Ⅱ,Ⅲ期乳癌根治术后放疗87例临床分析

目的 对８７例乳癌根治术或改良根治术后局部放疗病从进行临床分析。方法 选择１９９１￣１９９４年我院收治的乳癌术后放疗病人,照射部位为患侧锁骨上下区内乳淋以链区、腋窝区、胸壁,照射靶区剂量４５至５５ＧＹ,４－６周,并进行５年随访。结果 Ⅱｂ期５年生存率６５．６％,Ⅲ期５年生存率４８．９％,腋窝淋巴结转移数目１－３个５年生存率７７．８％,４－９个５年生存率４３．３％,大于或等于１０个５年生存率２７．３     

鼻咽癌分期的研究—评’92福州分期标准

研究鼻咽癌分期。材料与方法首次放疗前经ＣＴ扫描检查的鼻咽癌２０４例，１９７９年长沙分期法和１９９２年福州分期法进行评价。结果本组随访率为９４．６％，５年生存率为５２．２％。按’９２福州分期法本组各项分布是：Ⅰ期２．５％，Ⅱ期２２．１％，Ⅲ期４８．５％，Ⅳ期２４．０％，Ⅳｂ期２．９％：各期５年生存率分别是８０％，７６．２％，５２．７％，４３．７％和０％。结论作者建议：（１）将原发肿瘤局限在鼻咽腔者列为Ｔ１。（２）将Ⅳ期分为Ⅳ。期（Ｔ４或Ｎ３）和Ⅳｂ期（任何Ｔ，任何Ｎ，Ｍ１）。     

小细胞肺癌外科为主的综合治疗结果

报告３０年间以外科为主综合治疗１０４例小细胞肺癌近远期疗效。切除８８例，切除率８４．６％。全肺切除１６例，常规肺叶切除（含双叶）６２例，袖式肺叶切除１０例，无切除死亡。临床ＴＮＭ分期：Ⅰ期７７例，Ⅱ期１９例，Ⅲａ期８例。病理ＴＮＭ分期；Ⅰ期４５例，Ⅱ期３２例，Ⅲａ期２５例，Ⅲｂ期１例，Ⅳ期１例。两者相比不符者达５４例。其中临床偏早者４６例，偏晚者８例。总随诊率９４．９％，总切除后５年生存率２７．５％。影响远期生存的可能因素为术式、病理分期以及术后辅助化疗。５年生存率：全肺切除与肺叶切除分别为１２．５％和３０．９％；Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期分别为３３．３％，１４．３％及３３．３％；有无辅助化疗者分别为３２．４％，及１６．７％。作者等提出，小细胞肺癌术前尽可能做到正确分期，Ⅰ、Ⅱ及Ⅲａ中的Ｔ３Ｎ０和Ｔ３Ｎ１病例适宜手术，术后皆应辅以化学治疗     

53例何杰金氏病临床分析

１９８４年３月至１９８９年１０月本院收治何杰金氏病５３例，均为病理证实。其中单纯化疗１１例，以Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为主；单纯放疗６例，均为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期病例；化疗合并放疗３６例。Ⅰ期５年生存率为９０％，Ⅱ期为８０．９５％，Ⅲ期为５５．５６％，Ⅳ期为６０％。首次治疗完全缓解者５年生存率为８２．５％，部分缓解者２０％，说明首次治疗近期疗效与远期疗效密切相关。     

男性乳腺癌36例诊断分析

目的：探讨男性乳腺癌的特点及影响预后的因素。方法：总结１８００例乳腺癌中３６例男性乳腺癌的发病率、病因、诊断、病理、治疗及预的的差异。结果：本组男性乳腺癌发病率为１．２％，临床分期Ｉ期６例（１６．７％），Ⅱ期５例（１３．９％），Ⅲ期２１例（５８．３％），Ⅳ期４例（１１．１％）。３２例手术治疗，腋窝淋巴结转移率为６８．８％。淋巴结转移程度为１６．４％。病理类型以浸润性非特殊型癌为主。５年生存率为７６     

影响牙龈鳞癌疗效因素（附90例临床分析）

１９７０年至１９８８年期间９０例牙龈鳞癌患者，按１９８７年ＵＬＣＣ标准分期，Ⅰ期９例（１０．０％）；Ⅱ期２５例（２７．８％）；Ⅲ期４２例（４６．７％）；Ⅳ期１４例（１５．６％）。采用单纯放疗１０例；单纯手术３７例；放疗＋手术治疗３０例；放疗＋化疗＋手术１３例。随访５年，１、３、５年的生存率分别为９０．０％，６１．１％，４７．８％。３、５年生存率随临床期别（Ⅱ期以上）增高而呈明显下降趋势（Ｐ＜０．０１）。笔者认为，对Ⅱ期以上牙龈鳞癌采用综合治疗较单纯放疗或单纯手术治疗有明显的优越性。     

综合治疗乳腺癌(附452例报告)

本文收集了４５２例以手术为主综合治疗的乳腺癌。对诊治中的有关问题进行了分析讨论。本组随访率为９２．３％。３年，５年生存率分别为７３．９６％和５３．６５％。较一般报告稍低。主因本组中晚期病例占绝大多数（Ⅰ期９．０７％，Ⅱ期４０．４８％，Ⅲ期４３．１４％和Ⅳ期７．３１％）。我们意见以手术为主综合治疗（含化疗、放疗、免疫治疗以及内分泌治疗等）是目前治疗可手术乳腺癌的有效措施且疗效显著。应该引起注意和推广。     

双侧原发性乳腺癌的临床分析

为探讨双侧原发性乳腺癌临床特点与诊断标准,现对１９９１年１月～１９９８年７月我院收治的１０例双侧原发性乳腺癌临床与病理资料进行分析。临床资料　１０例均为女性,首发癌时发病年龄３４～７５岁,中位年龄４６－５岁。绝经前７例。双侧乳腺发病平均间隔时间３－１４年。其中同步双侧乳腺癌２例,间隔时间５年内（包括５年）７例,间隔时间１０年１例。病期：２例同步双侧乳腺癌双侧均为Ⅰ期。８例异步双侧乳腺癌的首发癌中,Ⅰ期２例,Ⅱａ期３例,Ⅱｂ期２例,Ⅲｂ期１例。对侧癌中,Ⅰ期２例,Ⅱａ期３例,Ⅱｂ期２例,Ⅲｂ期１例…     

Barrett食管癌51例报告

报告５１例Ｂａｎｅｔｔ食管癌的外科治疗效果，占同期食管癌切除总数的１０．２％。患者平均年龄８岁，主要就诊症状为吞咽困难。按ＰＴＮＭ分期，Ⅱ期１８例，占３５．３％；Ⅲ期２９例，占５６．９％；Ⅳ期４例，占７．８％。５１例均行食管部分切除、胃食管重建术。术后３０天死亡率为３．９％，１、２和５年生存率分别为４５．９％、２５．０％和１３．６％。Ⅱ期肿瘤５年生存率（２５．０％）明显高于Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期（４．５％），两者差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。肿瘤直径＜６ｃｍ＜或＞６ｃｍ者，５年生存率分别为２５．０％和０（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明，术后长期生存率与临床分期及肿瘤大小等因素有密切关系。     

70例原发性阴道癌治疗的临床报告

为了探讨原发性阴道癌的预后因素及治疗方法,对１９６３ 年１０ 月至１９９３ 年１ 月间收治的７０ 例阴道癌病例进行回顾性分析。鳞癌５４ 例,腺癌１６ 例,放疗者５７ 例,手术者１３ 例,根据病灶部位不同采取不同治疗方法。各期的５ ａ 生存率为：Ⅰ期６１．１％ （１１／１８） ,Ⅱ期４２ ．３％ （１１／２６）,Ⅲ期２８．６ ％（４／１４）,Ⅳ期１６．７％（２／１２）,Ｐ＜ ０．０５;鳞癌及腺癌的５ ａ 生存率分别为４８．１ ％ 及１２．５％ ,Ｐ＜０ ．０１;不同病理分级的５ ａ 生存率为：Ⅰ级５８ ．３ ％ ,Ⅱ级４４．４ ％ ,Ⅲ级２２．７％ ,Ｐ＞ ０．０５;不同阴道受侵长度的５ ａ 生存率为：１／３ 受侵者５２．５ ％ ,２／３ 受侵者２５．０ ％ ,２／３ 受侵者１６．７ ％ ,Ｐ＜ ０．０１;总的５ ａ 生存率为４０ ．０％ （２８／７０） 。结果表明,临床期别、病理类型、阴道受侵长度与预后相关,病理分级与预后无关;阴道癌治疗首选放疗,早发现,早治疗,合理的放疗剂量分布及适合的剂量是提高生存率的关键。     

Trends in in-patient Hospital Utilization and Surgical Procedures for Breast,Prostate, Lung and Colorectal Cancers in Canada

Objective: To analyse population-based trends of in-patient surgical procedures for breast (female), prostate, lung and colorectal cancers. Methods: The Hospital Morbidity Files supplied hospital data and the Canadian Cancer Registry, incidence data. Age-adjusted rates were standardized to the 1991 Canadian population. Results: All four cancers showed major changes in trends of surgical procedures. For breast cancer, the rate of in-patient breast conservation surgery (BCS) increased from 1981 to the early 1990s while the rate of mastectomy decreased. Because day surgery was not included, the subsequent in-patient BCS rate stayed level. For prostate cancer, the rate of transurethral prostatectomy was initially high but decreased after 1990, while the rate of radical prostatectomy increased rapidly, only minimally affected by the PSA-related peak in incidence. The lung cancer lobectomy rate in men remained at 10/100,000 after 1986, but in women rose from 3/100,000 to 7/100,000, reflecting increasing lung cancer incidence. For colorectal cancer, right hemicolectomies and anterior resections increased, especially in men. Conclusions: Surgery trends reflected changes in incidence and treatment preferences. Canadian trends were generally similar to US trends, although the timing of some of the changes differed. Canadians tended to use less invasive procedures such as BCS and anterior resection.     

Processed meat consumption and risk of cancer: a multisite case–control study in Uruguay

Background:

The role of processed meat in the aetiology of several cancers was explored in detail.

Methods:

In the time period 1996–2004, a multisite case–control study was conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay. The study included 6 060 participants (3 528 cases and 2 532 controls) corresponding to cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, larynx, lung, female breast, prostate, urinary bladder, and kidney (renal cell carcinoma only).

Results:

The highest odds ratios (ORs) were positively associated with cancers of the colon, rectum, stomach, oesophagus, and lung. With the exception of renal cell carcinoma, the remaining cancer sites were significantly associated with elevated risks for processed meat consumption. Furthermore, mortadella, salami, hot dog, ham, and salted meat were strongly associated with risk of several cancer sites.

Conclusion:

It could be concluded that processed meat intake could be a powerful multiorgan carcinogen.     

Cancer surveillance behaviors and psychosocial factors among long‐term survivors of breast cancer

BACKGROUND:

Little is known about cancer surveillance (mammography, clinical breast examination, and pelvic examination) behaviors in long‐term (9‐16 years) breast cancer survivors. This report describes the relation of these behaviors to demographic and clinical characteristics, psychological symptoms, body satisfaction, and social support.

METHODS:

Survivors who had participated in Cancer and Leukemia Group B treatment Trial 8541 completed a survey that included questions on breast cancer surveillance and pelvic examination, psychological well being, body satisfaction, and social support.

RESULTS:

The participation rate was 78% and included 245 breast cancer survivors. Survivors (n = 107; 44%) reported completing breast cancer surveillance (mammography and clinical breast examination) and completing pelvic examination (n = 162; 68%) within recommended guidelines. There were no significant associations between breast cancer surveillance and breast cancer anxiety, depression, stressful life events, body satisfaction, social support, or demographic characteristics. Survivors within recommended guidelines for pelvic examinations were younger (P = .05), married (P = .003), had health insurance (P = .004), and had lower depression scores (P = .005) than survivors who underused or overused pelvic examination. In addition, survivors within recommended pelvic examination guidelines had significantly lower levels of breast cancer anxiety (P = .03) compared with survivors who underused pelvic examination.

CONCLUSIONS:

Many long‐term breast cancer survivors were not within recommended cancer surveillance guidelines. Private health insurance was associated with following recommendations for pelvic examinations, although such a relation did not exist for breast cancer surveillance. The results of this study have implications for the development of educational programs to improve cancer surveillance among the growing population of long‐term breast cancer survivors. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Rationale and design of the National Program of Cancer Registries' breast, colon, and prostate cancer patterns of care study

Background: Investigators from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR), are collaborating with public health professionals from seven states and the District of Columbia to conduct the Patterns of Care study to assess the quality of cancer data and to determine whether stage-specific treatments are being carried out. Methods: To assess the quality and completeness of cancer care data in the United States, trained staff from the Patterns of Care study are abstracting medical records to obtain detailed clinical data on treatment, tumor characteristics, stage at diagnosis, and demographics of representative samples of patients diagnosed with breast, colon, and prostate cancer. Altogether staff from each of the eight participating cancer registries will abstract 500 cases of breast, prostate, and colon/rectum/anus cancer for the CONCORD study and an additional 150 cases of localized breast cancer, 100 cases of stage III colon cancer, and 100 cases of localized prostate cancer for the Patterns of Care study. Chi-square tests will be used to compare routine registry data with re-abstracted data. The investigators will use logistic regression techniques to describe the characteristics of patients with localized breast and prostate cancer and stage III colon cancer. Age, race, sex, type of insurance, and comorbidity will be examined as predictors of the use of those treatments that are consistent with consensus guidelines. The investigators plan to use data from the CONCORD study to determine whether treatment factors are the reason for the reported differences between relative survival rates in the United States and Europe. Conclusions Results from the methodology used in the Patterns of Care study will provide, for the first time, detailed information about the quality and completeness of stage and treatment data that are routinely collected by states participating in the NPCR. It will add significantly to our understanding of factors that determine receipt of treatment in compliance with established guidelines. As part of the CONCORD study, it will also examine differences in survival among cancer patients with breast, prostate, and colon/rectum/anus cancers in the United States and Europe.     

Conundrums in screening for cancer

Screening for cancer has to be carefully organized for maximum effectiveness, and introduced in full understanding of the natural history of the disease. There are major potential harms as well as benefits from screening. The current state of art for breast, cervix and prostate cancer screening is reviewed, only for breast and cervix are policies of screening in the population justified.     

Clinical delivery of intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy for relapsed or second-primary head and neck cancer using a multileaf collimator with dynamic control

Background and purpose: Concave dose distributions generated by intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were applied to re-irradiate three patients with pharyngeal cancer.

Patients, materials and methods: Conventional radiotherapy for oropharyngeal (patients 1 and 3) or nasopharyngeal (patient 2) cancers was followed by relapsing or new tumors in the nasopharynx (patients 1 and 2) and hypopharynx (patient 3). Six non-opposed coplanar intensity modulated beams were generated by combining non-modulated beamparts with intensities (weights) obtained by minimizing a biophysical objective function. Beamparts were delivered by a dynamic MLC (Elekta Oncology Systems, Crawley, UK) forced in step and shoot mode.

Results and conclusions: Median PTV-doses (and ranges) for the three patients were 73 (65–78), 67 (59–72) and 63 (48–68) Gy. Maximum point doses to brain stem and spinal cord were, respectively, 67 Gy (60% of volume below 30 Gy) and 32 Gy (97% below 10 Gy) for patient 1; 60 Gy (69% below 30 Gy) and 34 Gy (92% below 10 Gy) for patient 2 and 21 Gy (96% below 10 Gy) at spinal cord for patient 3. Maximum point doses to the mandible were 69 Gy for patient 1 and 64 Gy for patient 2 with, respectively, 66 and 92% of the volume below 20 Gy. A treatment session, using the dynamic MLC, was finished within a 15-min time slot.     

Survival outcome of women with synchronous cancers of endometrium and ovary: a 10 year retrospective cohort study

Objective

Synchronous occurrence of endometrial and ovarian tumors is uncommon, and they affect less than 10% of women with endometrial or ovarian cancers. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological and clinical factors; and survival outcomes of women with these cancers.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study in a large tertiary institution in Singapore. The sample consists of women with endometrial and epithelial ovarian cancers followed up over a period of 10 years from 2000 to 2009. The epidemiological and clinical factors include age at diagnosis, histology types, grade and stage of disease.

Results

A total of 75 patients with synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers were identified. However, only 46 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up was 74 months. The incidence rate for synchronous cancer is 8.7% of all epithelial ovarian cancers and 4.9% of all endometrial cancers diagnosed over this time frame. Mean age at diagnosis was 47.3 years old. The most common presenting symptom was abnormal uterine bleeding (36.9%) and 73.9% had endometrioid histology for both endometrial and ovarian cancers. The majority of the women (78%) presented were at early stages of 1 and 2. There were 6 (13.6%) cases of recurrence and the 5 year cumulative survival rate was at 84%.

Conclusion

In our cohort, we found that majority of women afflicted with synchronous cancer of the endometrium and ovary were younger at age of diagnosis, had early stage of cancer and good survival.