老年人跌倒的有关危险因素分析

目的调查和分析与老年人跌倒有关的危险因素.方法调查60岁及以上的老人415例,运用访谈、观察和查阅病历的方法收集资料,对各种因素进行单因素和多因素分析,并分析被筛选出的危险因素的相关特征.结果ADL和行走能力测定为“不能独自活动”和居住安排为“独居”是跌倒的危险因素.不能独自活动者多在家中跌倒,且跌倒多与身体因素有关,近一半的跌倒与环境因素有关.独居者的相关特征是高龄、寡(鳏)居、以及居家环境中危险因素较多.婚姻状况中的“寡(鳏)居”和智力测验中的“智力损害”为跌倒的危险因素,但未能进入logistic回归模型.结论“不能独自活动”和“独居”为跌倒的危险因素;“寡(鳏)居”和“智力损害”可能为跌倒的间接危险因素;环境危险因素是跌倒的重要因素.建议进一步研究某些因素,如高龄、寡(鳏)居、智力损害、某些慢性病、虚弱等,是否与老年人跌倒有更密切的关系.     

老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病相关危险因素分析

目的探讨老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)发生的相关危险因素。方法采用回顾性横断面调查方法,选取2015年1月至2017年3月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院医疗保健中心内科接收的年龄为65~101岁的663名体检人群。根据NAFLD诊断标准,将所有研究对象分为NAFLD组(n=242)和非NAFLD组(n=421)。比较NAFLD组和非NAFLD组人群的血清25-羟维生素D水平,以及不同年龄组[65≤年龄<70岁,n=71;70≤年龄<75,n=88;75≤年龄<80,n=117;80≤年龄<85,n=152;85≤年龄<90,n=126;年龄≥90,n=109]的NAFLD患病率及25-羟维生素D水平的差异。采用Logistic回归分析法分析老年NAFLD的相关危险因素。结果两组人群的性别构成比、年龄、转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、尿酸(UA)、超敏C反应蛋白(h-CRP)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与非NAFLD组相比,NAFLD组有更高的身体质量指数(BMI)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、总甘油三酯(TG),差异具有明显统计学意义(P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析提示,老年NAFLD与25-羟维生素D、FT4呈负相关,与HbA1c、TG、ALT、BMI、FT3呈正相关。结论低水平维生素D是老年NAFLD的独立危险因素之一。BMI、Hb A1c、TG、FT3是老年NAFLD的其他危险因素。     

苏州市老年公寓老年人跌倒危险因素的研究

目的了解苏州市老年公寓老年人跌倒现状及影响因素,为老年公寓工作人员预防老年人跌倒管理提供实证依据。方法采用一般资料问卷和社区老年人跌倒危险评估问卷对677名老年公寓内老年人跌倒情况进行调查。结果 677名老年人中有180名跌倒,跌倒发生率为26.59%,性别、影响自身平衡能力的患病种数、视力异常、躯体感觉异常、对活动能力的自我评估、在自己家内安全行走、居家环境危险因素是老年公寓老年人跌倒高危因素。结论老年公寓老年人跌倒率较高,突出表现为性别和影响自身平衡患病种数有关。需控制跌倒风险,优化老年公寓环境,加强平衡和运动控制训练等,降低老年公寓老年人跌倒发生率。     

老年住院患者慢性肾脏病及其相关危险因素分析

目的探讨老年住院患者慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)的临床特征及其相关危险因素。方法四川省人民医院老年科年龄60岁以上的老年住院患者603例,通过问卷调查及实验室检查搜集数据资料。结果 603例调查对象中,374例(62.02%)诊断为CKD,205例(34.00%)肾小球滤过率估计值(e GFR)<60 ml/(min·1.73m2)。CKD分期主要集中在CKD 3期,各年龄组间CKD构成差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。317例(52.57%)出现白蛋白尿,不同年龄组间白蛋白尿情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多元Logostic回归分析结果提示:年龄、婚姻、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病是CKD的独立危险因素。结论老年住院患者中CKD的发生率高,导致其发生的危险因素多。临床医生需对老年住院患者进行早期CKD的筛查,采取相应措施延缓CKD进展,减少其终点事件的发生,减轻社会及家庭的负担。     

The prevalence and risk factors of falling and fear of falling among lower extremity amputees

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the falling experience and fear of falling status and to describe characteristics associated with falling and fear of falling. DESIGN: Population-based consecutive sample survey and chart review. SETTING: Two Canadian, regional, university-affiliated outpatient amputee clinics. PARTICIPANTS: The sample (n = 435; mean age, 62 +/- 15.7 yr) of community-living participants was mostly male (71%), had unilateral (below knee 73%; above knee 27%) amputations primarily for vascular (53% vs 47% nonvascular) reasons. INTERVENTION: Review patient charts and survey questionnaires to determine sociodemographic information (eg, social support), information about the amputation (eg, cause, level, problems), physical health and function (eg, pain, limitations, comorbidity), and psychologic state (depression, adaptation). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence of a fall in the past 12 months and presence of a fear of falling. RESULTS: Exactly 52.4% subjects reported falling in the past year, whereas 49.2% reported a fear of falling. Logistic regression analyses revealed falling was related to having an above knee amputation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.71-4.51), back (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.08-3.54) and joint (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.01-2.74) pain, and multiple stump and prosthesis problems (OR = 3.09; 95% CI = 1.58-6.04). Having had the amputation > or = 4 years in the past was protective (OR =.53; 95% CI =.29-.89). Factors related to an increase risk of fear of falling included having to concentrate on each step while walking (OR = 4.06; 95% CI = 2.46-6.71) and having a fall in the past 12 months (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.04-2.54), whereas being male (OR = 0.35; 95% CI =.21-.57) and having good to excellent perceived health (OR =.35; 95% CI =.21-.58) were protective. CONCLUSIONS: Falling and fear of falling are pervasive among amputees. Comprehensive and ongoing intervention and education should be considered. Research is required to assess the consequences of falling and fear of falling.     

Perceived vision‐related quality of life and risk of falling among community living elderly people

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 433–439 Perceived vision‐related quality of life and risk of falling among community living elderly people Falls and fall injuries among the elderly population are common, since ageing is a risk factor of falling. Today, this is a major problem because the ageing population is increasing. There are predictive factors of falling and visual impairment is one of them. Usually, only visual acuity is considered when measuring visual impairment, and nothing regarding a person’s functional visual ability is taken into account. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the perceived vision‐related quality of life among the community living elderly using the 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ‐25) and to investigate whether there was any association among vision‐related quality of life and falls. There were 212 randomly selected elderly people participating in the study. Our study indicated that the participants had an impaired perceived vision‐related health status. General health was the only NEI VFQ‐25 variable significantly associated with falls in both men and women. However, among men, near and distance activities, vision‐specific social functioning, role difficulties and dependency, color and peripheral vision were related to falls.     

老年高血压及相关危险因素对认知功能的影响

目的观察老年患者血压水平及相关危险因素对认知功能的影响。方法选择2008年8月至2009年2月仁济医院老年病科门诊及潍坊社区卫生服务中心全科门诊就诊的年龄≥60岁的老年患者,排除有恶性肿瘤、血液系统疾病、恶病质等疾病,或因自身原因不能配合完成量表检查患者。入选高血压组124例,正常血压组51例。以蒙特利尔认知评估(MoCA)为工具检查所有研究对象的认知功能状况,记录其血压及生化等相关指标。结果高血压组MoCA总得分、视空间与执行功能、注意、语言、延迟回忆得分明显降低(P<0.05)。高血压组患者中MoCA评分正常组24h平均舒张压及白天平均舒张压较评分减低组明显升高,血压昼夜节律存在者比例明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。昼夜节律、白天平均舒张压与MoCA评分呈正相关,年龄与MoCA评分呈负相关。结论 MoCA对认知功能减退患者敏感性较高,可作为临床早期筛查认知能减退的首选量表。年龄、昼夜节律、白天平均舒张压是预测高血压患者MoCA评分的独立变量。     

Risk factors related to falling in stroke patients: a cross-sectional study

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate a comprehensive understanding of the factors associated with falls in poststroke patients. [Subjects] Forty-eight stroke patients (22 males and 26 females; age 63.79 years) participated in this study. [Methods] This study applied a cross-sectional design. Fear of falling [Falls Efficacy Scale (FES)], balance function [Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Modified Rivermead Mobility Index (MRMI)], ADL performance level [Modified Barthel Index (MBI)] and cognitive function [Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Geriatric Populations (LOTCA-G)] were assessed. [Results] Falls efficacy was moderately correlated with ADL performance, balance, and cognition. In addition, stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that ADL performance was the explanatory variable closely associated with falls efficacy in stroke patients. [Conclusion] ADL performance was the primary explanatory variable of falls efficacy according to regression analysis. Thus, we suggest that these results may be used as basic data for developing rehabilitation programs for prevention of falls in stroke patients.Key words: Activities of daily living, Fall, Stroke     

老年患者营养状况与跌倒风险的相关性分析

目的调查老年患者营养状况与跌倒风险,分析其相关性。方法对在门诊就诊年龄≥60岁的老年患者采用简易营养评价精法(MNA-SF法)、卫生部《老年人跌倒干预技术指南》中的老年人跌倒风险评估量表等调查问卷的方式,评价老年患者的营养状况与跌倒风险,并进行相关性分析。结果共纳入70例老年患者,其中高龄老年患者(≥80岁)56例。70例老年患者中,营养不良者占25.7%(18/70),其中高龄患者占营养不良者94.4%(17/18)。跌倒高度风险的老年患者占18.6%(13/70),其中高龄患者占跌倒高度风险者69.2%(9/13)。营养不良的老年患者中,跌倒高度风险者占33.3%(6/18),有3次及以上跌倒史者占16.7%(3/18)。经分析,有跌倒史者营养评分(10.72±2.19)分小于无跌倒史者营养评分(12.67±1.57)分,当跌倒次数≥3次时,营养评分均值为(9.75±2.363)分,远低于平均水平(12.17±1.93)分(P0.05)。结论老年患者营养不良和跌倒的发生率均较高,且跌倒风险与营养状况相关。     

高龄孕妇妊娠结局及其分娩相关危险因素研究

目的探讨二胎政策下高龄孕妇妊娠结局及其分娩相关危险因素。方法选取2018年1—12月我院分娩的138例高龄产妇为研究对象,根据妊娠结局分为正常组(n=88)和不良妊娠结局组(n=50),通过问卷调查的方式,调查研究对象的相关信息,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析分娩相关危险因素与妊娠结局关联情况。结果单因素分析显示,体质量、多次流产、妊娠高血压、孕期保健是不良妊娠结局的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素logistic分析结果显示,体质量、多次流产、妊娠高血压是不良妊娠结局的独立危险因素(P<0.05),而孕期保健是不良妊娠结局的保护因素(P<0.05)。体质量、流产次数、妊娠高血压与不良妊娠结局及分娩呈正相关(P<0.05),孕期保健与不良妊娠结局及分娩呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论体质量、多次流产、妊娠高血压、孕期保健是引起不良妊娠结局的相关危险因素。因此明确妊娠结局的相关危险因素,提供相应的护理措施,鼓励产妇增加产检次数以及孕期保健,对避免不良妊娠结局的发生具有重要意义。     

老年非酒精性脂肪肝的临床特点和相关危险因素分析

目的探讨老年非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的临床特点和相关危险因素。方法测定130例老年（NAFLD）患者空腹血糖、血脂、血压、身高和体重，计算体重指数，并与130例正常对照组比较。结果老年NAFLD组与正常对照组相比，体重指数（BM1）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）均升高（P〈O05），高密度脂蛋白（HDL—C）与NAFLD的发生呈正相关关系。结论BM1、TG、LDL—C为NAFLD的独立危险因素．HDL—C为其保护因素。     

The dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer related to meat consumption

The integrative review is one of the methodologies used for evidence-based practice which, in this study, had the objective of surveying and synthesizing the evidence available in the literature regarding the dietary risks for colorectal cancer related to the consumption of meat. The search was made using the LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and COCHRANE Library databases, and six studies considered pertinent to the consumption of meat were found. Meta-analyses showed that there is an association between the consumption of red meat and an increased risk for colorectal cancer from 28% to 35%, whereas processed meats are associated with a rise in risk from 20% to 49%. Evidence shows that the consumption of red meat, processed meat, and total meat consumption are risk factors for developing polyps and colorectal cancer. The search did not yield any studies referring to the consumption of chicken or fish as risk factors.     

连续肾脏替代疗法治疗急性肾损伤的老年重症患者90d死亡的相关影响因素分析

目的明确连续肾脏替代疗法(CRRT)治疗急性肾损伤(AKI)的老年重症患者90 d死亡的影响因素。方法以2013年12月至2015年3月于我院重症医学科住院的接受CRRT的AKI老年重症患者82例为研究对象,收集所有患者各项临床指标包括年龄、性别、体重、入院时基础血清肌酐浓度、入ICU时血清白蛋白浓度、CRRT开始前APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、应用机械通气及血管活性药物的情况和血清肌酐浓度、入ICU至开始CRRT间隔时间、KDIGO分期,计算入住ICU后5 d内出入量液体平衡和5 d内总液体蓄积量(L)占体重(kg)百分比(即液体蓄积),根据患者90 d存活情况,分为生存组和死亡组,分析接受CRRT的AKI老年重症患者90 d死亡的相关危险因素。结果接受CRRT的AKI老年重症患者90 d内死亡率51.2%,40例生存者中依赖肾脏替代治疗的占25%。单因素分析显示:与生存组比较,死亡组年龄更大,体重更轻,入ICU时血清白蛋白浓度更低,APACHEⅡ评分和SOFA评分更高,液体蓄积更多,合并严重感染、使用血管活性药物比例更大(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示液体蓄积多(OR=1.032,95%CI 1.012~1.083)、高龄(OR=1.021,95%CI 1.005~1.075)、SOFA评分高(OR=1.218,95%CI 1.074~1.580)、使用血管活性药物(OR=1.016,95%CI 1.007~1.273)和白蛋白浓度低(OR=0.816,95%CI 0.751~0.967)是影响接受CRRT的AKI老年重症患者90 d死亡的危险因素。结论体内液体蓄积多、SOFA评分高、年龄大、使用血管活性药物和低白蛋白浓度是接受CRRT的AKI老年重症患者90 d死亡的影响因素。     

跌倒危险因素评分表在神经内科病房中的应用

目的探讨跌倒危险因素评分表在神经内科住院患者中的应用效果。方法应用跌倒危险因素评分表对2010年1～ 8月本院收治存在跌倒危险因素的167例患者进行评估,根据评估结果采取针对性预防护理措施。出院前调查患者跌倒发生率及对护士防跌倒护理工作满意度。结果患者住院期间未发生跌倒不良事件,患者对护士防跌倒护理工作满意度为99.8% 。结论对神经内科患者采用跌倒危险因素评估表进行评估,根据评估结果,采取针对性护理措施预防跌倒,能有效预防患者跌倒不良事件的发生。     

老年人恐惧跌倒相关性活动限制的研究进展

恐惧跌倒相关性活动限制在老年人中普遍存在,限制活动会给老年人带来严重危害。现存研究大多聚焦于跌倒和跌倒恐惧,对恐惧跌倒相关性活动限制的关注度不够。该文从老年人恐惧跌倒相关性活动限制的概述、测量工具、危害、影响因素、干预方法和效果5个方面进行综述,旨在提高医护人员对老年人恐惧跌倒相关性活动限制的关注,为进一步开展相关研究提供参考。     

老年髋关节置换术后并发深静脉血栓的相关危险因素分析

目的 分析老年髋关节置换术后并发深静脉血栓的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析行髋关节置换术的160例老年患者临床资料,按术后是否并发深静脉血栓分为并发深静脉血栓组24例和未并发深静脉血栓组136例,分析老年髋关节置换术后并发深静脉血栓的相关危险因素.结果 多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁、合并糖尿病、制动...     

Incidence and risk factors for developing fear of falling in older adults

Fear of falling is a potential cause of excess disability and an emerging public health problem. This study explores fear of falling in a longitudinal study of falls to determine incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for developing fear of falling. Prospective cohort study with annual follow-up for 2 years, conducted in a large urban metropolitan area, included 890 community-dwelling older adults--approximately equal numbers in four age groups over the age of 65. Demographic data, falls, injuries, balance, fear of falling, cognition, health, and functional status were collected through annual interviews. The prevalence of fear of falling increased over 2 years from 23 to 43%; the incidence averaged 22.5% in the 2 follow-up years. Having two or more falls, feeling unsteady, and reporting fair or poor health status were independent risk factors for developing fear of falling. The incidence and prevalence of fear of falling is significant among community-dwelling older adults and has the potential to impact function and quality of life. Public health nurses should consider fear of falling in practice, in developing screening and health programs for older adults, and as an important avenue for further research.