西安市中老年女性能量摄入水平与肥胖的关系

目的探讨西安市中老年女性人群能量摄入水平与肥胖超重的关系。方法采用国际常用的有效性高的半定量化食物频率调查表(FFQ)收集膳食状况信息,采用四分位数将个体的总能量摄入量分为低能量、中能量、高能量和较高能量摄入四级。控制年龄、月人均收入、教育程度、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒和体力活动水平后,分析能量摄入水平对肥胖的影响。结果低能量、中能量、高能量和较高能量摄入者的超重肥胖粗率分别为23.1%、28.3%、35.7%和42.3%。控制其他因素后,随膳食营养的能量摄入水平增加,超重肥胖发生的危险性增加。与低能量摄入者相比,中能量、高能量和较高能量摄入者发生超重肥胖的危险性分别增加了16%、26%和41%。体力活动不足、教育程度低和高收入也是肥胖的独立危险因素。结论膳食营养的能量摄入水平是影响西安市中老年女性人群超重肥胖的一个独立危险因素,较高能量摄入的城市低教育水平中老年在婚女性是超重肥胖的高危人群。     

336例初治菌阳肺结核患者膳食状况调查分析

目的调查分析我国东、中、西部地区五市（区、县）的初治菌阳肺结核患者的膳食状况及相关影响因素。方法对2013年7月至2014年6月在广东省广州市番禺区、黑龙江省哈尔滨市五常县、四川省绵阳市江油市、云南省昆明市东川区和广西壮族自治区百色市平果县[简称“五市（区、县）”]结核病防治所就诊的初治菌阳肺结核患者685例,采用方便抽样的方法抽取18岁及以上符合纳入条件的患者340例进行面对面问卷调查,收回340份问卷,问卷有效率98．8％（336／340）。调查内容包括患者的基本情况（包括性别、年龄、家庭收入、文化程度、工作性质、吸烟情况等）及膳食摄入情况。以《中国居民膳食指南》推荐成年居民最低每日摄入量作为各类食物摄入不足的参照标准,用简化的“半定量食物频率法”估算其诊断前一年各类食物平均每日摄入量。采用多因素非条件logistic回归分析供热量食物、供蛋白质食物摄入不足及两类食物均摄入不足的影响因素。结果336例患者每日摄入量谷薯类为（334．9±186．3）g、蛋类（31．7±40．1）g、大豆及其制品（35．0±45．2）g,均达到了每日推荐摄入量[（250~400g）,（25~50g）,（30~50g）];而鱼虾类[（18．5±28．1）g]、奶及奶制品[（25．2±51．3）g]、畜禽肉类[（160．4±115．5）g]均低于或高于每日最低推荐摄入量最高值[（50～100g）,300g,（50～70g）],3类食物的平均摄入量与每日推荐摄入量的差异均有统计学意义（f=-20．55,t=-98．12,t=17．52,P值均〈0．01）。供热能食物（谷薯类）摄入不足者占26．5％（89／336）,供蛋白质食物摄入不足者占44．6％（150／336）,供热量和蛋白质食物均摄入不足者占15．5％（52／336）,100．0％（336／336）的调查对象奶类均摄入不足,90．8％（305／336）调查对象鱼虾类食物摄入不足。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,脑力劳动是蛋白质食物摄入不足的危险因素[β=0．65,Waldχ2=4．52,P=0．034,OR（95％CI）值：1．91（1．05～3．48）],初中、高中及以上文化程度是热量食物摄入不足的保护因素[β=-O．89,Waldχ2=5．38,P=0．020,OR（95％CI）值：O．41（0．19～0．87）;β=-0．93,Waldχ2=5．15,P=0．023,OR（95％CI）值：0．40（0．18～0．88）],年龄≥60岁是供热量和蛋白质食物均摄入不足的保护因素[β=-0．81,Waldχ2=3．91,p=0．048,OR（95％CI）值：0．45（0．20～0．99）]。结论五市（区、县）初治菌阳肺结核患者中供热量食物和供蛋白质食物摄入不足者比例都比较高,且存在膳食摄入种类不平衡,不同劳动性质、文化程度及年龄对患者膳食摄入影响不同。     

云南农村地区冠心病危险因素的分布

目的：调查云南省农村地区50～70岁人群冠心病危险因素的分布,为该地区冠心病的防治和干预提供科学依据。方法：采用分层随机抽样方法,共抽取云南省四个县区11个农村地区中50-70岁人群540人进行现况调查,使用SPSSll．0软件进行统计学分析。结果：云南省农村50～70岁人群高血压病、超重／肥胖、高胆固醇和糖尿病的患病率分别为42．4％、15．7％、36．8％和0．6％,吸烟率为36．7％,饮酒率为33．5％。各民族问高血压病、超重／肥胖的患病率和饮酒率存在显著差异（P〈0．01）。白族和纳西族超重／肥胖率显著高于汉族、彝族、傈僳族;藏族高血压病与饮酒率高于汉族、彝族、傈僳族,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。高血压病、肥胖的患病率随年龄的增长而增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。女性超重／月巴胖率（18．7％）显著高于男性（12．5％,P〈0．05）,男性吸烟率、饮酒率及高血压病患病率（66．1％、54．9％和47．5％）显著高于女性（9．9％、14．1％和37．8％,均P〈0．05）。结论：云南省农村地区冠心病的危险因素在国内处于较高水平,民族间某些危险因素的分布存在显著差异。     

冠脉钙化危险因素与血清骨桥蛋白相关性分析

目的：探讨冠脉钙化（CAC）的独立危险因素，进一步分析血清骨桥蛋白（OPN）与CAC及其危险因素的相关性。方法：据64层螺旋CT冠脉造影结果连续入选65例患者，分为冠脉钙化（CAC）组（37例）和非冠脉钙化（UCAC）对照组（28例），用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定血清OPN水平。分别进行单因素和多因素Logis-tic回归分析研究冠脉钙化的危险因素，血清OPN与CAC危险因素的相关性采用Spearman’s相关分析。结果：1、将单因素Logistic回归分析有统计学意义的年龄、高血压，糖尿病，饮食习惯不佳，缺乏运动，超重（OR=3．47～12．96，P=0．018-0．003）等变量引入多因素Logistic回归分析，结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、超重、睡眠质量差、饮食习惯不佳是CAC的独立危险因素，OR为35．31～5．17，P〈0．01～d0．05；2、CAC组血清OPN水平显著高于UCAC组[（39．919±11．879）ug／L比（24．000±6．000）愕／L，P〈0．013；3、Spearman’s直线相关分析显示血清OPN水平与CAC危险因素：LDL—C、超重、年龄、TC呈正相关（r=0．487-0．286，P〈0．001～〈0．05），与睡眠质量差、糖尿病、不良饮食习惯、缺乏运动呈正相关（r=4．10～2．24，P〈0．01～〈0．05）；与HDL-C呈负相关（r=-0．250，P〈0．05）。结论：相关分析显示年龄、超重、睡眠质量差、不良饮食习惯等是CAC独立危险因素；血清OPN水平与LDL—C、超重、年龄、糖尿病、缺乏运动等相关。这说明应降低OPN水平，减少CAC危险因素，以减轻冠脉钙化、减慢其发展。     

焦炉暴露与高血压相关危险因素交互作用研究

目的研究焦炉暴露水平与吸烟、饮酒、体重、血脂、血糖等高血压相关危险因素的交互作用在焦炉工人高血压发病中的作用,探讨焦炉工人高血压发病的可能机制。方法选取某焦化厂367名男性工人为研究对象,其中焦炉工人290名（炉顶工144名、炉侧工75名、炉底工71名）,选取同厂的辅助工人（机电、材料、库工等）77名为对照。调查表收集个人基本信息,常规检测身高、体重、血压,全自动生化分析仪检测血清空腹血糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）。结果炉底组、炉侧组和炉顶组工人高血压患病率分别为33.8％、24．0％和43．8％,其中炉顶组与对照组（23．4％）相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、饮酒、超重、TG异常和焦炉暴露为高血压的危险因素,调整OR值分别为2．591、2．179、1．670、1．906和1．251。炉底和炉顶暴露与饮酒、TG之间存在超相乘模型的正向交互作用（y值均〉1）;炉顶暴露与吸烟、BMI、HDL之间存在超相乘模型的正向交互作用（y值均〉1）。结论吸烟、饮酒、超重、TG异常和焦炉暴露是高血压的危险因素,焦炉暴露与吸烟、饮酒、BMI、TG和HDL存在超相乘模型的正向交互作用。     

原发性高血压并发心脑血管疾病患者的危险因素分析

目的：研究原发性高血压（EH）伴冠心病和／或脑血管病患者的临床特点，分析其相关的危险因素。方法：对55例EH伴冠心病和／或脑血管病患者，进行动脉硬化指数（ASI）测定，并检测患者的血尿酸、血糖、血脂、肌酐、尿素氮等血液生化指标及一般情况。另选不伴有冠心病、脑血管病的高血压患者63例作为对照。结果：与单纯高血压对照组比较，EH伴冠心病和／或脑血管的年龄大、病史时间长，ASI、脉压、血尿素氮水平明显升高（均P〈0.01）；收缩压、血尿酸、总胆固醇、肌酐水平也升高（均P〈0．05）；而舒张压（P〈0．01），心率（P〈0．05）却较低。多因素logistic回归分析显示：EH并发心脑血管疾病的相关危险因素有脉压、血肌酐、年龄（OR=1．204，1．120，1．099,P=0．028，0．045，0．039）；而血尿酸是负相关因素（OR=0．974，P=0．022）。结论：脉压、血肌酐水平和年龄可能是高血压患者并发心脑血管疾病的危险因素；血尿酸可能是一种保护因素。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者体质量指数与肺功能及HRCT气道重塑参数的相关性研究

目的探讨低体质量指数（bodymassindex,BMI）cOPD患者肺功能受损程度、临床及影像学特征。方法选取COPD急性加重期患者62例,根据BMI分为4组：低体重组（BMI％18．5kg／m2）、正常体重组（BMI18．5～23．9kg／m2）、超重组（BMI24．0H27．9kg／m2）、肥胖组（BMI≥28kg／m2）。所有患者进行慢性阻塞性肺疾病自我评估测试（COPDassessmenttest,CAT）问卷、肺功能检测及高分辨CT（highresolutionCT,HRcT）检查,并同时应用HRCT相关软件测定肺气肿评分、气道壁厚度及管腔面积等气道重塑指标。观察各组上述指标的变化,并研究其与BMI的相关性。结果①所有患者中低体重组患者12例,正常体重组患者30例,超重组患者7例,肥胖组患者13例,各组患者的年龄、性别、吸烟指数差异无统计学意义;②与正常体重、超重及肥胖患者比较,低体重患者FEV。％pred、MVV、Dt．co／VA％pred、FEV,／FVC均下降（P〈0．05）,而RV／TLc增高（P〈0．05）;③与正常体重、肥胖患者比较,低体重患者CAT评分增高（Pd0．05）;④与正常体重、超重及肥胖组患者比较,低体重组患者肺气肿评分高（Pd0．05）;⑤低体重患者管壁面积百分比（WA％pred）、壁厚与外径比率（TDR％pred）与各组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;⑥BMI与CAT评分、肺气肿评分、RV／TLC均呈负相关（r=-0．351,P〈0．05;r=-0．628,P〈0．05;r=-0．256,P〈0．05）,而与WA％pred、TDR％pred无相关性（P〉0．05）;BMI与FEV1／FVC、DLCO／VA％pred呈正相关（r=0．387,P〈0．05;r=0．549,P〈0．05）。结论低BMI的COPD患者肺气肿程度严重,通气及弥散功能明显下降,这对临床综合评估COPD病情的严重程度有一定帮助。     

体质量指数与食管裂孔疝及反流性食管炎关系的研究

目的探讨体质量指数（BMI）与食管裂孔疝（HH）及反流性食管炎（RE）的关系。方法具有典型反酸、烧心等症状的227例胃食管反流病（GERD）患者,根据BMI（单位：kg／m^2）将患者分为3组,正常组（18．5≤BMI〈24）、超重组（24≤BMI〈28）、肥胖组（BMI≥28）。胃镜诊断RE、非糜烂性反流病（NERD）及HH。pH监测DeMeester积分≥15提示存在病理性酸反流。Logistic回归分析BMI与HH及RE的关系。结果RE检出率为30．0％（68／227）,HH检出率为5．7％（13／227）;HH中76．9％（10／13）存在RE。RE及HH检出率随BMI增加而升高（P均〈0．05）,且正常组、超重组和肥胖组中B级及以上RE所占比例也随BMI增加而升高（6．4％、16．9％、31．6％,P=0．003）;pH监测DeMeester积分在上述3组分别为15．9、19．8和36．9,3组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,超重组患者下午、夜间及24h食管内平均pH值均明显低于正常组（P均〈0．01）。多因素分析显示,肥胖是HH的危险因素,OR值为7．058（95％可信区间1．294～38．488,P=0．024）。男性、超重、肥胖及HH是RE的危险因素,OR值分别为2．537（95％可信区间1．350～4．766,P=0．004）、1．921（95％可信区间1．005-3．670,P=0．048）、3．305（95％可信区间1．123～9．724,P=0．030）及6．879（95％可信区间1．695～27．913,P=0．007）。结论BMI与HH、RE及其严重程度显著相关,肥胖是HH及RE的共同危险因素,HH可促进RE的发生。     

不同性别脑梗死患者危险因素的比较

目的探讨不同性别脑梗死患者危险因素的差异。方法回顾性分析2006年全国33家三级甲等医院急性脑梗死住院患者1633例,年龄为18～94岁;男993例,女640例。设计统一调查病例表,内容包括：人口统计学资料（性别、年龄、居住地、文化程度及工作状态等）、既往史及危险因素等。结果①男女脑梗死住院患者的比例为1．55：1。女性发病年龄为（66±12）岁,高于男性的（65±12）岁,两者比较,P=0．049。②青年期（18～45岁）男性脑梗死的发生率显著高于女性,分别为74．39％和25．61％（P〈0．05）,其他年龄段亦均高于女性,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③两组患者居住地均以市区居高,差异无统计学意义;在男性患者中,中学文化程度以上卒中的发生率居高,女性文化程度低的卒中发生率居高,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=137．8,P=0．000）。女性患者无业人员高于男性,男性国家企业及退休人员患者高于女性,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=124．2,P=0．000）。④男性患者的危险因素分别为：高血压（60．8％）、高龄（41．7％）、吸烟（21．1％）、糖尿病（20．1％）;女性患者的危险因素分别为：高血压（63．9％）、高龄（44．4％）、糖尿病（24．4％）、心脏病（24．2％）。女性脑梗死患者糖尿病、心脏病的发生率高于男性,男性脑梗死患者动脉粥样硬化、吸烟、饮酒的发生率高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。⑤多元Logistic回归分析,吸烟和饮酒均可以增加肥胖的危险（分别为OR=3．059,95％CI：1．978～4．731;OR=2．330,95％CI：1．221～4．445）。结论①各年龄段男性脑梗死患者所占比例均高于女性。②高血压是所有脑梗死患者的首要危险因素。③吸烟、饮酒或多种危险因素共存,可能是男性脑梗死患者比例高的主要原因,尤其在青年男性中更加显著。④文化程度低及无业女性脑梗死发生率较高。     

脑梗死急性期血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物对其预后的影响

目的探讨脑梗死急性期血浆中组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t—PA）水平对脑梗死预后的评估价值。方法采用前瞻性设计，将120例急性脑梗死患者分为t—PA正常组（〉1．3IU／ml）69例和t—PA降低组（≤1．3IU／ml）51例，对两组患者进行生存分析比较。在发病72h内检测血浆t—PA水平，随访1年，将死亡及再发缺血性血管病记录为终点事件。采用多元回归分析，分析t-PA、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、高血脂、年龄、吸烟、饮酒等因素对终点事件的影响。结果①t-PA降低组患者较t-PA正常组患者终点事件发生率显著增加（28．9％，11．7％；P=0．007，log-rank检验）；②多变量回归分析显示，t-PA降低（OR=3．966；95％CI：1．753-13．285；P=0．039）、吸烟（OR=5．233；95％CI：1．991～16．227；P=0．035）及糖尿病（OR=4786；95％CI：1．591—16．709；P=0．033）与终点事件独立相关。结论脑梗死急性期t-PA降低可能是脑梗死发病1年内死亡和再发缺血性血管病的独立危险因素。     

脑梗死患者血清叶酸和维生素B12水平的测定

目的探讨血清叶酸、维生素B12与脑梗死的关系及其临床意义.方法采用放射免疫法测定88例脑梗死患者及39例健康对照组血清叶酸、维生素B12的浓度.结果脑梗死患者血清叶酸、维生索B12水平分别是(4.4±1.8)ng/L及(569±386)pg/L;对照组分别是(7.8±5.2)ng/L及(785±427)pg/L,两组比较均P＜0.05.结论血清叶酸和维生素B12水平可能分别是脑梗死的独立危险因子.     

Changes in serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in liver cirrhosis and its clinical significance]

The levels of serum folic acid and vitamin B12 were determined in 40 cases of liver cirrhosis with radioimmunoassay. It was shown that in 87.5% of the patients folic acid level was lower than that of a control group and in 67.5% serum vitamin B12 level was higher than that of the control group (P less than 0.05). The correlation between liver cirrhosis and dysbolism of folic acid and vitamin B12 and the megaloblastic changes and clinical significance were discussed.     

The effect of antiepileptic drugs on vitamin B12 metabolism

The effects of antiepileptic drugs (AED) on the serum concentration of vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine (HMC), and erythrocyte folic acid levels were determined in 45 epileptic patients (30 women, 15 men; mean age 31.7 years) and 23 healthy volunteers (control group; 18 women, five men; mean age 33.4 years). All patients were either on carbamazepine (CMZ), oxcarbazepine (OXZ), or valporate (VP) monotherapy. Serum vitamin B12 levels were low in 17.8% of patients and 8.7% of the controls (P = 0.299). Serum homocysteine levels were high in 17.8% of the patients (P = 0.008). Fifty percent of the patients who had hyperhomocysteinemia, and 75% of the patients who had low serum vitamin B12 level were on CMZ monotherapy. Peripheral blood smears showed hypersegmented neutrophils and macrocytosis in 13.3%, hypochromia and microcytosis in 26.7%, acanthocytes in 2.2%, and thrombocytosis in 2.2% of all patients. The control group had normal peripheral blood smears, except in four cases that showed hypocromia and microcytosis. Long-term administration of AED may cause elevation of homocysteine and development of subnormal serum vitamin B12 levels. Peripheral blood smear abnormalities were frequently seen in patients receiving antiepileptic treatment (P = 0.022), particularly in patients on CMZ monotherapy (P = 0.281). However, homocysteine, vitamin B12, folic acid levels and peripheral blood smear findings did not correlate with the drugs used (P = 0.665, 0.336, 0.249 for CMZ, OXZ, VP, respectively).     

High prevalences of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency in elderly subjects in Israel

The prevalences of vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency in the general Israeli population of elders has not been assessed. We measured plasma cobalamin and folic acid concentrations in 418 subjects from four institutions for the aged, 749 subjects attending 19 geriatric day centres and 104 healthy controls. Methylmalonic acid (MMA) and/or homocysteine concentrations were determined in subjects who had a cobalamin concentration <221 pmol/l or folic acid concentration <11 nmol/l respectively. The prevalences of vitamin B12 deficiency (cobalamin <147 pmol/l and MMA > or =0.24 micromol/l), and folic acid deficiency (folic acid <11 nmol/l and homocysteine of >15 micromol/l) in subjects from day centres were 12.6% and 16.4% respectively, and in subjects from institutions 1.2% and 2.2% respectively (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the relative risk of living at home versus institutions for the aged was highly significant, with odds ratios (OR) of 6.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.6-18.0] for vitamin B12 deficiency and 6.6 (95% CI 2.9-13.1) for folic acid deficiency. Analysis of data for day centre patients showed that folic acid deficiency was a significant risk factor of vitamin B12 deficiency (adjusted OR 3.68, 95% CI 2.27-5.98), and vitamin B12 deficiency was a significant risk of folic acid deficiency (adjusted OR 3.69, 95% CI 2.27-6.01). These data suggest that malnutrition is a major cause of the highly prevalent deficiencies of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid in elderly Israeli subjects dwelling at home.     

Effect of folic acid and betaine on fasting and postmethionine-loading plasma homocysteine and methionine levels in chronic haemodialysis patients

OBJECTIVES: To study fasting and postmethionine-loading (increment and decrement) plasma homocysteine levels in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in relation to B-vitamin status and after folic acid treatment without or with betaine. DESIGN: Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and methionine levels were measured in chronic haemodialysis patients after an overnight fast, and 6 and 24 h after an oral methionine load (0.1 g kg-1). The patients were subsequently randomized to treatment with folic acid 5 mg daily with or without betaine 4 g daily, and the loading test was repeated after 12 weeks. The patients were then re-randomized to treatment with 1 or 5 mg folic acid daily for 40 weeks, after which a third loading test was performed. SETTING: Haemodialysis unit of university hospital and centre for haemodialysis. SUBJECTS: Twenty-nine consecutive maintenance (> 3 months) haemodialysis patients, not on folic acid supplementation, 26 of whom completed the study. RESULTS: At baseline, the mean fasting, the 6 h postload and the 6 h postload increment plasma tHcy levels were increased as compared with those in healthy controls (46.8 +/- 6.9 (SEM), 92.8 +/- 9.1 and 46.0 +/- 4.2 mumol L-1, respectively) and correlated with serum folate (r = -0.42, P = 0.02; r = -0.61, P = 0.001 and r = -0.54, P = 0.003, respectively), but not with vitamin B6 or vitamin B12. At week 12, these variables had all decreased significantly. Betaine did not have additional homocysteine-lowering effects. At week 52, fasting and postload tHcy levels did not differ significantly between patients on 1 or 5 mg folic acid daily. Plasma tHcy half-life and plasma methionine levels after methionine loading were not altered by folic acid treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In chronic haemodialysis patients, fasting as well as postmethionine-loading plasma tHcy levels depend on folate status and decrease after folic acid therapy. Increased postload homocysteine levels in these patients therefore do not necessarily indicate an impaired transsulphuration capacity only; alternatively, folate may indirectly influence transsulphuration. The elucidation of the complex pathogenesis of hyperhomocysteinaemia in chronic renal failure requires further investigation.     

Hydroxocobalamin reduces hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease

Renal failure causes hyperhomocysteinemia, an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and venous access thrombosis in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Folic acid is necessary for homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism, and therapy with 1 mg/d or more of folic acid reduces plasma total Hcy (tHcy) concentrations in ESRD, although seldom to normal. In contrast to folic acid, the Hcy-lowering effect of vitamin B(12) has not been well studied in ESRD. We performed a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial involving 24 maintenance hemodialysis patients with normal or supranormal serum folate and vitamin B(12) concentrations who received either standard therapy, which included 5 to 6 mg folic acid, 5 to 10 mg pyridoxine, and 6 to 10 microg oral vitamin B(12) per day, or standard therapy plus 1 mg hydroxocobalamin administered subcutaneously once per week after dialysis. Plasma tHcy and serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were measured before and after 8 and 16 weeks of continuous treatment. Hydroxocobalamin reduced plasma tHcy by an average of 32% (P <.005) and serum MMA by an average of 19% (P <.001). The Hcy-lowering effect of hydroxocobalamin was independent of baseline serum vitamin B(12), folic acid, and MMA concentrations. Patients with higher baseline plasma tHcy concentrations had the greatest response (r = 0.80; P <.002). These results show that parenteral hydroxocobalamin reduces plasma tHcy dramatically in vitamin B(12)-replete hemodialysis patients. Persons with considerable persisting hyperhomocysteinemia despite high-dose folic acid therapy are likely to respond to the addition of hydroxocobalamin, irrespective of their serum vitamin B(12) concentrations.     

A tale of two homocysteines--and two hemodialysis units

Pharmacologic doses of folic acid are commonly used to reduce the hyperhomocysteinemia of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Vitamin B12 acts at the same metabolic locus as folic acid, but information is lacking about the specific effects of high doses of this vitamin on homocysteine levels in renal failure. We therefore compared the plasma homocysteine concentrations of maintenance hemodialysis patients in two McGill University-affiliated urban tertiary-care medical centers that differed in the use of vitamin B12 and folic acid therapy. Patients in the first hemodialysis unit are routinely prescribed high-dose folic acid (HI-F, 6 mg/d), whereas those in the second unit receive high-dose vitamin B12 in the form of a monthly 1-mg intravenous injection, along with conventional oral folic acid (HI-B12, 1 mg/d). Predialysis homocysteine was 23.4 +/- 6.8 micromol/L (mean +/- SD) in the HI-F unit and 18.2 +/- 6.1 micromol/L in the HI-B12 unit (P < .002). Postdialysis homocysteine was 14.5 +/- 4.1 in the HI-F unit and 10.6 +/- 3.4 micromol/L in the HI-B12 unit (P = .0001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that high-dose parenteral vitamin B12 was associated with a lower homocysteine concentration even after controlling for the potential confounders of sex, serum urea, serum creatinine, urea reduction ratio, and plasma cysteine. Because this was a cross-sectional observational study, we cannot exclude the possibility that unidentified factors, rather than the different vitamin therapies, account for the different homocysteine levels in the two units. Careful prospective studies of the homocysteine-lowering effect of high-dose parenteral vitamin B12 in ESRD should be undertaken.     

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体信号通路在大鼠高脂血症发生发展中的作用

目的 探讨过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR) γ/Caspase-8/Caspase-3信号通路在大鼠高脂血症发生发展中的作用.方法 将健康雄性SD大鼠60只〔4周龄,体质量(110±10)g〕随机分为正常对照组、高脂饮食组、叶酸组、维生索B12组、叶酸+维生素B12组.适应性喂养1周后,叶酸组、维生索B12组、叶酸+维生素B12组分别腹腔注射叶酸(0.5 mg/d)、维生素B12 (0.05 mg/d)、叶酸(0.5mg/d)+维生素B12(0.05 mg/d),同时给予高脂饲料喂养;对照组腹腔注射0.9％NaCl溶液(0.5 ml/d)同时给予正常饲料喂养;高脂饮食组给予高脂饲料喂养.第17周末取腹主动脉利用反转录-聚合酶链反应检测各组PPARγ、Caspase-8和Caspase-3 mRNA的表达.结果 叶酸组、叶酸+维生素B12组腹主动脉的PPARγ mRNA水平高于高脂饮食组;Caspase-8、Caspase-3mRNA水平低于高脂饮食组(P＜0.05),且叶酸+维生素B12组较叶酸组降低mRNA水平更明显(P＜0.05).结论 叶酸与维生素B12可以改善血管壁PPARγ、Caspase-8和Caspase-3 mRNA的水平从而防止高脂血症对血管内皮的损伤.     

The influence of a 3-month weight reduction therapy with Orlistat on serum vitamin B12 and folic acid concentration in obese women

OBJECTIVE: Serum folic acid, but not the vitamin B(12) concentration, was found to be significantly lower in obese subjects than in the control ones. DESIGN: The aim of this study was to examine the levels of serum vitamin B(12) and folic acid in obese women before and after weight reduction therapy with Orlistat in comparison to healthy controls with normal body weight. SUBJECTS: Twenty obese women participated in a 3-month weight reduction therapy. The control group consisted of 20 healthy women. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Body composition was analyzed with the impedance method using a Bodystat analyzer. In all patients before and after 3-month weight reduction therapy, serum concentrations of folic acid and vitamin B(12) were assessed. RESULTS: In obese women, serum concentrations of folic acid and vitamin B(12) did not change significantly after 3-month weight reduction therapy with Orlistat.     

同型半胱氨酸与脑梗死关系探讨

目的　探讨血清总同型半胱氨酸 (tHcy)水平与脑梗死关系。方法　测定 112例脑梗死患者及 4 2例健康对照者的血清总同型半胱氨酸 (tHcy)、维生素B12 (VitB12 )和叶酸 (FA)水平。结果　 ( 1)脑梗死组的血清tHcy平均水平 ( 17 10± 8 5 3) μmol/L显著高于对照组 ( 11 18± 3 0 2 ) μmol/L ;( 2 )血清tHcy水平与FA与VitB12 水平均呈负相关 ;( 3)高同型半胱氨酸血症 (Hcy >15 0 μmol/L) ,经校正性别、年龄、吸烟、血脂、血压、血糖等危险因素后 ,脑梗死的相对危险度 (OR)为 4 78,[95 %可信区间 (CI)为 1 70～ 13 4 6 ]。结论　 ( 1)血清tHcy水平升高可增加脑梗死的发病危险度 ;( 2 )FA、VitB12 是tHcy的非遗传影响因素。