创新集成与我国医药企业竞争战略研究

目的 :为我国医药企业制定切实可行的竞争战略提供参考。方法 :立足于我国医药企业 ,对其主要外部环境进行了充分详细的分析 ,又深刻地剖析了我国医药企业的现状。结果与结论 :我国医药企业在市场竞争中既有有利的条件 ,又有不利的因素。为此 ,我国医药企业只有进行科技创新、管理创新、组织创新、地域创新和市场创新的创新集成 ,才能立于不败之地     

为监管机关职能转变提供支点 为医药企业科学发展奉献智慧 《医药企业发展研究》专栏征稿启事

经典范例——进教材,传天下,经世育人权威传播——播真理,铸品牌,共创未来为了促进我国医药企业的科学发展,探索医药企业管理的创新模式,借鉴优秀医药企业的先进管理经验,同时为企业树立形象、打造品牌,由《中国食品药品监管》杂志社与四川大学华西公共卫生学院医药     

浅析我国医药企业的形象战略

在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中，我国医药企业也逐渐从政府的襁褓中走入了充满竞争的市场，其市场以及竞争意识均有所加强，产品质量及服务水平也都有了较大的提高。可实际上，产品质量及服务水平并不是市场竞争的唯一因素，企业的知名度、商业信誉、品牌等企业形象因素在市场竞争中同样发挥了十分重要的作用。     

信息

国有医药企业应积极应对入世 有关专家分析认为,我国一旦加入WTO,国有医药企业将面临多方面挑战。认识国有医药企业管理的现状,找出差距,提高医药企业的管理水平,在新的市场竞争中能够占有一席之地,是我国医药企业目前的重要工作。首先是进入我国的大型跨国制药公司的直接挑战。国际跨国制药集团进入中国医药市场的目的:一是开拓中国的医药市场,推销其产品和服务;二是将     

信息荟萃

国有医药企业实现管理现代化,是中国加入WTO后企业生存与发展的迫切需要。就目前我国国有医药企业的管理现状来看,需要在以下几方面加快企业管理与国际接轨的步伐: 1.管理思想与国际接轨 医药企业的管理思想和经营理念必须跟上并融入世界的潮流,树立和强化市场观念;必须有效地参与市场竞争,及时地掌握和反馈市场信息,调整营销策略;必须强化法制观念,依法     

一月回眸

郑局长谈中国医药企业入世后的８个变化 国家药品监督管理局局长郑筱萸最近指出，下一步医药流通企业的整顿方向是，批发企业要减少，零售企业要增加。中国入世后，我国的医药企业发展将面临８个方面的变化： １．市场经济范围迅速扩大，医药企业国际竞争国内化；２．医药市场的竞争由单个企业之间的竞争转向整体企业之间的竞争；３．市场竞争将由生产能力的竞争转向能生产多少适销对路的产品；４．市场竞争将由产品的竞争转向品牌的竞争，更多的跨国公司会进入中国市场，塑造全球统一的品牌；５．市场竞争由单纯追求市场份额，转变为市场快…     

从药品的特殊属性谈医药企业的服务营销

目的 :探讨我国医药企业在市场竞争日益激烈的现状下的服务营销策略选择。方法 :分析处方药品和非处方药品的服务特性 ,并介绍药品市场营销的新观念———服务营销的发展及应用。结果与结论 :医药企业的服务营销应针对处方药品走服务的差异化、有形化、规范化道路 ;针对非处方药品走服务的标准化、技巧化、品牌化道路。     

医药企业人力资源状况调查及其思考

目的 :研讨我国医药企业人力资源管理与创新人力资源管理。方法 :参考有关文献并对我国医药企业人力资源现状进行调查、分析。结果与结论 :医药企业只有不断提高人力资源管理水准 ,实践创新的管理方式 ,才能取得企业和社会的长期效益     

医药产品的品牌定位策略

目的 :为我国医药企业产品的品牌定位提供参考。方法 :简述医药产品品牌定位的涵义及其基础 ,提出医药产品品牌定位的策略。结果与结论 :在市场细分化、消费个性化的今天 ,医药产品的品牌定位是否成功 ,直接关系到企业的生存与发展     

国际化形势下:中国医药企业的发展之路五重奏奏响国际化竞争序曲

<正> 主持人:中国加入世贸组织后,面对全球经济一体化的时代大环境,全球实力强大的国际化医药企业展开了激烈的市场争夺战。在这种国际化形势下,中国医药企业面临着特定的机遇与严峻的挑战,甚至有些医药企业显露出自身某方面的竞争弱势。是生存还是“消亡”?面对企业的生存危机,诸多医药企业开始了阵痛后的反思和压力下的奋起,纷纷寻找自身的发展出路。当然,我国也不乏有一些成功探索出国际化发展战略的知名医药企业,对于如何参与国际化市场竞争,他们在不断进行着深层次的思考。     

药店如何做好药学服务的思考

目的:促进药学服务工作在药店的开展。方法:结合工作实践,从多角度提出建议。结果与结论:药学服务是药店品牌建设、差异化竞争的制胜手段。广大消费者需要高质量的药学服务,而实施优良药房工作规范是做好药学服务的有效途径。     

北京地区22家医院抗高血压药物门诊处方调查分析

目的 :了解北京地区抗高血压药物的使用状况及发展趋势。方法 :采用协和医院《医院处方分析》系统 ,对1999年第2季度北京22家医院门诊处方抗高血压药物进行统计和分析。结果 :22家医院使用抗高血压药物共36种 ,51个品牌 ;钙拮抗剂占31 18 % ,ACEI占17 12 % ;用药频度最高的为硝苯地平、吲达帕胺、美托洛尔 ;金额靠前的为氨氯地平、洛汀新、拜心同。结论 :开发国产的长效制剂及新的复方降压药 ,是适应新的抗高血压指南和中国国情的需要。     

Phototoxicity of coproporphyrin as a novel photodynamic therapy was enhanced by liposomalization

This study attempted the liposomalization of coproporphyrin I (CPI) with hydrophobic properties. Liposomalization of CPI was not successful at any pH when using lactate buffer. In contrast, when using 9% sucrose/10mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), CPI liposomes (Lipo-CPI) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) modified liposomes (PEG-CPI) were prepared with a high entrapment ratio of CPI and small particle size. Plasma CPI concentration at 6h after PEG-CPI injection were 6.5-fold greater than that after the injection of Lipo-CPI. In tumors, the CPI concentration was higher after PEG-CPI injection than after Lipo-CPI or CPI solution. Therefore, PEG-CPI was likely to increase blood circulation and achieve greater accumulation of CPI in the tumor. When loaded into tumor cells, photosensitizers generate singlet oxygen during laser irradiation, resulting in the induction of necrosis in the cells. The order of magnitude of CPI tumor cells uptake was PEG-CPI>Lipo-CPI>CPI solution. Thus, the PEG modification of CPI liposomes improved its tumor cell uptake. Furthermore, it is likely that the order of the ability to produce singlet oxygen was PEG-CPI [symbol: see text] Lipo-CPI>CPI solution. The cytotoxicity of PEG-CPI was significantly greater than the other formulations, suggesting that the cytotoxicity reflected the CPI concentration in tumor cells. In conclusion, PEG-CPI was confirmed to show effective tissue distribution, elevated CPI concentration in the tumor cells, to produce singlet oxygen, and cytotoxicity by PDT.     

试论非处方药的品牌定位、管理与传播

目的为制药企业非处方药(OTC)的品牌定位、管理与传播提供参考。方法阐述品牌及品牌战略的概念,探讨OTC的品牌定位、管理与传播的方法。结果与结论建立并管理好品牌是制药企业实现差异化战略的有效方法之一,良好的品牌理念对制药企业的发展至关重要。     

Compound–protein interaction prediction by deep learning: Databases,descriptors and models

The screening of compound–protein interactions (CPIs) is one of the most crucial steps in finding hit and lead compounds. Deep learning (DL) methods for CPI prediction can address intrinsic limitations of traditional HTS and virtual screening with the advantage of low cost and high efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive survey of DL-based CPI prediction. It first summarizes popular databases of small-molecule compounds, proteins and binding complexes. Then, it outlines classical representations of compounds and proteins in turn. After that, this review briefly introduces state-of-the-art DL-based models in terms of design paradigms and investigates their prediction performance. Finally, it indicates current challenges and trends toward better CPI prediction and sketches out crucial approaches toward practical applications.     

Challenges and strategies for successful clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors in glioblastoma

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an incurable tumor with median overall survival of 15 months with the best standard of care. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) have been the forefront of immunotherapy advances for treatment of various solid cancers. However, clinical development of CPI in GBM has been challenging due to factors associated with intracranial tumors such as limited space for an inflammatory response, difficulties with repeated sampling, and low tumor mutation burden and immunosuppressive mechanisms unique to GBM.

Areas covered: Herein, the authors review the clinical development of CPI in GBM, the challenges involved for their successful implementation, and discuss approaches to overcome these challenges.

Expert opinion: Strategies to improve clinical development of CPI in GBM need to carefully address multiple steps that are needed for successful activation and maintenance of tumor-specific immune responses. Multi-modality approaches are needed to achieve this goal and should focus on augmenting tumor T-cell infiltration, activating cytotoxic T-cells, and maintaining their effector function. CPI have been the most successful immunotherapy approach in the treatment of solid cancers and optimization of combinatorial approaches are needed for their successful implementation in GBM.     

我国非专利药市场存在的问题与制药企业的市场发展策略探讨

目的:为我国制药企业确立非专利药市场发展策略提供参考。方法:以市场营销学原理为基础,采用文献检索和实证分析法。结果与结论:总结出我国非专利药市场存在的主要问题,并提出根据企业特点,选择特色品种;实现营销创新,关注农村市场,扩大市场份额;建立战略联盟,合作竞争,打造非专利药龙头;创立非专利药品牌,占领高端市场等可行的策略。     

Adenine nucleotide and calpain inhibitor I protect against atractyloside-induced toxicity in rat renal cortical slices in vitro

Atractyloside is a compound with a documented nephrotoxicity. It induces renal tubular necrosis at high doses and apoptosis at lower doses. This study investigates the potential protective effect of some chemical agents against atractyloside-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro using the precision-cut rat renal cortical slices obtained from kidneys of Wistar rats. For co-incubation experiments, slices were incubated for 3 h at 37 degrees C on a rocker platform with various chemical agents: ADP (5 mM), calpain inhibitor I (CPI, 1 mM), stevioside (STV, 2.5 mM) or probenecid (PRB, 2.5 mM) in the presence or absence of atractyloside (2 mM). For pre-incubation experiments, slices were incubated with the same chemical agents for 1 h before exposure to atractyloside. The nephrotoxic effects of atractyloside (2 mM) alone were manifested in several ways: by a marked increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) leakage, significant inhibition of p-aminohippurate (PAH) accumulation, marked depletion of intracellular ATP and reduced glutathione (GSH), and a significant reduction in pyruvate-stimulated gluconeogenesis. Co-incubation of slices with ADP or CPI and atractyloside completely blocked atractyloside-induced increase in LDH leakage, but not ALP leakage. Atractyloside-induced depletion of ATP and reduced gluconeogenesis was prevented by co-incubation with ADP or CPI. Furthermore, co-incubation of slices with STV and atractyloside, but not PRB, completely abolished atractyloside-induced depletion of ATP and decreased gluconeogenesis in the slices. Pre-incubation of slices with either ADP or CPI protected against atractyloside-induced increase in LDH leakage, reduced ATP and decreased gluconeogenesis. PAH uptake in the slices was inhibited by atractyloside and PRB in a time-dependent manner. While ADP and CPI were found to exert complete protection against atractyloside-induced toxicity irrespective of treatment schedule, STV is effective only under certain conditions, and PRB offer no protection at all. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of renal cortical slices as toxicology tool for evaluating and screening compounds for their potential protective effects, and are supportive of a role of adeninine nucleotide (ADP) and protease inhibitor (CPI) in protecting against atractyloside-induced cell injury.     

竹叶椒片对大肠杆菌所致大鼠慢性盆腔炎的治疗作用

目的:研究竹叶椒片对大肠杆菌所致大鼠慢性盆腔炎的治疗作用。方法:采用大肠杆菌O-B4标准菌株的菌液注入大鼠子宫内,制备大鼠慢性盆腔炎动物模型。大鼠分6组:假手术组、模型组、竹叶椒大、中、小剂量组和妇科千金片组,分别给予相应药物,每天ig 2次,连续21 d。然后测定大鼠免疫功能并进行大鼠子宫组织形态学观察。结果:给药组大鼠血清凝集素效价显著升高,淋巴细胞转化指数也明显提高,组织形态学观察发现给药组大鼠慢性盆腔炎病理改变明显减轻。结论:竹叶椒片对大肠杆菌所致大鼠慢性盆腔炎有明显治疗作用。