骨盆肿瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨骨盆肿瘤的切除与重建方式。方法1991年7月～2006年12月,20例骨盆肿瘤患者接受骨盆肿瘤切除手术,其中18例又接受重建手术。男12例,女8例。软骨肉瘤9例,骨巨细胞瘤5例,尤文氏肉瘤1例,骨嗜酸性肉芽肿1例,腺泡状肉瘤1例,转移癌3例。根据Enneking骨盆肿瘤分区:I区7例,II区8例,III区5例。I区的2例切除范围较局限未重建。重建方法为I区肿瘤切除后使用自体腓骨重建2例,斯氏钉 骨水泥重建1例,钢板 骨水泥重建2例。II区的肿瘤切除后4例行股骨头旷置,2例行人工半骨盆置换,2例行钢板、骨水泥 人工全髋关节植入方式重建。III区的肿瘤切除后,5例均采用钢板 骨水泥重建。术后随访3个月～15年。结果局部复发5例,再次接受复发灶切除2例,放弃治疗3例。所有股骨头旷置病例均无复发。死亡6例。侵犯I、III区的肿瘤切除后,患者步态基本正常。侵犯II区的肿瘤切除后行人工半骨盆置换或行钢板、骨水泥 人工全髋关节植入的患者,半年后行走基本正常。接受股骨头旷置的患者,有较满意的活动度,行走时跛行。结论骨盆肿瘤切除重建的原则是首先完整切除肿瘤,然后再作功能重建。重建方式的选择应考虑各种方法的优缺点,尽量减少并发症的发生。     

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) in orthopedic oncology. Which were the indications,problems and results in our first consecutive 203 patients?

Aimsto review a group of patients with primary bone tumors treated with intraoperative navigation and analyze: (1) The technical problems; (2) Indications for Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS); (3) Oncological results; (4) Non oncological complications.Materials and methodsAll patients from a single institution who had preoperative virtual planned for an oncological primary bone resection assisted with navigation between May 2010 and July 2017 were enrolled in the study (203 patients). The use of computer-assisted surgery (CAS) was classified according to the oncologic procedure performed: (1) intralesional resections, (2) en-block resections, and (3) en-block resections + navigated allograft reconstructions.ResultsFour patients (4/203, 2%) of the series presented technical problems which came from 2 software and 2 hardware crashes. Eight (4%) procedures were intralesional resections and no local recurrences or complications were reported in this group. Ninety-eight surgeries (49%) were pure en block resection. The pelvis and sacrum were the main location in this group (57%). All bone margins were defined negative but 2 patients presented a positive resection in the soft tissues. Infection was the most prevalent complication (16/23). Ninety-three procedures were done for en block resections + allograft reconstruction (all extremities tumor). All margins were free of tumor and non oncological rate for this group was 28%.ConclusionThe main indications for CAS were malignant bone tumors resection. The technical failures precluded navigation use in 2%. CAS for pure en-block resections were mainly indicated in pelvic and sacrum tumors while en-block resection + allograft reconstruction assisted with navigation were only indicated in extremities tumors.Level of evidenceIV.     

Reconstruction with pasteurized autograft-total hip prosthesis composite for periacetabular tumors

BACKGROUND: With the development of preoperative adjuvant treatment, imaging techniques, and improvement of surgical technique, limb salvage is now possible even in patients with pelvic tumors. However, reconstruction after periacetabular resection is complicated and challenging. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of pasteurized autograft-total hip composite in pelvic reconstruction with regard to graft survival, union, graft-related complications, and functional outcome in 14 patients with periacetabular tumor. RESULTS: The 5-year and 10-year survival rates of the pasteurized bones were 64.3% and 32.1%, respectively. Major complications that necessitated graft removal included infection in three, fracture in two, and loosening in three patients. The average functional score of seven long-term successful patients was 25.6 (85.2%). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the high complication rate, pasteurized autograft can be considered as an option for periacetabular reconstruction in the selected patients who meet the following criteria. First, iliopectineal and ilioischial lines are radiologically intact; second, the tumor volume is small (preferably less than 100 ml).     

The importance of clear margins in myxofibrosarcoma: Improving local control by means of staged resection and reconstruction

IntroductionMyxofibrosarcomas are associated with a locally infiltrative growth pattern, making a clear-margin resection margin challenging. This leads to high local recurrence rates. While immediate wound closure and adjuvant radiotherapy has been proposed to mitigate incomplete excisions, we present our experience treating myxofibrosarcomas with staged excisions until clear margins are obtained, prior to reconstruction.MethodsAll patients with myxofibrosarcomas treated with a curative intent at our centre between 2009 and 2019 were identified. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics, number of resections, method of reconstruction, adjuvant therapy, complications, local recurrence rates, length of hospital stay and overall survival were assessed.Results97 consecutive eligible patients were identified. Forty-six (47%) had positive margins reported following a first resection. The median number of resections required to obtain clear margins was two and the median time from first excision to definitive wound closure was 15 days. Local recurrence rate for the whole cohort was 14%. Patients who had staged resection until clear margins were obtained had a significantly lower rate of local recurrence compared to those who had positive margins at time of reconstruction (p-value = 0.001). The estimated 5-year disease-specific survival for the whole cohort was 93%.DiscussionObtaining clear margins in myxofibrosarcoma via staged resections was associated with lower local recurrence rates for patients who had an initial resection with positive margins. The outcomes of performing staged resections are equivalent to patients for whom a clear margin were obtained in the first instance.     

基于改良Harrington分型的髋臼转移癌手术治疗方法

  目的  对于髋臼转移癌的外科治疗方法尚缺乏统一的认识,本研究旨在提出了改良Harrington髋臼转移癌分型系统并基于此提出新的髋臼转移癌外科治疗策略。  方法  本研究回顾性选取2003年6月至2021年9月于北京大学人民医院行外科治疗的283例髋臼转移癌患者,其中男性146例、女性137例,平均年龄（56.2±12.4）岁。283例髋臼转移癌患者中最常见的病理类型为肺癌（68例）、肾癌（43例）与乳腺癌（38例）。北京大学人民医院骨与软组织肿瘤诊疗中心为针对性地规划髋臼转移癌的外科治疗方案,在传统Harrington分型的基础上对Ⅲ型病灶进行了细化分类,基于骨内病灶累及范围与软组织包块情况将其进一步分为Ⅲa型（骨破坏范围在骶髂关节平面以下且不伴巨大软组织肿块）、Ⅲb型（骨破坏范围超过骶髂关节平面以上且不伴巨大软组织肿块）与Ⅲc型（骨破坏伴巨大软组织肿块）。对Ⅲa病灶与部分Ⅲb病灶仍采用传统的瘤内手术联合斯氏针/空心钉骨水泥髋臼成型+全髋关节置换,而对于Ⅲc病灶与部分Ⅲb病灶则采用肿瘤整块切除联合假体重建。对Harrington Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ型病灶患者的外科治疗仍按传统Harrington分型进行。  结果  283例患者中4例截肢,279例患者行基于改良外科分型系统的手术治疗。平均手术时间（218.6±82.4）min,平均出血量（1593.0 ± 1162.5）mL,围手术期并发症发生率为14.0%。术后随访期平均为（19.6±13.1）个月。术后MSTS 93功能评分平均（18.3±5.2）分,其中Harrington Ⅲ型髋臼周围转移癌中,采用斯氏针骨水泥髋臼成型+全髋置换患者术后MSTS93评分平均为（18.6±5.8）分,而采用肿瘤整块切除联合假体置换的患者术后MSTS93评分平均为（19.3±4.9）分。15例（5.3%）患者在生存期内出现肿瘤局部复发,其中4例为采取整块切除的病例,余11例均为刮除病例。  结论  对于骨盆转移癌导致严重疼痛和行走困难的患者,外科治疗可以缓解症状。本研究提出的改良Harrington外科分型能够有效地指导髋臼转移瘤外科治疗方案制定,在不增加手术风险的前提下具有针对性地提高了外科治疗的效果。      

Resection hip arthroplasty as a feasible surgical procedure for periacetabular tumors of the pelvis

Aims

Surgical treatment of periacetabular tumors remains one of the most challenging problems in musculoskeletal oncology. The purpose of this study was to review the clinical and functional outcomes of resection hip arthroplasty and analyze its feasibility.

Methods

This study assesses twenty-seven patients with periacetabular tumors treated by resection hip arthroplasty between 1999 and 2010. The tumors were excised with wide margins and the residual intact femoral head placed underneath the resected ilium. Clinical, functional and oncological outcomes as well as complications were carefully evaluated.

Results

The average follow-up time was 55 months (range, 3–118) and the mean surgical time 170 min (range, 120–350) with an average blood loss 1200 ml (range, 600–2200). Six patients died in 6–33 months postoperatively; no other local recurrences or deaths occurred. The 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year disease-free survival rates were 96.3%, 77.8% and 77.8% respectively. The mean limb-length discrepancy was 5 cm (range, 2–7.5) and all patients required custom-made shoes with their heels heightened by 2–5 cm. At the last follow-up, the mean functional score was 75.6%. Twenty patients recovered normal ambulation function with custom-made shoes and seven had to walk with crutches. Wound healing problems were observed in nine patients and deep or superficial infection in none.

Conclusions

Resection hip arthroplasty is recommended as a feasible surgical protocol for periacetabular tumors because it has few complications, good functional results, short surgical time and little blood loss.     

A meta-analysis comparing simultaneous versus delayed resections in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases

IntroductionThe traditional surgical management for patients presenting with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLM) has been a delayed resection. However, in some centres, there has been a shift in favour of ‘simultaneous’ resections. The aim of this study was to use a meta-analytical model to compare the short-term and long-term outcomes in patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLM) undergoing simultaneous resections versus delayed resections.MethodComparative studies published between 1991 and 2010 were included. Evaluated endpoints were intra-operative parameters, post-operative parameters, post-operative adverse events and survival. A random-effects meta-analytical model was used and sensitivity analysis performed to account for bias in patient selection.ResultsTwenty-four non-randomized studies were included, reporting on 3159 patients of which 1381 (43.7%) had simultaneous resections and 1778 (56.3%) had delayed resections. The bilobar distribution (P = 0.01), size of liver metastases (P < 0.001) and the proportion of major liver resections (P < 0.001) was found to be higher in the delayed resection group compared to the simultaneous resection group. There was no significant difference in operative blood loss (95% CI, ?279.28, 22.53; P = 0.1) or duration of surgery (WMD ?23.83, 95% CI, ?85.04, 37.38; P = 0.45). Duration of hospital stay was significantly reduced in simultaneous resections by 5.6 days (95% CI: 2.4–8.9 days, P = 0.007) No significant differences in post-operative complications (36% vs 37%, P = 0.27), overall survival (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86–1.15, P = 0.96) or disease free survival (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.71–1.02, P = 0.08) were found. Sensitivity analysis revealed that these findings were consistent for the duration of hospital stay, post-operative complications, overall survival and disease free survival.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the selection criteria for patients undergoing simultaneous or delayed resections differs resulting in a discrepancy in the metastatic disease severity being compared between the two groups. The comparable intra-operative parameters, post-operative complications and survival found between the two groups suggest that delayed resections may result in better outcomes. Similarly, the reduced length of hospital stay in simultaneous resections may only be as a result of the reduced disease severity in this group. Simultaneous resections can only be recommended in patients with limited hepatic disease until prospective studies comparing similar disease burdens between the two resection groups are available.     

Surgical resection of leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava: A case series and literature review

ObjectivesWe review our institution's experience in treating leiomyosarcomas involving the inferior vena cava, and we offer guidance on the management.MethodsA text-based search was performed to identify all patients who underwent surgical resection between January 2002 and October 2020. Clinicopathologic data, intraoperative variables, and outcomes were extracted from chart review.ResultsTwelve of 16 patients (75%) had localized disease; the remaining had limited metastatic disease. Seven of 16 patients (44%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiation; three patients had partial responses, and four patients had stable disease using RECIST 1.1 criteria. IVC reconstruction was performed in 14 of 16 patients (88%); IVC was ligated for the remaining two patients. Half of all patients had R0 resection on final pathology; the remaining had R1 resections. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were not statistically different between patients with R0 and R1 resection. Median PFS was 1.8 years (95% CI 0.89 – not reached); median OS was 6.5 years (1.8 – not reached). Only one patient (6%) experienced local disease recurrence; 4 of 16 patients (25%) experienced disease recurrence distally without local recurrence.ConclusionsResection of IVC leiomyosarcomas at a sarcoma referral center with experience in vascular reconstruction can lead to many years of recurrence-free survival. Surgical resection should be offered to patients with a low volume of metastatic disease to reduce local complications from the primary tumor, many of which exert significant mass effect on surrounding organs. For patients with metastatic disease or large, high-risk tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy can provide a biologic test of disease stability prior to resection.     

Modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis reconstruction–Experience in 100 patients with mid-term follow-up results

Introduction

Pelvic endoprostheses are becoming more commonly used in recent years. In 2007, we reported the early results of modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis. In order to provide longer follow-up results, we conducted the current study.

Objective

To explore overall survival, local recurrence rate, metastasis rate, function score and survivorship of the prosthesis and related complications.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed one hundred consecutive patients who received reconstruction with modular hemipelvic endoprostheses from June 2001 to March 2010. The living patients were followed for an average of 52.9 (range, 24–103) months. There were 85 primary tumors and 15 isolated metastases.

Results

At the time of last follow-up, fifty-eight patients were alive with no evidence of disease and thirty-six patients died of disease. Twenty patients experienced a local recurrence and twenty-eight patients developed distant metastasis. Patients with wide surgical margins had a significantly lower local recurrence rate than those with inadequate margins (p = 0.03). The mean MSTS (Musculoskeletal Tumor Society) 93 score was 57.2% (range, 16.7–86.7%). The mean Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) was 64.4 (range, 30–90). Postoperative complications occurred in 45% of the patients. Wound healing disturbance (18%) and deep infection (15%) were the most predominant. Less frequent complications included dislocation, which occurred in nine patients and mechanical complications including 5 breakages and 2 aseptic loosening.

Conclusion

The modular hemipelvic endoprosthesis can provide a versatile reconstruction option for a variety of pelvic defects with an acceptable rate of complication. Wide margins whenever possible should be the goal for these complex patients.     

Short-term outcomes following beyond total mesorectal excision and reconstruction using myocutaneous flaps: A retrospective cohort study

IntroductionBeyond total mesorectal excision (bTME) offers long-term survival in patients with advanced pelvic malignancy. At Skåne University Hospital (SUS) Malmö in Sweden, the vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (VRAM) and gluteal maximus (GM) flap have been used for perineal reconstruction to promote healing and functional outcomes after significant tissue loss. This study aims to examine 90-day overall and flap-specific complications in patients with advanced pelvic cancer treated with bTME and perineal flap reconstruction.MethodThis retrospective study conducted at SUS included patients undergoing surgery between January 01, 2010 and August 01, 2016. Patients’ data were gathered through medical chart reviews. The Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification system was used to classify surgical and medical postoperative complications. Flap-specific complications were evaluated regardless of CD classification.ResultsOne hundred five patients (51 men, 54 women) underwent bTME surgery with perineal reconstruction, with VRAM flaps used in 27 (26%) patients, GM flaps in 51 (49%) patients and GM flaps with vaginal reconstruction in 27 (26%) patients. The 90-day mortality rate was one (1%), despite surgical CD ≥ III and/or medical CD ≥ II complications affecting 51 (48%) patients. Partial perineal dehiscence was noted in 45 (43%) patients, mostly treated conservatively. At the first outpatient postoperative visit (median, 42 days), flap healing was complete in 47 (45%) patients.ConclusionbTME surgery in pelvic cancer patients with perineal flap reconstruction using VRAM or GM flaps results in high overall and flap complication rates, but low mortality. Most complications can be conservatively treated.     

Pelvic ring reconstruction with tibial allograft,screws and rods following enneking type I and IV resection of primary bone tumors

IntroductionSurgery of primary malignant tumors involving the sacroiliac joint requires wide resection, which often interrupts the pelvic ring. Nowadays, restoration of the pelvic ring to provide stability and which technique is most fitting remain subject to debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of pelvic reconstruction with pedicle screw instrumentation and tibial allograft following Enneking Type I-IV resections.Patients and methodsAll patients who underwent reconstruction with tibial allograft, screws and rods after resection of areas I and IV for primary bone tumors between 2017 and 2022 were reviewed. Clinical and radiological characteristics, fusion rate and functional results were analyzed. The MSTS score and the TESS were used to evaluate functional results.ResultsSeven patients were included in the study. Chondrosarcoma was the most common histology. Only four patients reported pain. No fractures were observed at tumor diagnosis. Computer-assisted navigation was used in six cases. Reconstruction was performed in four cases with a screw inserted in the homolateral L5 pedicle and in the ischium, in two cases with a screw in the homolateral L4 pedicle and another in the homolateral L5 pedicle, in the last case with two screws inserted in L4 and L5, one screw in the ischium and another one in the residual iliac wing. In this case a contralateral stabilization was also carried out. The spine screws and the iliac screws were connected with a rod. The mean follow-up for all 7 patients was 37 months. One patient (16.6%) died due to general complications not directly related to the surgery; while the others are alive and apparently free of disease. Complete fusion was obtained in four out of seven patients and the average time for fusion was 9 months. The average MSTS score and TESS were 58.7% and 57.8%, respectively.DiscussionThe need for reconstruction is thoroughly debated in literature. The advantages of restoring posterior pelvis stability are the prevention of long-term pain associated with limb shortening and secondary scoliosis. Re-establishment of the pelvic ring can be achieved through synthetic, biologic or hybrid reconstructions.ConclusionsMore studies that assess the surgical consequences at long-term follow-up and help clarify the indications for reconstruction and the specific technique are necessary to confirm our preliminary results.     

Reconstructions du bassin après résection tumorale chez l’adulte

The three more frequent primitive malignant bone tumour which concerned the iliac bone are chondrosarcoma, following Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Wide resection remains the most important part of the treatment associated with chemotherapy for osteosarcoma and the Ewing sarcoma. Iliac wing resections and obdurate ring don’t required reconstruction. However, acetabular resections and iliac wing resection with disruption of the pelvic ring required reconstruction to provide acceptable functional result. Acetabular reconstruction remains high technical demanding challenge. After isolated acetabular resection or associated to obdurate ring, our usual method of reconstruction is homolateral proximal femoral autograft and total hip prosthesis but it is possible to also used : saddle prosthesis, Mac Minn prosthesis with auto or allograft, modular prosthesis or custom made prosthesis, massive allograft with or without prosthesis and femoro-ilac arthrodesis. After resection of the iliac wing plus acetabulum, reconstruction can be performed by femoro-obturatrice and femora-sacral arthrodesis, homolateral proximal femoral autograft and prosthesis, femoral medialisation, massive allograft and massive allograft. Carcinological results are lesser than resection for distal limb tumor, local recurrence rate range 17 to 45%.Functional results after Iliac wing and obdurate ring are good. However, acetabular reconstruction provide uncertain functional results. The lesser results arrive after hemipelvic or acetabular and iliac wing resection-reconstruction, especially when gluteus muscles were also resected. The most favourable results arrive after isolated acetabular or acetabular plus obturateur ring resection-reconstruction.     

Personalized 3D-printed guide in malignant bone tumor resection and following reconstruction – 17 cases in pelvic and extremities

IntroductionCustomized accurate tumor resection and individualized reconstruction is a challenging in treatment of malignant bone tumor. Three-dimensional (3D)-printing technique is now widely used in the resection and following reconstruction of malignant bone tumor, which included but not limited to tumor model, osteotomy guide and customized implant.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 17 patients, who underwent limb salvage surgery by using 3D-printed guide at a single center between August 2014 and October 2019. The median duration of follow-up was 26.5 months. Osteosarcoma (41.2%) were the predominant diagnoses. The functional outcomes were assessed by Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) functional score. We also analyzed survival status, intraoperative data (blood loss, operation time and resection length), reconstruction method, margin outcomes and complications.ResultsWe totally performed 93 guided osteotomies on affected bone and allograft bone in 17 patients. Reconstruction in 12 cases was performed with biological technique: allograft combined with autograft was used in 7 cases. 11 of 12 (91.7%) cases showed a good bone healing in both allograft and autograft. 1 of 12 (8.3%) cases had allograft necrosis. Additional intra-operative extracorporeal radiation was performed in 3 pelvic cases for reconstruction. 63 of 64 (98%) osteotomies achieved wide resection and negative margin. All the cases had successful limb salvage result without amputation. At the latest follow up, the mean MSTS Score was 24 (range: 13–30), 12 patients alive with no evidence of disease, 1 patient alive with disease, 5 patients had died of disease and 5 years overall survival is 73.3%. The most common complications are wound healing disorder in 4 cases (23.5%) and infection in 3 cases (17.6%).ConclusionThe 3D-printed resection guide was easy to use and showed promise in the field of orthopedic oncology. It can not only used in primary malignant bone tumor personalized resection but also in shaping structural bone allograft in biological reconstruction, which can achieve a safety surgical margin and individualized resection at the same time.     

What are the preoperative predictors of a futile pelvic exenteration in rectal cancers?

IntroductionEarly recurrences and deaths after a morbid procedure like pelvic exenteration are devastating events. The present study aimed at determining the incidence and predictors of futile pelvic exenterations.MethodsConsecutive pelvic exenterations for advanced and recurrent rectal adenocarcinomas operated between January 2013 and January 2021 were included with a minimum of six months follow-up. Futility of exenteration was defined as recurrence or death within six months of operation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to define predictors of futility.ResultsTwo-hundred eighty-five patients were included and 61 patients (21.4%) had a futile resection. Poorly differentiated (or signet) histology, presence of lateral pelvic nodes, M1 disease, and the need for pelvic bone resections predicted a futile resection. The probability of futility was 10%, 20%, 35–40%, 55–60%, and >75% when none, one, two, three, and all four of the predictors were present. The model was able to correctly predict futility in 70% of the cases suggesting moderate discrimination, and showed good calibration.ConclusionsFutile pelvic exenterations were observed in one-fifth of patients. Four strong predictors of futility were identified. The risk of early failures was additive when combination of these adverse features was present, and can be used for patient selection and prognostication.     

Navigation-assisted pelvic resections and reconstructions for periacetabular chondrosarcomas

ObjectivesSurvival in patients with chondrosarcomas has not improved over 40 years. Although emerging evidence has documented the efficacy of navigation-assisted surgery, the prognostic significance in chondrosarcomas remains unknown. We aimed to assess the clinical benefit of navigation-assisted surgery for pelvic chondrosarcomas involving the peri-acetabulum.MethodsWe studied 50 patients who underwent limb-sparing surgery for periacetabular chondrosarcomas performed with navigation (n = 13) without it (n = 37) at a referral musculoskeletal oncology centre between 2000 and 2015.ResultsThe intralesional resection rates in the navigated and non-navigated groups were 8% (n = 1) and 19% (n = 7), respectively; all bone resection margins were clear in the navigated group. The 5-year cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 23% and 56% in the navigated and non-navigated groups, respectively (p = 0.035). There were no intra-operative complications related to use of navigation. There was a trend toward better functional outcomes in the navigated group (mean MSTS score, 67%) than the non-navigated group (mean MSTS score, 60%; p = 0.412). At a mean follow-up of 63 months, the 5-year disease-specific survival was 76% and 53% in the navigated and non-navigated group, respectively (p = 0.085), whilst the 5-year progression-free survival was 62% and 28% in the navigated and non-navigated group, respectively (p = 0.032).ConclusionThis study confirmed improved local control and progression-free survival with the use of computer navigation in patients with limb-salvage surgery for periacetabular chondrosarcomas, although the advancement in other treatment modalities is required for improvement of disease-specific survival.     

Safe-margin surgery by plastic reconstruction in extremities or parietal trunk soft tissue sarcoma: A tertiary single centre experience

IntroductionTertiary centers recruit a large proportion of locally advanced or recurrent soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) that may have been preoperatively irradiated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of oncoplastic surgery (OPS) for patients affected by extremities or parietal trunk STS.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study includes patients who underwent a flap reconstruction after sarcoma resection between January 2018 and December 2020 at Institut Curie. The primary endpoint was the evaluation of the impact of OPS on the quality of surgical margins. The secondary endpoint was to quantify the morbidity of OPS and identify predictive factors for wound complications.ResultsOf 211 patients, 89 (42.2%) had a flap reconstruction. Surgery was realized on an irradiated field in 56 (62.9%) patients. Without OPS, all patients were candidates either for amputation (n = 9,10.1%) due to vessels/nerve infiltration, or R1/R2 resection (n = 80,89.9%). Seventy-two (80.0%) pedicle flaps and 18 (20.0%) free flaps were used. No R2 resections were performed. R0 and R1 margins were achieved in 82 (92.1%) and 7 (7.9%), respectively. The median closest margin was 3 mm (IQR 1–6 mm). Among R1 patients, 5 had positive margins along a preserved critical structure, 2 patients had well-differentiated liposarcomas. The surgical morbidity rate was 33.3% (30/90 flaps). The reoperation rate was 15.7% (14/89 patients).ConclusionsIn a referral sarcoma center, the collaboration between the surgical oncologist and the plastic surgery team should be considered upfront in the surgical plan, allowing the most adequate wide oncological resection with acceptable postoperative morbidity.     

Abdominal lymph node recurrence from colorectal cancer: Resection should be considered as a curative treatment in patients with controlled disease

BackgroundLymph node recurrences (LNR) from colorectal cancer (CRC) still represent a therapeutic challenge, as standardized recommendations have yet to be established. The aim of this study was to analyze short- and long-term oncological outcomes following resection of LNR from CRC.MethodsAll patients with previously resected CRC who underwent histopathologically confirmed LNR resection in 3 tertiary referral centers between 2010 and 2017 were reviewed. Short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed, mainly recurrence-free and overall survival. Further recurrences following LNR resection were also analyzed.ResultsOverall, 18 patients were included. Primary CRC was left-sided in 16 (89%) patients, staged T3-4 in 15 (83%), N+ in 14 (78%) and presented with synchronous metastases in 8 (43%). Median time interval between primary CRC and LNR resections was 31 months. Performed lymphadenectomies were aortocaval (n = 10), pelvic (n = 7), in hepatic pedicle (n = 3) and mesenteric (n = 1). Four patients had associated liver metastases resection. Three (17%) presented with postoperative complications, of which one Clavien-Dindo 3. Fourteen (78%) patients presented with further recurrences after a mean delay of 9 months, with 36% of patients presenting with early (<6 months) recurrence. Five (36%) patients could undergo secondary recurrence resection and 3 (21%) patients radiotherapy. Median overall survival following LNR resection reached 44 months.ConclusionsCurrent results suggest that LNR resection is feasible and associated with improved survival, in selected patients. Longer time interval between primary CRC resection and LNR occurrence appeared to be a favorable prognostic factor whereas multisite recurrence appeared to be associated with impaired long-term survival.     

Outcomes after limb sparing resection in primary malignant pelvic tumors

Aim

To evaluate morbidity, oncologic results and functional outcome in patients with malignant tumors of pelvis treated with limb sparing resection.

Methods

Between March 2002 and November 2010, 106 cases of non metastatic malignant pelvic tumors were treated with limb sparing resections of pelvis. Diagnosis included chondrosarcoma (65), Ewing's sarcoma (25), osteogenic sarcoma (10), synovial sarcoma (3) and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, high grade sarcoma, epitheloid hemangiothelioma (1 each). Three patients had intralesional surgery because of erroneous pre-operative diagnosis of benign tumor and were excluded from final analysis. Remaining 103 patients underwent limb sparing resections with intent to achieve tumor free margins. In 1 case, an intraoperative cardiac event lead to the surgery being abandoned. Reconstruction was done in 2 of 38 cases that did not include resection of acetabulum. For 64 resections involving acetabulum various reconstruction modalities were used.

Results

Surgical margins were involved in 20 patients. Forty five patients had complications. 91 patients were available for follow up. Follow up of survivors ranged from 24 to 122 months (mean 55 months).Twenty one patients (23%) had local recurrence. Sixty patients are currently alive, 46 being continuously disease free. Overall survival was 67% at 5 years. Patients in whom acetabulum was retained had better function (mean MSTS score 27) compared to patients in whom acetabulum was resected (mean MSTS score 22).

Conclusions

Though complex and challenging, limb sparing surgery in non metastatic malignant tumors is oncologically safe and has better functional outcomes than after an amputation surgery.     

The reliability of submental flap for soft tissue reconstruction in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity

BackgroundThe submental island flap (SIF) is a reliable option for reconstruction of the defects of the oral cavity following cancer resection. Advantages include reliable axial vascular pedicle, low donor site morbidity, good functional and cosmetic outcome, shorter operative time and lower cost compared to free flap reconstruction.Materials and methodsA total of 32 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity were included in this study. All patients underwent resection and immediate reconstruction with SIF pedicled the submental vessels. Donor and recipient site morbidity, functional outcome, and locoregional recurrences are reported.ResultsThe study included 22 males (69%) and 10 females. The mean age was 54 years (range of 31–79 years). The most common primary tumor site was the tongue (15 patients, 47%), followed by the buccal mucosa, alveolar margin, floor of mouth, lower lip and hard palate. In 25 patients (78%) the flap survived completely. Complete flap loss occurred in one patient (3%). Six patients (19%) developed complications related to flap vascularity. 21 patients (66%) resumed normal diet, while 11 patients (34%) tolerated only soft diet. Over a median follow up was of 15 months (range of 3–62 months), 21 patients (66%) are alive and disease free, while 8 patients died, of whom 4 of locoreginal recurrences.ConclusionsSIF is reliable for reconstruction of the intraoral soft tissue defects following cancer resection. The functional and cosmetic outcomes are satisfactory and donor site morbidity is low. Careful patient selection is necessary for favorable outcome.     

Value of routine intraoperative frozen sections of proximal bile duct margins in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma,a retrospective multicenter and matched case-control study

BackgroundCurrently, the potential benefits of additional resection after positive proximal intraoperative frozen sections (IFS) in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) on residual disease and oncological outcome remain uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the number of R0 resections after additional resection of a positive proximal IFS and the influence of additional resections on overall survival (OS) in patients with pCCA.Materials and methodsA retrospective, multicenter, matched case-control study was performed, including patients undergoing resection for pCCA between 2000 and 2019 at three tertiary centers. Primary outcome was the number of achieved ‘additional’ R0 resections. Secondary outcomes were OS, recurrence, severe morbidity and mortality.ResultsForty-four out of 328 patients undergoing resection for pCCA had a positive proximal IFS. An additional resection was performed in 35 out of 44 (79.5%) patients, which was negative in 24 (68.6%) patients. Nevertheless, seven out of these 24 patients were eventually classified as R1 resection due to other positive resection margins. Therefore, 17 (48.6%) patients could be classified as “true” R0 resection after additional resection. Ninety-day mortality after R1 resections was high (25%) and strongly influenced OS. After correction for 90-day mortality, median OS after negative additional resection was 33 months (95%CI:29.5–36.5) compared to 30 months (95%CI:24.4–35.6) after initial R1 (P = 0.875) and 46 months (95%CI:32.7–59.3) after initial R0 (P = 0.348).ConclusionThere were only 17 patients (out of a total of 328 patients) that potentially benefitted from routine IFS. Additional resection for a positive IFS leading to R0 resection was not associated with improved long-term survival.