首乌丹参方预处理对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌保护作用研究

[目的] 观察首乌丹参方对大鼠缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤心肌梗死范围及血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)活性以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响。[方法] 采用结扎大鼠冠状动脉前降支30min/开放120min,建立心肌I/R模型,通过首乌丹参方预处理,观察I/R大鼠心肌梗死范围,血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、CK、CK-MB活性及SOD、MDA的变化熏同时电镜下观察心肌超微结构变化。[结果] 首乌丹参方高、中剂量组梗死程度明显减轻,梗死区质量占全心脏及左心室的百分比与I/R组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01雪,以首乌丹参方中剂量组为优;首乌丹参方能够使血清中的SOD值增加(P<0.01),MDA含量有不同程度的降低;能够减少心肌酶的漏出;电镜下I/R组心肌组织严重损伤,首乌丹参方用药后偶见局灶性损伤和毛细血管狭窄,心肌轻度损伤。[结论] 首乌丹参方对心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,减少心肌酶漏出、减少自由基损伤是其保护心肌的重要机制之一。     

替格瑞洛对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 观察替格瑞洛对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 成年健康雄性SD大鼠32只,采用随机区组法将其分为假手术组(SO组)、心肌缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、替格瑞洛组、替格瑞洛合并腺苷拮抗剂(CGS15943)组(替格瑞洛+CGS15943组)。制作大鼠缺血/再灌注损伤模型,SO组只穿线不结扎,替格瑞洛组术前连续强饲替格瑞洛,替格瑞洛+CGS15943组术前连续强饲替格瑞洛,术前腹腔内注射CGS15943。计算心肌梗死面积百分比,观察再灌注心律失常发生情况,检测血清中磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平及心肌组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果 替格瑞洛组大鼠心肌梗死面积小于I/R组(P<0.01);而替格瑞洛+CGS15943组则大于替格瑞洛(P<0.01);替格瑞洛组大鼠心律失常发生率、心律失常评分均低于I/R组(P均<0.05);而替格瑞洛+CGS15943组大鼠心律失常发生率、心律失常评分均高于替格瑞洛组(P均<0.05)。替格瑞洛组CK、LDH水平低于I/R组(P<0.05);而替格瑞洛+CGS15943组CK、LDH水平高于替格瑞洛组(P<0.05)。替格瑞洛组SOD活力高于I/R组(P<0.05),MDA含量低于I/R组(P<0.05);而替格瑞洛+CGS15943组SOD活力低于替格瑞洛组(P<0.05),MDA含量高于替格瑞洛组(P<0.05)。结论 替格瑞洛具有抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用,可能与其抑制腺苷代谢,从而减少氧自由基的产生有关。     

EGCG对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响及作用机制探讨

目的 观察没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia-reperfusion injury, IRI)的保护作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法 建立大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注（I/R）模型,将大鼠分为假手术组(SO组)、I/R组和EGCG组。EGCG 组（10 mg/kg）在再灌注开始前5 min予以静脉滴注。采用心电图记录仪观察I/R过程中室性心律失常发生频次并评分,检测大鼠血清中心肌酶学〔乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酸激酶（CK）〕水平,心肌组织中炎症因子〔肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6和白介素-8（IL-6和IL-8）〕的表达,心肌组织HE染色进行病理学观察,Western blot检测磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶 (phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase, PI3K ) / 蛋白激酶B (Akt)通路蛋白中磷酸化的PI3K调节亚基(p-p85)和Akt蛋白（p-Akt)表达水平。结果 I/R组大鼠各类室性心律失常的频次增加明显,其心律失常严重程度评分(P<0.01)、血清中LDH与CK表达水平、心肌组织中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的表达水平均高于SO组 (P<0.05);EGCG组心律失常严重程度评分、LDH与CK的表达水平、心肌组织中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-8的表达水平均低于I/R组(P<0.05),并且EGCG组大鼠心肌病理学损伤程度轻于I/R组,EGCG组大鼠心肌中p-p85与p-Akt表达水平高于I/R组(P<0.05)。结论 EGCG能通过激活PI3K/Akt信号通路抑制炎症反应水平,有效减轻IRI。     

银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液对离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的实验研究

[目的]研究银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液（DGMI）对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用并探讨其机制。[方法]取120只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、DGMI低（1.5 mg/kg）、中（3 mg/kg）、高（6 mg/kg）剂量组和维拉帕米2.5 mg/kg组（阳性药物对照组）,各20只;手术前2 h,腹腔注射给药,正常对照组和模型组同步给予生理盐水。采用Langendorff灌流系统建立离体心脏灌注模型,正常对照组持续灌注Krebs-Henseleit液（K-H液）,模型组、DGMI各剂量组和维拉帕米组平衡灌注20 min后停灌30 min、再灌注60 min后行各指标检测。测定冠脉流出液心肌酶活性;2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑（TTC）染色测定心脏组织梗死面积,苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察心脏组织病变;测定血流动力学指标;测定心肌组织中抗氧化酶活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量;测定心肌组织ATPase活力。[结果]与模型组比较,DGMI中、高剂量组和维拉帕米2.5 mg/kg组大鼠血清心肌酶谷草转氨酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酸激酶MB同工酶（CK-MB）活性均显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;心脏组织梗死面积显著降低（P<0.01）,心脏组织病变明显改善;明显改善血流动力学指标：心率（HR）、左室收缩压（LVSP）、左室收缩压最大上升速率（+dP/dt_max）、左室舒张压最大下降速率（-dP/dt_min）均显著升高且左室舒张末压（LVEDP）显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）]活性显著升高且MDA含量显著降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;Na⁺-ATPase、Ca²⁺-ATPase酶活力显著升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。[结论]DGMI可能通过改善血液流变学、降低氧化应激损伤、改善ATPase活力而对大鼠离体心脏表现出一定的保护作用。     

HO-1介导黄芪甲苷抗原代心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤作用研究

[目的]研究黄芪甲苷（AS-Ⅳ）对乳鼠原代心肌细胞缺氧/复氧（H/R）损伤的保护作用及机制。[方法]培养乳鼠原代心肌细胞,以缺氧4 h,复氧4 h建立心肌H/R损伤模型。四甲基噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测细胞活力。检测细胞培养液中心肌肌钙蛋白（cTnT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）含量,炎症细胞因子超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）浓度。分别以聚合酶链式反应逆转录（RT-PCR）、蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）法检测心肌细胞血红素氧化酶1（HO-1）mRNA及蛋白表达水平。[结果]与H/R组比较,AS-Ⅳ、HO-1激动剂原卟啉氯化钴（CoPP）均可显著降低细胞上清中cTnT、LDH含量（P<0.01）,降低炎症因子hs-CRP、TNF-α水平（P<0.01）,而HO-1拮抗剂原卟啉Ⅸ锌（Ⅱ）络合物（ZnPP）作用趋势则相反。与H/R组比较,CoPP组及AS-Ⅳ组HO-1 mRNA、蛋白表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）,ZnPP组则显著下降（P<0.01）。[结论]AS-Ⅳ对心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤具有显著的保护作用,其机制与诱导具有保护作用的HO-1表达有关。     

红豆杉多糖对Beagle犬心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型心肌NADPH氧化酶mRNA及SOD、MDA的影响

目的 观察红豆杉多糖对心肌缺血-再灌注损伤（MIRI）模型心肌损伤及心肌还原型辅酶II（NADPH）氧化酶mRNA、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的影响。方法 将30只Beagle犬随机分为假手术组、模型组、红豆杉多糖低剂量组与高剂量组、卡维地洛对照组,每组6只,给药7 d后,建立MIRI模型。HE染色,光镜观察心肌组织病理改变;原位杂交检测NADPH氧化酶 p47^phox（NCF-47K）mRNA表达;比色法检测心肌SOD活性和MDA水平。结果 光镜下可见,模型组心肌严重紊乱、断裂,核固缩及胞浆嗜酸性变明显,轻至中度充血、水肿,炎细胞浸润;红豆杉多糖高剂量组心肌细胞紊乱、断裂程度较轻,核固缩及胞浆嗜酸性变明显减少,部分组织仍有轻度充血、水肿。模型组、红豆杉多糖低剂量组心肌NCF-47K mRNA表达较假手术组显著升高（P＜0.01）,红豆杉多糖高剂量组NCF-47K mRNA表达显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。除红豆杉多糖高剂量组心肌SOD活性显著高于模型组（P＜0.01）外,模型组及各治疗组心肌组织SOD活性较假手术组显著降低（P＜0.01）。模型组及红豆杉多糖低剂量组心肌组织MDA水平较假手术组显著增加（P＜0.05）,红豆杉多糖高剂量组心肌MDA水平显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。结论 红豆杉多糖可能通过降低心肌组织NADPH氧化酶NCF-47K mRNA表达,升高SOD活性,减少O₂^÷等氧自由基对心肌细胞的损伤,减轻缺血再灌注导致的心肌损伤。     

基于NF-κB通路探讨温经汤合琥珀散对寒凝血瘀型子宫内膜异位症大鼠的影响

[目的] 基于核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）通路及相关蛋白探讨温经汤合琥珀散对子宫内膜异位症（EMs）大鼠的影响。[方法] 将60只SPF级雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、孕三烯酮组与温经汤合琥珀散低、中、高剂量组,每组10只。除假手术组外,其余各组大鼠均采用冰水浴联合盐酸肾上腺素和自体内膜移植法建立寒凝血瘀证EMs大鼠模型,假手术组只开腹但不进行内膜移植。假手术组和模型组给予纯水;孕三烯酮组给予孕三烯酮（0.25mg/kg）每周灌胃2次（周一、周四）,灌胃4周;温经汤合琥珀散组分别给予低（9.69 g/kg）、中（19.38 g/kg）、高（38.75 g/kg）剂量的温经汤合琥珀散,连续灌胃4周。酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测各组大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平,检测各组大鼠的血液流变学、凝血功能。蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠子宫内膜组织中核转录因子-κB p65（NF-κB p65）、核转录因子-κB抑制蛋白α（IkBα）、核转录因子-κB激酶亚基β抑制因子（IKKβ）蛋白表达。[结果] 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β含量升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,血液流变学各项指标升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;凝血功能方面,模型组大鼠部分凝血活酶时间（TT）降低（P＜0.05）,纤维蛋白原（FIB）含量升高（P＜0.01）;蛋白免疫印迹法检测结果显示,NF-κB p65、IKKβ升高（P＜0.01）,IkBα表达降低（P＜0.05）。与模型组比较,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β表达降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠血液流变学各项指标降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;凝血功能方面,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠TT升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,FIB降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;蛋白免疫印迹法检测结果显示,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组大鼠NF-κB p65表达降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠IKKβ表达降低（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）,温经汤合琥珀散部分剂量组及孕三烯酮组大鼠IkBα表达升高（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。[结论] 温经汤合琥珀散可能通过阻断或抑制NF-κB信号通路活化及阻断异位组织增殖,从而缩小异位灶,调控EMs的发展,且可改善寒凝血瘀大鼠相关症状,疗效优于孕三烯酮。     

苓桂术甘汤对慢性心衰模型大鼠心肌组织TNF-α及血清NF-κB和IL-1β的影响

目的 观察苓桂术甘汤对慢性心力衰竭模型大鼠心肌组织肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）蛋白及mRNA表达、血清核因子-κB（NF-κB）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）水平的影响,探讨苓桂术甘汤防治慢性心衰的作用机制。方法 采用冠状动脉结扎法制备慢性心衰大鼠模型,造模4周后将模型大鼠随机分为模型组,卡托普利（4.375 mg/kg）阳性对照组,苓桂术甘汤低、中、高剂量（生药2.1、4.2、8.4 g/kg）组,另设假手术组,每天给药1次,连续给药4周。Western blotting、RT-PCR法分别检测各组大鼠心肌组织TNF-α蛋白及mRNA的表达,ELISA法检测血清中NF-κB、IL-1β水平。结果 与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠心肌组织TNF-α蛋白及mRNA表达增强,血清NF-κB、IL-1β水平显著升高（P＜0.01）;与模型组相比,苓桂术甘汤及卡托普利均能显著抑制模型大鼠心肌组织TNF-α蛋白及mRNA表达、降低模型大鼠血清NF-κB、IL-1β水平（P＜0.05、0.01）。结论 苓桂术甘汤干预慢性心衰的机制与其调节细胞因子网络有关。     

杜仲茶对大鼠的降血脂作用

目的 对杜仲茶口服给予大鼠辅助降血脂功能进行评价,为该茶饮用于人体辅助降血脂的功能提供动物试验资料。方法 选择72只雄性SD大鼠,先按体重随机取12只作为正常对照组给予维持饲料,剩余60只动物给予模型饲料进行造模。2周后,根据TC水平选择48只随机分成模型对照组和供试品低、中、高剂量等4组。供试品各剂量组灌胃杜仲茶粉悬液,给药7、14、21、28、35、42 d称重。30、45 d分别测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平。结果 大鼠在给予模型饲料2周后,与正常对照比较,模型组血清TC和LDL-C值显著升高(P<0.01、P<0.01),大鼠混合型高脂血症动物模型建模成功。与模型组比较,给予供试品30 d时,供试品各剂量组显示有降低血脂趋势;45 d时,与模型组比较,供试品低、高剂量组血清中TC、LDL-C值显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.05)、(P<0.01、P<0.01),低、中和高剂量组TG值显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.01),同时,HDL-C值不显著低于模型组(P>0.05、P>0.05、P>0.05)。结论 杜仲茶粉以低剂量0.43 g/kg、中剂量组0.86 g/kg和高剂量组1.71 g/kg在灌胃给予SD大鼠30 d后,血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平有降低的趋势。调整剂量为低剂量0.43 g/kg、中剂量组1.71 g/kg和高剂量组3.42 g/kg延长至给药45 d,杜仲茶粉对大鼠具有辅助降血脂作用。     

蕨麻正丁醇部位对缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用

[目的]研究蕨麻正丁醇部位对缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用。[方法]建立大鼠原代培养心肌细胞缺氧损伤模型,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测心肌细胞代谢活力;胎盼兰染色法检测细胞成活率;比色法测定细胞外乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),肌酸激酶(CK)活性及细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。[结果]与模型组比较,蕨麻正丁醇提取部位各剂量组细胞代谢活力及细胞成活率显著提高(P<0.01),并均可显著减少缺氧损伤引起的LDH、CK的外漏量(P<0.01),提高细胞SOD活性(P<0.01),减少MDA的产生(P<0.01或P<0.05)。[结论]蕨麻正丁醇部位具有抗心肌缺氧损伤作用,其途径之一可能与其抗自由基氧化的能力有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.