特非那丁对皮肤试验风团反应的抑制作用

本试验的目的是客观评价特非那丁的疗效。共选择了42例典型的花粉症患者,用双盲法分为特非那丁组(20例)及安慰剂组(22例)。试验前进行皮肤试验终点滴定,在服特非那丁60mg,bid,或安慰剂3d后重复滴定。结果表明,特非那丁明显抑制了风团反应,平均终点稀释度从10~(-5.6)移至10~(-3.9)(P<0.01),而安慰剂组的风团大小及终点稀释度均无明显变化。     

特非那丁治疗146例过敏性和瘙痒性皮肤病的对照试验

特非那丁治疗急、慢性荨麻疹,湿疹,虫咬皮炎和瘙痒症146例。男73例,女73例,年龄38±17yr。用阿司咪唑105例和赛庚啶91例作对照。特非那丁60mg,bid,po;阿司咪唑10mg,qn,po;赛庚啶2mg-4mg,tid,po。6d为一个疗程。特非那丁疗效高于2个对照组(P<0.05)。特非那丁还具有疗效快,疗程短和副作用小的优点。     

尼群地平缓解腹痛234例

对内、外科病因引起腹痛患者234例(男153例,女81例;年龄34±10a)用尼群地平20mg,1次口含,缓解共250例次腹痛,总有效率94.8％,无明显副作用。另外对168例(180例次)及131例(148例次)的类似腹痛患者采用安慰剂及山莨菪碱作对照,尼群地平疗效明显优于安慰剂组(P<0.01),和山莨菪碱组(P<0.05)。     

纳多洛尔随机双盲法治疗心绞痛30例

本文采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉试验,观察口服纳多洛尔片剂4wk(40mg,qd),治疗30例(男19,女11,年龄60±6yr)冠心病心绞痛患者.用药后,临床总有效率为93％,心电图总有效率为80％,均显著高于安慰剂(P<0.01)。     

丁丙诺啡用于妇科术后镇痛

双盲试验40例随机分为4组,分别肌注丁丙诺啡0.3mg、0.15mg、哌替啶50mg和安慰剂;开放试验30例,只给予丁丙诺啡0.3mg。结果表明,两种设计的丁丙诺啡镇痛强度都明显高于安慰剂(P<0.01)。双盲法丁丙诺啡0.15mg具有和哌替啶50mg相同的镇痛作用,丁丙诺啡0.3mg则在给药3h后镇痛作用优于哌替啶(P<0.05);镇痛作用持续时间均超过6h。     

氮斯丁的药理与临床

<正> 氮斯丁(azelastine)是组胺H_1受体拮抗剂,可抑制抗原和非抗原致敏肥大细胞释放组胺。动物实验中,氮斯丁可拮抗组胺和白三烯(leukotriene)所致的支气管痉挛、降低呼吸道对吸入性抗原或蒸馏水和运动激发的气道反应性。对照研究发现口服本品4mg/d对缓解季节性或常年性鼻炎患者的疗效,与吸入色甘酸钠80mg/d、口服氯苯那敏和口服特非那定(terfenadine)120mg/d相仿。另外,本品喷雾吸入与口服特非那定     

藻酸双酯钠治疗缺血性脑血管疾病100例

缺血性脑血管疾病100例(男60例,女40例;年龄55±s11a)用藻酸双酯钠(PSS)1-3mg/kg,加入10％葡萄糖液500mL,iv,静滴,30滴/min,qd,15d为一个疗程。1-3个疗程后改PSS片,50mg,tid,po,维持治疗。另设对照组50例用曲克芦丁治疗。结果:PSS治疗组总有效率96％;曲克芦丁组为90％(经ridit分析P<0.01)。25例脑梗死患者经PSS治疗后血液流变学与血脂均有显著改善(P<0.05-0.01)。     

奥美拉唑对65例消化性溃疡的疗效

奥美拉唑20mg,qd,口服治疗活动性胃或十二指肠溃疡65例(Ome组:男59,女6;年龄41±13a)。雷尼替丁0.15g,bid,口服,治疗42例(Ran组:男39,女3;年龄42±11a)作比较。疗程4-6wk。服药后疼痛消除:Ome组90％在3d内,Ran组92％需7-8d。十二指肠溃疡愈合率:Ome组(43例)4wk达100％,Ran组(30例)70％(P<0.01),胃溃疡愈合率:Ome组(22例)6wk为95％,Ran组(12例)67％(P<0.01)     

阿米替林治疗神经衰弱双盲对照研究

阿米替林与安慰剂双盲对照治疗24例神经衰弱,其剂量每日150mg,疗程5wk,以HAMD和SCL-90量表为评定工具。结果表明,治疗组有效率50％,对照组25％,但2组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。治疗前后HAMD总分及SCL-90部分因子分变化有显著差异(P<0.05或<0.01),SCL-90总分变化却无统计学差异。看来神经衰弱对阿米替林反应欠佳。     

尼莫地平治疗原发性高血压81例

对原发性高血压患者81例(男68例,女13例;年龄52±SD 9yr),用尼莫地平120-240mg/d(平均130mg/d);和与其相似的37例患者,用硝苯啶30-80mg/d(平均33mg/d)作为对照;2组均以4wk为一个疗程。2组治疗前、后比较,均获显效(P<0.01)。总有效率尼莫地平为85％,硝苯啶为89％(P>0.05)。2组的副作用均较轻。提示尼莫地平治疗轻、中度原发性高血压也有效。     

Nonsedating histamine H1-receptor antagonists

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosages of the nonsedating histamine H1-receptor antagonists terfenadine, astemizole, loratadine, and acrivastine are reviewed. Terfenadine and astemizole are chemically unrelated to histamine H1-receptor antagonists such as diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine. Loratadine is structurally related to the antihistamine azatadine, and acrivastine is a side-chain-reduced metabolite of the antihistamine triprolidine. Like other histamine H1-receptor antagonists, they competitively block histamine receptor sites rather than inhibiting histamine release. All four drugs have relatively long half-lives and are rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Terfenadine, astemizole, and loratadine are metabolized extensively in the liver; terfenadine and astemizole are both 97% protein bound. Terfenadine 60 mg twice daily has been shown to be as effective as conventional antihistamines for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. In clinical trials, astemizole 10 mg daily was comparable to or better than chlorpheniramine for treatment of chronic rhinitis. Both terfenadine and astemizole were effective for treatment of chronic urticaria. For treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, loratadine combined with pseudoephedrine may be preferable to triprolidine-pseudoephedrine and acrivastine-pseudoephedrine combinations that require more frequent dosing. Acrivastine must be administered more frequently than the other nonsedating antihistamines. None of these four agents impairs psychomotor activity. Infrequently reported adverse effects include dry mouth, skin reactions, and weight gain. The absence of substantial sedative effects and the less-frequent dosing schedules make these agents good alternatives to the classic antihistamines for treatment of seasonal and chronic rhinitis and chronic urticaria.     

法莫替丁与西咪替丁治疗消化性溃疡各20例的近期疗效比较

本文观察胃镜确诊的十二指肠溃疡及胃溃疡患者共40例,随机分为2组:即服法莫替丁的治疗组20例与服西咪替丁的对照组20例,均以6wk为一个疗程。疗程结束后再由胃镜复查,其溃疡愈合率在治疗组与对照组分别为90％与65％,差异显著(P<0.01)。观察结果,法莫替丁治疗消化性溃疡的近期疗效高,对上腹部疼痛缓解较西咪替丁显著,不良反应少。     

特非那定对成人哮喘者呼气流速的作用

目的：研究特非那定对成人哮喘的作用。方法：采用随机、单盲、交叉对照法，以呼气峰流速仪监测２０例稳定期或轻度发作期成年哮喘病人口服特非那定（６０ｍｇ，ｂｉｄ×２ｗｋ）时的呼气峰流速（ＰＥＦ）及其变异率（ＰＥＦＲＶ）。结果：口服特非那定时ＰＥ ＦＲＶ和ＰＥＦ分别为１３％±ｓ１０％和２９２±８９Ｌ／ｍｉｎ，不用特非那定时分别为１９％±７％和２８１±１０４Ｌ／ｍｉｎ。胸闷、气急、咳嗽、咯痰及喘鸣有效率分别为７９％，８２％，８４％，５０％和３８％。对过敏性鼻炎症状（鼻痒、流涕、打喷嚏等）的改善更明显     

都可喜治疗脑梗死23例

本文对33例经CT证实的颈内动脉系脑梗死患者在面瘫、言语、手肌力、上肢、下肢肌力及步行等方面进行治疗组(右旋糖酐加用都可喜1片bid, 30d,23例)与对照组(单用右旋糖酐500mL,qd,15d,10例)对比评定。结果后3项治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05),监测2组治疗前、后血气分析,氧分压治疗组增加(P<0.05)。     

Terfenadine. An updated review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy

Terfenadine is a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist which, in pharmacodynamic studies, is devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. In clinical studies terfenadine is well tolerated and at a dose of 60mg administered twice daily the drug provides effective relief of symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis (seasonal and perennial), allergic dermatological conditions (particularly chronic urticaria), and other histamine-mediated disorders. Terfenadine is superior to placebo, has a more rapid onset of action than astemizole and is as effective as most other histamine H1-receptor antagonists, in relieving rhinitis symptoms. In allergic rhinitis, terfenadine relieves ocular symptoms to a greater extent (but nasal symptoms to a lesser extent) than inhaled corticosteroids. Administration of oral terfenadine with inhaled sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn sodium) or an inhaled corticosteroid appears more effective than terfenadine alone. Despite the absence of CNS depressant activity in pharmacodynamic studies, sedation is the adverse effect most frequently associated with terfenadine treatment. However, it is important to realise that the incidence of this adverse effect is similar in terfenadine and placebo recipients, and is less frequent than with traditional histamine H1-receptor antagonists. In conclusion, terfenadine is a clinically effective antihistamine which has an improved adverse effect profile compared with classic histamine H1-receptor antagonists. Like other nonsedating antihistamines, it can be considered as a first-line agent in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. With additional clinical experience, the drug could find a similar role in other disorders in which a histamine H1-receptor antagonist is indicated.     

3种剂量尼群地平治疗轻型原发性高血压病61例

81例轻型高血压病,其中尼群地平(尼)组61例(男51例,女10例,年龄46±10a),分成尼1,2,3组,剂量10,20,30mg/d。阿替洛尔(阿)组20例(男14例,女6例,年龄44±11a),剂量50mg/d。各组均用至4wk后减半量治疗至3mo。治疗4wk后降压幅度各组均有显著下降(P<0.01),其中尼2组优于阿组,P<0.05。经减量至3mo后,尼2,3组血压仍稳定在wk4的有效水平。     

复方氨苯蝶啶胶囊治疗原发性高血压55例

本文对87例原发性高血压随机分为2组,用氨苯蝶啶(25mg)和氢氯噻嗪(12.5mg)制成复方胶囊和片剂对比治疗。胶囊组55例(男34例,女21例;年龄52±8yr),片剂组32例(男17例,女15例;年龄51±8yr),疗程4wk;2组剂量均以1粒bid开始,最大剂量为每天6粒。结果显示,2组降压幅度均较大(P<0.01),但胶囊组总有效率为82％,片剂组为91％,2组比较P>0.05。治疗后无严重不良反应。