DNA甲基化在泌尿系统肿瘤中的研究及应用

肾癌、膀胱癌和前列腺癌是常见的三种泌尿系统恶性肿瘤,其中膀胱癌曾经是最常见的泌尿男生殖系肿瘤,近年来肾癌和前列腺癌的发病率也显著上升.2005年,这3种肿瘤均已列入上海市男性恶性肿瘤发病率前10位.因此,这3种泌尿系统肿瘤的发病机制、诊断及治疗的研究成为泌尿外科的研究热点.     

《临床泌尿外科杂志》2001年各期重点

第1期良性前列腺增生第2期泌尿男生殖系肿瘤第3期腔道泌尿外科和内窥镜第4期泌尿系结石的外科治疗第5期泌尿男生殖系结核第6期泌尿系肿瘤 第7期良性前列腺增生第8期肾积水和肾上腺疾病第9期泌尿外科疾病的诊断第10期泌尿外科疾病的治疗第11期肾、输尿管结石第12期新技术、新经验及其他     

泌尿男生殖系多原发恶性肿瘤(附22例报告)

目的　探讨泌尿男生殖系多原发恶性肿瘤的发病率及预后。　方法　回顾性分析近 8年收治的 2 2例多原发恶性肿瘤的发病率、第 1及第 2恶性肿瘤间隔时间及预后。　结果　泌尿男生殖系多原发恶性肿瘤占同期收治的泌尿男生殖系恶性肿瘤的 3 .2 % ,7例同时发病者存活时间平均 15个月 ;异时发生 15例中 3例存活 7个月～ 5年 ,12例在第 2癌治疗后 8个月至 15年仍存活。　结论　泌尿男生殖系多原发恶性肿瘤近年有增加趋势 ,第 1癌治疗后应密切随访 ,及早发现和正确治疗第 2原发癌是延长生存期的关键     

《坎贝尔泌尿外科学》(第七版)征订启事

《坎贝尔泌尿外科学》是国际公认的最权威的泌尿外科学专著 ,由国际上 16 1位著名医学专家参与编写 ,本书为英文影印版 ,定价 6 5 0元。另有《男生殖系常见疾病》(郭应禄主编 ) 5 5元、《尿流改道和膀胱替代成形术》(叶章群主编 ) 72元、《泌尿外科手术创新与改良》(陆曙光译 ) 2 48元、《泌尿系内镜检查》(张旭主编 ) 110元、《泌尿、男生殖系肿瘤》(郭应禄主编 ) 78元、《泌尿男生殖系统肿瘤学》(贺大林主编 ) 78元、《泌尿生殖系统急症》(贾汝汉主编 ) 84元、《现代泌尿外科学》(马腾骧主编 ) 88元、《前列腺癌的基础理论与临床》(夏同礼…     

上海市虹口区1991～1998年泌尿男生殖系疾病死亡率分析

目的：分析90年代泌尿男生殖系疾病死亡率的变动情况。方法：根据虹口区1991－1998年居民病伤死亡报表,应用Epi-In fo软件录入数据,SAS软件进行统计分析。结果：1991－1998年间因泌尿男生殖系疾病死亡者1130人,其中男性749人,女性381人。泌尿男生殖系疾病死亡占总死亡率 的2．08％,男性为2．58％,女性为1．51％。泌尿男生殖系疾病死因前五位依次为肾炎和肾病变、膀胱癌、前列腺良性疾病、前列腺癌、肾癌。比较80年代与90年代泌尿男生殖系死亡率,发现膀胱癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、前列腺良性疾病死亡率有所升高,尤以前列腺癌、前列腺良性疾病明显。肾炎和肾病变、肾盂肾炎、尿毒症和肾衰死亡率不同程度降低。结论：分析结果提示,泌尿男生殖系疾病谱已发生变化,表现为前列腺癌、前列腺良性疾病死亡率明显升高,需加强前列腺疾病防治工作。     

遗传与家族性泌尿男生殖系肿瘤

肿瘤是一类多基因病 ,在泌尿男生殖系肿瘤中 ,临床上可分为家族性和散发性两大类 ,家族性的肿瘤 ,遗传因素在肿瘤的发生发展中有决定性作用。本文兹就常见的家族性泌尿男生殖系肿瘤 ,包括肾肿瘤、尿路上皮肿瘤、前列腺癌、肾上腺肿瘤等的分子和细胞遗传学研究现状作一综述     

2012年全国泌尿男生殖系统肿瘤学术会议热点报道

由中国抗癌协会泌尿男生殖系肿瘤专业委员会主办,中华医学会泌尿外科学分会协办,广州军区武汉总医院承办的第七届泌尿男生殖系统肿瘤学术会议于2012年4月6～8日在武汉成功召开。7日下午进行了专家组病例讨论,主要讨论了肌层膀胱癌的治疗、中央型小肾癌治疗的选择、前列腺癌根治手术方式的选择及优势如何?在讨论过程中,专家     

2000年全国铁路泌尿外科学术会议召开

20 0 0年全国铁路泌尿外科学术会议于 9月 2 2～ 2 5日在苏州市召开。会议期间成立了第三届中国铁道学会医学分会泌尿外科专业组 ,同济大学医学院附属铁路医院黄国华教授被推举为主任委员。会议共收到论文 1 38篇 ,近百名与会代表就尿路结石、前列腺疾病及泌尿男生殖系肿瘤等方     

男生殖系肿瘤

我国泌尿男生殖系统肿瘤地发病率中膀胱癌、肾癌、前列腺癌居前三位，阴茎癌的发病率则由建国初期的第二下降到目前的第四位，睾丸肿瘤则仍居第五位。就男生殖系统肿瘤的发病率而言，前三位的排位是前列腺癌、阴茎癌、睾丸肿瘤。现以这三种肿瘤为主，介绍临床科研方面主要进展。前列腺癌前列腺癌发病率已由５０年代的０２／１０万人口升至９０年代的１２～３４／１０万人口，６０年代仅占泌尿男生殖系肿瘤的３３％，７０年代已达６５％，但与欧美国家的１０２／１０万人口发病相比，我国前列腺癌发病率仍然较低，但有逐渐增高趋势…     

江苏省第八次泌尿外科学术会议召开

江苏省第八次泌尿外科学术会议于 2 0 0 3年 7月 16日至 2 0日在江苏省苏州市举行。本次大会共收到会议征文 30 9篇 ,全面反映了江苏省泌尿外科学界近年来所取得的成就和进展。来自全省各级医疗机构的泌尿外科专科医务人员 2 5 0余人参加了此次会议。会议期间 ,代表们围绕腔内泌尿外科技术、前列腺疾病、泌尿男生殖系肿瘤、肾上腺疾病、器官移植、尿控学、泌尿系损伤、男科等多个专题进行了热烈的讨论和交流 ,代表们还聆听了国内省内著名泌尿外科专家所作的专题讲座。大会选举产生了江苏省医学会第六届泌尿外科专科委员会 ,南京大学医学院附…     

Multiple primary cancers limited to the urological field

We analyzed the clinical features of multiple primary cancers arising from the urogenital organs. Between January 1980 and December 1999, 300 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 661 patients with urothelial carcinoma (bladder cancer and renal pelvic-ureteral cancer) (TCC) and 391 patients with prostate cancer (PC) were treated at our hospital. Of these patients, 20 patients had double genitourinary cancers. The double cancers consisted of RCC and TCC in 1 case, RCC and PC in 6 cases, and TCC and PC in 13 cases. Seven cases had synchronous tumors. The average interval in the metachronous cases was 68 (range: 12-209) months. The age at diagnosis of the second cancer was 68-94 (mean: 77.6) years old. The follow-up period ranged from 4-168 (mean: 38) months; Six patients are alive with no evidence of disease and 6 patients died of cancer. Even when limited to the urological section, the frequency of multiple primary cancers is increasing.     

Inpatient surgery in California: 1990-2000

BACKGROUND: The practice environment for surgery is changing. However, little is known regarding the trends or current status of inpatient surgery at a population level. HYPOTHESIS: Inpatient surgical care has changed significantly over the last 10 years. DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis of California inpatient discharge data (January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2000). SETTING: All 503 nonfederal acute care hospitals in California. PATIENTS: All inpatients undergoing general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgery in California from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2000, were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Volume, mean age, comorbidity profile, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality were obtained for inpatient general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgical procedures performed during the period 1990 to 2000. Rates of change and trends were evaluated for the 10-year period. RESULTS: Between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2000, 1.64 million surgical procedures were performed. The number of surgical procedures increased 20.4%, from 135,795 in 1990 to 163,468 in 2000. Overall, patients were older and had more comorbid disease in 2000 compared with 1990. Both crude and adjusted (by type of operation) in-hospital mortality decreased from 3.9% in 1990 to 2.75% (P<.001) and 2.58% (P<.001), respectively, in 2000. Length of hospital stay decreased over the period for all operations analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The total number of inpatient general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgical procedures has increased over the past decade. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the outcomes of care (eg, in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay) for patients who undergo general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgical procedures have improved. However, continued evaluations at the population level are needed.     

Clinical statistics on inpatients and operations in the urological department of the Omori Red Cross Hospital (January, 1981 to December, 1985

The statistics obtained for the 716 inpatients and 550 operations at our clinic between January 1981 and December 1985 were reviewed. The patients were most frequently in their sixties, and there was a predominance in males. The most frequent diseases of the inpatients were benign prostatic hypertrophies and bladder tumors. The most performed operations were also those for urological tumors.     

Clinical statistics at the Department of Urology, Kitano Hospital (1968-1986)

A clinical statistic survey was carried out on the patients, diseases and operations experienced at our department between 1968 and 1986. In 1968, the urological department became independent from the dermato-urological department, and in 1981 the urological ward was established. The 19 years are divided in three periods; first period: 1968-1974 (7 years), second period: 1975-1981 (7 years), and third period: 1982-1986 (5 years). The total number of new outpatients during the 19 years was 50,443. They have gradually but steadily increased and have reached recently about 4,000 per year. The total number of inpatients was 3,422 (male: 2,561, female: 861). The proportion of the elderly patients, especially male, has remarkably increased and that of patients more than 60 years old was 44.9% of all inpatients in the third period. Among the major diseases of the inpatients, tumors has got most remarkable increase of its number and proportion. And among tumors, increases of benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder cancer, prostatic cancer were prominent and at the third period the proportion of those three has reached 81.3% of all tumors. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) and transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUUL) were introduced in 1985. Recently endoscopical operations such as transurethral resection (TUR), PNL, TUUL and so forth have become a large part of the urological operations.     

The potentially curable prostate cancer patient and the pathways leading to diagnosis and treatment

OBJECTIVE: Potentially curable prostate cancer is a diagnostic challenge for the general practitioner (GP). In a defined catchment area we wanted to discover why patients consulted their GPs and the reasons for their referral to the urologist. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients remitted to our "early prostate cancer clinic" with suspected potentially curable prostate cancer between January 1997 and December 2000 were included in the study. Patient information was registered according to a prospectively designed protocol. RESULTS: Of the 872 patients examined, prostate cancer was diagnosed in 41.3% (360/872). Median age was 63.1 years and median total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.6 microg/l. The main reason for referral to a urologist was elevated PSA alone. However, the majority of the patients had no urological symptoms when they consulted their GP. As no local or national screening recommendations existed, we believe that opportunistic PSA screening has been common. CONCLUSIONS: The most important reason for referring patients to our specialist clinic was elevated PSA, often detected by means of opportunistic PSA screening. This study shows the effect of PSA testing in real-life practice.     

The evaluation of cystoscopy in the screening of asymptomatic microhematuria

As a prospective study on asymptomatic microhematuria, complete urological examinations including cystoscopy, IVP, ultrasound and urinary cytology were performed on 422 patients over 40 years old between January 1987 and December 1988 (group A). The results of group A was compared with that of retrospective study on 266 patients, who had incomplete urological examination between January 1984 and December 1985 (group B). Cystoscopy was performed on 321 patients (87.2%) in group A and on 108 patients (40.6%) in group B. Bladder tumor was found in 10 cases (2.4%) in group A, including 7 cases of male patients (5.7%), but in only 1 case (0.4%) in group B. Since the negative rate of abnormal urinary cytology was 50% and that of abnormal IVP was 90% in 10 cases of bladder tumor in group A, cystoscopy was considered to be an essential examination for the screening of patients with asymptomatic microhematuria over 40 years old patients.     

The value of using urinary red cell volume distribution curve of patients with positive urinary occult blood detected in a mass examination

PURPOSE: We investigated the usefulness of the urinary red blood cell volume distribution curve (RVDC) for screening patients who are positive for asymptomatic urinary occult blood on mass examination. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 200 individuals over 40 years old (44 men with a median age of 53.4 years and 156 women with a median age of 57.2 years) who were positive for urinary occult blood on mass examination between January 1993 and December 1994. The subjects were classified into three groups based on the pattern of their RVDC. Group NG showed a nonglomerular pattern, group M showed a mixed pattern, and group G showed a glomerular pattern. The urological examinations performed included DIP, ultrasound of the kidney and urinary bladder and urethrocystoscopy. To investigate the prognosis, a questionnaire was sent to all subjects in September 1999 in which they were asked about the state of their disease during the period since the initial examination. RESULTS: Group G consisted of 192 patients, or almost all of the subjects (96%). There were five patients (2.5%) who had serious urological diseases, including two with bladder cancer, and all were found in Groups NG and M. During the period from initial examination until the prognosis survey (mean of 5.7 year), one patient in group G developed both bladder and ureteral cancer. The CVDC showed a mixed pattern when this patient was discovered. CONCLUSION: RVDC was useful for screening patients who were found to be positive for urinary occult blood on mass examination. When the RVDC shows a non-glomerular or mixed pattern, detailed urological examination including endoscopy is necessary.     

317例前列腺癌诊断分析

目的　提高前列腺癌的诊断水平。　方法　回顾性分析 317例前列腺癌患者的临床资料 ,对前列腺癌的筛选诊断方法进行统计分析。　结果　 317例前列腺癌占同期泌尿外科住院患者总数的 2 .2 % ,为同期泌尿生殖系肿瘤患者的 9.8%。近 10年收治的新病例数为前 2 0年的 4 .2倍。临床应用PSA检测后确诊为前列腺癌的患者数 (2 11例 )和T1～T2 患者的比例 (6 0 .2 % )显著高于PSA检测应用前 (10 6例 ,5 0 .0 % )。单项PSA、直肠指检 (DRE)及经直肠前列腺超声 (TRUS)检查的诊断阳性率为 86 .1%～ 89.1%。而当PSA结合DRE或TRUS任何一项检查时 ,阳性率可提高至 99.0 %。相关分析显示 :血清PSA与临床分期、病理分级及肿瘤体积显著相关。　结论　近 10年前列腺癌患者的住院人数呈增高趋势。血清PSA检测对于发现早期肿瘤具有重要意义。PSA与DRE、TRUS是筛选诊断前列腺癌的主要方法 ,三者结合可提高诊断阳性率与准确率     

Clinical statistics on inpatients and operations at the Department of Urology, the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, 1984-1988

Statistical observation on inpatients and operations at our department between January 1984 and December 1988 revealed the following results: 1) The total number of inpatients was 1962 (male: 1658, female: 304). The most frequent diseases were bladder cancer (30.0%), benign prostatic hypertrophy (19.2%), prostatic cancer (10.6%) and renal cancer (6.7%). 2) The total number of operations was 1699. The most frequent operations were transurethral resection (TUR) of bladder tumor (22.8%), TUR prostate (20.7%), TUR biopsy (6.5%) and total cystectomy (5.4%).