留等因子。结果　航海训练后舰员、学员心理卫生水平均有所下降 ,与学员相比舰员受到的影响更大。结论　航海训练影响舰上工作人员的心理健康 ;而舰员的心理健康水平下降更为明显 ,这可能与其职业特点造成的心理健康水平低于一般非舰员有关     

营养知识、态度和行为干预对潜艇官兵膳食营养状况及健康状况的改善效果

目的:探讨营养知识、态度和行为(KAP)干预对潜艇官兵营养状况和体检结果的干预效果,为促进潜艇官兵身体健康、强健体质提供策略。方法:采用整群随机抽样法选取264名潜艇官兵进行营养KAP干预1年,干预前后分别进行营养KAP问卷调查、膳食营养状况调查和健康状况检查。结果:干预1年后潜艇官兵营养KAP得分(36.17±5.72)较干预前(32.18±5.16)显著提高,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。膳食营养状况:干预后油脂类摄入量为(82.78±26.38) g,较干预前(121.24±21.32) g显著降低;干预后奶类摄入量为(220.36±20.57) g,较干预前(112.26±46.48) g显著提高;差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。健康状况:干预后体检结果异常检出率为45.18%,较干预前的73.31%显著降低,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。 结论:通过对潜艇官兵进行营养KAP干预,官兵膳食营养状况及体检结果得到改善,营养KAP干预可有效保障官兵健康。     

Leisure physical activity and various pain symptoms among adolescents

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between leisure physical activity and various pain symptoms in adolescents. METHODS: In this nationwide cohort based cross sectional study in Finland, 698 schoolchildren, 344 girls and 354 boys, aged 10 to 17 years responded to a questionnaire on pain symptoms (neck and shoulder pain, upper back pain, low back pain, upper limb pain, lower limb pain, headache, and abdominal pain) and physical activity habits and also participated in a fitness test. RESULTS: Reported physical activity correlated with measured fitness. Musculoskeletal pains (p = 0.013) (in particular low back pain (p = 0.022), upper limb pain (p<0.001), and lower imb pain (p<0.001)) were found more often in subjects participating in large amounts of leisure physical activity, while non-musculoskeletal pains (p = 0.065) (in particular headache among boys (p = 0.004)) tended to be less common. Co-occurrence of different musculoskeletal pains was common in subjects participating in sports. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to its likely long term health benefits, vigorous physical activity causes musculoskeletal pains during adolescence. This should be considered when tailoring health promotion programmes to adolescents. Also, co-occurrence of musculoskeletal pains may occur as the result of sports activity, which should be considered as a confounder in epidemiological studies on fibromyalgia and related issues.     

我国海上舰艇官兵疾病谱的Meta分析

 

目的 对我国海上舰艇官兵疾病谱数据进行汇总,并运用Meta分析的方法计算出我国海上舰艇官兵的发病率,为海上舰艇官兵的卫勤保障工作提供循证依据。方法 检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据(WanFang Data)、重庆维普(VIP)、Web of Science、PubMed、Medline、Embase等数据库中有关我国海上舰艇官兵疾病谱的文献,使用RevMan5.3、Stata16.0软件对海上舰艇官兵疾病的发生率进行合并,检验异质性并选择相应的效应模型,采用Egger检验评估各文献发表偏倚。结果 共计3篇文献纳入研究,样本合计1295人,Meta分析结果显示,各系统疾病发病率排名前6位的是呼吸系统疾病(44.30%),损伤、中毒或外因的某些其他后果(22.48%),皮肤疾病(20.30%),眼耳鼻喉口腔疾病(18.82%),消化系统疾病(18.04%),肌肉骨骼系统或结缔组织疾病(13.51%)。结论 卫生部门应根据官兵发病情况,在任务前期,重点关注呼吸系统疾病,合理调配医疗资源,确保官兵圆满完成各项任务。

     

Sports activities, body weight and smoking in relation to low-back pain: a population-based case-referent study

The study aims to describe the influence of sports activities, high body weight and smoking on low‐back pain. The results were obtained from a population‐based case‐referent study, the Musculoskeletal Intervention Center (MUSIC)‐Norrtälje study. In all, 342 male and 449 female cases, and 662 male and 948 female referents participated. Neither low‐intensity training many hours/week (>=5 h) nor high‐intensity training few (1–2 h), intermediate (3–4 h) or many hours (>=5 h) per week affected the risk of low‐back pain among men. Few (1–2) hours with high‐intensity training increased the relative risk of low‐back pain among women, RR 1.6 (1.1–2.4). An increased risk of low‐back pain was found for men with high body weight, RR 2.2 (CI 1.2–3.9) but not for women. Smoking did not influence the risk of low‐back pain.     

Frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms in diagnostic medical sonographers. Results of a pilot survey

INTRODUCTION: We report the results of a pilot survey in diagnostic medical sonographers. Aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders in sonologists and the relationship of these symptoms to ergonomic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 340 sonographers (258 male, 82 female doctors; mean age 41.5 +/- 7.2 years) were given a questionnaire to fill out. The questionnaire asked questions about the sonologist's age, gender, technique of ultrasound procedure, physical activity, and work-related musculoskeletal complaints. Two symptom lists regarded carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) symptoms (8 items) and other work-related musculoskeletal symptoms (13 items). The categorized response variables "have now" or "in the past" were provided. The symptoms experienced were categorized into three levels as no symptoms, few symptoms (1-4 symptoms), and many symptoms (> 5 symptoms). RESULTS: One third of the respondents reported having at least one or more work-related symptoms in the upper extremities. The most frequent symptoms were tingling (17.6%), numbness or finger pain (13.5%). Carpal tunnel syndrome had been diagnosed in 5 cases (1.5%). More than 60% of all respondents have experienced one or more musculoskeletal symptoms in the cervical or lumbar spine. The commonest symptom was neck and low back pain (67%). The pain was generally intermittent and occurred at the end of the workday. Motion impairment in the neck and/or back was present in 23.5% of cases. Twenty-five percent of respondents had received treatments for their symptoms and 10% reported having stopped work because of their symptoms. Data analysis showed that muscular efforts such as gripping the transducer, applying sustained pressure, and scanning with a correlated flexed or hyperextended wrist were significantly correlated with increasing severity of symptoms in the hand, wrist, and forearm area. On the other hand, low back pain appeared to be negatively correlated with correct position of the body. CONCLUSIONS: Several physical risk factors (e.g., repetitive work and force exertion, twisting of the body and poorly-adjustable chairs) have been identified for work-related upper extremity and spine disorders. Ergonomic redesign of the workstation configuration as well as allowing sufficient recovery time to body and arm muscles appear to be the main goals to achieve prevention of musculoskeletal disorders in sonographers.     

神经科护士腰背痛相关因素及对策

目的：研究和分析神经科护士腰背痛相关因素,探讨相应的对策,以促进神经科护士的身心健康,提高工作效率。方法：对我院50名神经科护士进行腰背痛的问卷调查。结果：神经科护士腰背痛总发病率为80．0％,其中工作〈3年的护士为68．4％,3。6年的护士为80．0％,≥7年的护士为90．5％（P〈0．05）。结论：神经科护士是患腰背痛的高危人群。通过加强工作技能培训,坚持体育锻炼,合理的组织管理等对策,能够降低神经科护士腰背痛的发病率。     

水面舰艇艇员与地面官兵健康体检结果分析

目的通过对549名水面舰艇艇员和378名地面官兵年度健康体检的结果分析,综合疾病分布,为水面舰艇艇员疾病诊治、科学训练、健康指导、体检结论提供依据。方法对2015年1—12月来院的549名水面舰艇艇员和378名地面官兵健康体检结果进行分析。结果水面舰艇艇员在患病种类和患病率方面均高于地面官兵,其中高脂血症、屈光不正、口腔疾病、心电图异常、肝功能异常、脂肪肝是水面舰艇艇员常见病和多发病,因视力问题结论待定的最多。结论水面舰艇艇员患病率较地面官兵高,个别部队把关不严,需引起部队高度重视,并制定有针对性的健康促进方案和卫生保健措施。     

Musculoskeletal injuries in the Norwegian National Ballet: a prospective cohort study

The purpose of the present study was to determine the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries among professional ballet dancers in the Norwegian National Ballet. A 19 weeks prospective study with registration and clinical assessment of dancers with injuries was conducted. Medical staff working for the National Ballet registered incidence of injuries. In addition the dancers filled out a questionnaire about previous injuries, their work situation, and factors they believed increased the risk of injuries. Of the 41 dancers (80% response rate), 31 dancers experienced one injury or more. The majority of injuries involved foot and ankle. Twenty-two per cent of the injuries were acute injuries. Seventy-five per cent of the injuries were soft tissue injuries. Most injuries were of mild to moderate severity. Sixteen per cent of the injuries resulted in absence from work. Factors, the dancers believed were associated with risk of injuries were related to training, organizational factors and environmental factors. Seventy-eight per cent of the dancers experienced "negative" stress at work. Sixty-four per cent experienced that they had little influence on their work conditions. This study showed, however, no significant association between these psychological factors and musculoskeletal injuries. It is concluded that there is a high incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in the Norwegian National Ballet.     

Injuries and illnesses among armor brigade soldiers during operational training

This study describes injury and illness rates and some risk factors among soldiers from an armor division during a rotation at the National Training Center (Fort Irwin, California). Soldiers from a brigade of the 1st Cavalry Division were involved in a 5-week training exercise at the National Training Center. Health care visits were systematically recorded by the unit medics. Of 4,101 men and 413 women who participated in the exercise, 504 soldiers (409 men and 95 women) sought medical care at the main support medical clinic or Weed Army Community Hospital. The rates of injury and illness visits were 1.2% and 0.6% per week for men and 2.3% and 2.2% per week for women, respectively. Women had twice the risk of an injury and 3.5 times the risk of an illness, compared with men. Compared with other branches, combat service support soldiers had higher rates of injuries and illnesses. Enlisted soldiers of lower rank (E1-E4) experienced higher injury and illness rates than did noncommissioned officers and commissioned officers. Musculoskeletal injuries, environmental conditions, and dermatological conditions accounted for most visits.