复合靶控输注异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制重症肌无力患者气管插管反应的药效学

目的 探讨复合靶控输注异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制重症肌无力患者气管插管反应的药效学.方法 拟行经胸骨正中劈开胸腺切除术的重症肌无力患者45例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼进行麻醉诱导,异丙酚血浆靶浓度为4 μg/ml,瑞芬太尼初始效应室靶浓度(Ce)为1.8 ng/ml,依次按2.7、4.0、6.0 ng/ml梯度递增,至患者可耐受喉麻管置入声门下进行气管内表麻后,进行气管插管.采用概率单位回归分析法分别计算瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的Ce50和Ce95.结果 瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的Ce50为2.2 ng/ml,其95%可信区间为2.0～2.3 ng/ml;抑制气管插管反应的Ce95为3.0 ng/ml,其95%可信区间为2.8～3.5 ng/ml.结论 复合靶控输注异丙酚(血浆靶浓度为4 μg/ml)时,瑞芬太尼抑制重症肌无力患者气管插管反应的Ce50和Ce95分别为2.2、3.0 ng/ml.     

不同剂量右美托咪定对丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼用于整形外科手术患者麻醉效果的影响

目的 评价不同剂量右美托咪定对丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼用于整形外科手术患者麻醉效果的影响.方法 择期行大面积皮肤瘢痕切除和进行皮瓣转移的手术患者60例,性别不限,年龄18～64岁,体重45 ～ 75 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)、低剂量负荷量右美托咪定组(D1组)和高剂量负荷量右美托咪定组(D2组),D1组和D2组分别于麻醉诱导前10 min静脉输注右美托咪定0.6、1.0μg/kg负荷量,随后以0.4 μg· kg-1·h-1速率静脉输注至手术结束前30 min.麻醉诱导:靶控输注丙泊酚(血浆靶浓度4.0μg/ml)和瑞芬太尼(效应室靶浓度2.0 ng/ml),患者意识消失后静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,气管插管后,机械通气,麻醉维持:靶控输注丙泊酚(血浆靶浓度2.0 ～ 3.5 μg/ml)和瑞芬太尼(效应室靶浓度1.5 ～ 2.5 ng/ml),维持Narcotrend指数为D级.分别于麻醉前、右美托咪定输注10 min、气管插管前即刻、气管插管后1 min、气管插管后5 min、停止输注右美托咪定、拔除气管导管前即刻、拔除气管导管后1 min、拔除气管导管后5min时记录Narcotrend指数、收缩压(SP)、舒张压(DP)和HR.记录麻醉诱导时间、丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼的用量,记录自主呼吸、定向力恢复和拔除气管导管的时间.拔除气管导管后10 min时行镇静-躁动评分,记录术中窦性心动过缓和麻醉恢复期不良事件的发生情况.结果 与C组比较,D1组和D2组丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼的总用量和拔除气管导管后10 min时镇静-躁动评分、麻醉恢复期恶心、呛咳和躁动的发生率降低,右美托咪定输注10 min时Narcotrend指数和HR降低,D2组麻醉诱导时间缩短(P＜0.05或0.01),D2组术中窦性心动过缓发生率高于C组和D1组(P＜0.05),3组间自主呼吸恢复时间、定向力恢复时间和拔除气管导管时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).D1组和D2组气管插管前后和拔除气管导管前后SP、DP和HR差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对于整形外科手术患者,麻醉诱导前静脉输注右美托咪定负荷量0.6 μg/kg,随后以0.4 μg·kg-1 ·h-1速率输注可缩短麻醉诱导时间,减少丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼用量,有效地抑制气管插管和拔除气管导管时的应激反应,降低了不良反应的发生.     

异丙酚麻醉下瑞芬太尼抑制病人气管插管和切皮时心血管反应的效应室靶浓度

目的测定异丙酚麻醉期间瑞芬太尼抑制病人气管插管和切皮时心血管反应的效应室靶浓度(EC50和EC95)。方法择期全麻手术病人60例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄加～65岁,体重40～75 kg,随机分为6组(n=10):瑞芬太尼靶控输注(TCI),血浆靶浓度分别为1、2、3、4、5、6 ng/ml;异丙酚TCI,效应室靶浓度均为4.0μg/mI。病人意识消失后静脉注射维库溴铵0.15 mg/kg,气管插管。插管后2 min暂停瑞芬太尼TCI,切皮前10 min再以诱导时相同浓度瑞芬太尼TCI。记录入室安静时(基础值)、诱导后最低、插管后2 min内最高、切皮前1 min、切皮后2 min内最高的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)。MAP和HR诱导后最低值与插管后2 min内最高值、切皮前1 min与切皮后2 min内最高值比较升高>15%为心血管阳性反应。采用Probit法计算瑞芬太尼EC50和EC95。结果瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管时心血管反应的EC50为4.41 ng/ml,95%可信区间(95%CI)为3.97～5.05 ng/ml;相应的EC95为6.42 ng/ml,95%CI为5.54～8.09 ng/ml。瑞芬太尼抑制切皮时心血管反应的EC50为2.05 ng/ml,95%CI为1.36～2.59 ng/ml;相应的EC95为3.89 ng/ml,95%CI为3.20～5.71 ng/ml。结论异丙酚效应室靶浓度为4.0μg/ml时,靶控输注瑞芬太尼抑制病人对气管插管和切皮诱发的心血管反应呈剂量依赖性,其效应室EC50分别为4.41 ng/ml和2.05 ng/ml。     

TCI舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人麻醉恢复质量的比较

目的 比较TCI舒芬太尼和瑞芬太尼复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人的麻醉恢复质量.方法 择期行腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人40例,年龄40～64岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为2组(n=20):TCI瑞芬太尼复合麻醉组(R组)和TCI舒芬太尼复合麻醉组(S组).麻醉诱导:静脉注射阿托品0.25 mg,TCI异丙酚和瑞芬太尼(或舒芬太尼),异丙酚血浆靶浓度(Cp)为4.0μg/ml,瑞芬太尼Cp为4.0 ng/ml,舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度(Ce)为0.4 ng/ml,静脉注射维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg,气管插管后机械通气.麻醉维持:TCI异丙酚,瑞芬太尼Cp和舒芬太尼Ce分别为2.5、0.25 ng/ml,间断静脉注射维库溴铵0.03 mg/kg,调节异丙酚Cp和七氟醚浓度,维持Norcotrend指数37～56.记录苏醒时间、拔除气管导管时间和麻醉恢复期不良事件的发生情况.结果 与R组比较,S组苏醒时间和拔除气管导管时间延长,但是高血压、心动过速、呛咳、躁动和寒颤的发生率降低(P＜0.05);2组均无一例病人发生苏醒延迟或呼吸抑制.结论 与TCI瑞芬太尼复合麻醉比较,TCI舒芬太尼复合麻醉用于腹腔镜下结直肠癌根治术病人麻醉恢复质量较高.     

复合异丙酚时不同靶浓度瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术患者脑电双频谱指数的影响

目的 探讨复合异丙酚时不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对神经外科手术患者脑电双频谱指数(BIS)的影响.方法 择期拟行额颞部开颅手术患者15例,年龄18～64岁,体重50～85 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.先靶控输注异丙酚,效应室靶浓度为3μg/ml,效应室浓度达预设浓度后靶控输注瑞芬太尼,效应室靶浓度分别为2、3、4、5、6、7、8 ng/ml,效应室浓度依次达预设浓度时记录血压(BP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和BIS.瑞芬太尼效应室浓度达5 ng/ml时行气管插管和机械通气,于气管插管前即刻和气管插管后即刻记录BP、MAP、HR和BIS.结果 与基础值比较,异丙酚效应室浓度3μG/ml 和瑞芬太尼不同效应室浓度时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01);与异丙酚效应室浓度3μg/ml时比较,瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 nG/Ml时BIS降低(P<0.05或0.01).结论 复合异丙酚时靶控输注瑞芬太尼效应室浓度≥6 ng/ml时可降低神经外科手术患者的BIS.     

异丙酚靶控输注时瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效血浆浓度

目的测定异丙酚靶控输注时瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效血浆浓度。方法择期手术病人20例,瑞芬太尼靶控输注2 min后,输注血浆靶浓度为3 mg·L-1的异丙酚,病人意识消失后给予罗库溴铵行气管插管。瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度按序贯法确定,相邻血浆靶浓度之间比率为 1．2。结果瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效血浆浓度为2．6μg·L-1,95％可信区间为2．4- 2．8μg·L-1。结论在复合靶控输注3 mg·L-1异丙酚时,瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的半数有效血浆靶控浓度为2．6μg·L-1。     

妇科手术患者术后并发癔症3例

病例1 女性,44岁,拟在全麻下行腹腔镜全子宫切除术.靶控输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚(血浆靶浓度分别为5.0、5.5 μg/ml),静脉注射维库溴铵4 mg麻醉诱导后气管插管;靶控输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚(血浆靶浓度分别为2.5～5.0、3.0～5.5μg/ml)维持麻醉,间断静脉注射维库溴铵维持肌松.     

重症肌无力患者无肌松药下靶控输注丙泊酚时舒芬太尼诱导气管插管的半数有效浓度

目的 研究靶控输注(TCI)丙泊酚时舒芬太尼复合气管内表面麻醉,在无肌松药下诱导重症肌无力(MG)患者气管插管所需的半数有效浓度.方法 拟行经胸骨正中劈开胸腺切除术的MG患者20例,AsA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.麻醉诱导丙泊酚采用血浆浓度(Cp)TCI,维持3.5μg/ml不变;舒芬太尼采用效应室浓度(Ce)TCI,按序贯法确定浓度,依次为0.15、0.23、0.34、0.50 ng/ml等比递增,相邻效应室靶浓度之间比例为1.5.复合气管内表面麻醉后行气管插管.监测诱导、插管过程中的血压,心率和脑电双频指数(BIS).结果 50%患者完成插管时舒芬太尼的浓度为0.23 ng/ml,95%的可信区间为0.20～0.27 ng/ml.结论 MG患者在不使用肌松药和复合气管内表面麻醉的情况下完成气管插管,丙泊酚血浆靶浓度为3.5 μg/ml,舒芬太尼半数有效效应室靶浓度为0.23 ng/ml.     

不同剂量右美托咪啶复合异丙酚和瑞芬太尼用于腹部手术病人麻醉的效果

目的 评价不同剂量右美托咪啶复合异丙酚和瑞芬太尼用于腹部手术病人麻醉的效果.方法 择期拟在全麻下行腹部手术病人90例,性别不限,年龄18-64岁,体重45～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=30).对照组(C组)静脉输注生理盐水10ml/h;右美托咪啶0.25 μg·kg-1·h-1组(D1组)和右美托咪啶0.50μg·kg-1·h-1组(D2组)于15 min内静脉输注右美托咪啶负荷剂量0.5μg/kg,然后分别以0.25 μg·kg-1 ·h-1或的0.50 μg·kg -1·h-1速率静脉输注至拔除气管导管.麻醉诱导:TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度1.0μg/ml,静脉注射顺阿曲库铵0.2 mg/kg,TCI瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度3 ng/ml,气管插管后行机械通气.麻醉维持:TCI瑞芬太尼,血浆靶浓度5ng/ml,静脉输注顺阿曲库铵0.1 mg·kg-1·h-1,TCI异丙酚,调节其血浆靶浓度,维持Narcotrend指数37 ～ 46.记录术中瑞芬太尼、顺阿曲库铵和异丙酚的用量、气管导管拔除时间和苏醒时间、术中和麻醉恢复期不良反应的发生情况.结果 3间瑞芬太尼、顺阿曲库铵的用量和气管导管拔除时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与C组比较,D1组和D2组苏醒时间延长,术中高血压、心动过速和麻醉恢复期烦躁、呕吐、高血压、心动过速的发生率降低,D2组异丙酚用量减少(P＜0.05);与D1组比较,D2组苏醒时间延长,术中高血压和麻醉恢复期烦躁、心动过速和高血压的发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 复合异丙酚和瑞芬太尼时,静脉输注右美托咪啶0.50 μg·kg-1·h-1用于腹部手术病人麻醉的效果较好.     

靶控输注与静脉输注瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚用于局部麻醉患者镇静镇痛术效应的比较

目的 比较靶控输注与静脉输注瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚用于局部麻醉患者镇静镇痛术的效应.方法 局部麻醉辅助镇静镇痛术下择期整形外科手术的患者60例,年龄18 ～ 55岁,体重指数＜ 30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为2组(n=30):静脉输注组(V组)和靶控输注组(T组).T组局部麻醉前靶控输注瑞芬太尼(初始靶浓度1.0 ng/ml)和异丙酚(初始靶浓度1.0 μg/ml),V组瑞芬太尼静脉负荷剂量0.25 μg/kg,维持速率0.05μg-kg-1·min-1,异丙酚负荷剂量0.5 mg/kg,维持速率3mg· kg-1·h-1.术中调整靶浓度或输注速度以维持改良的OAA/S评分2或3分,术中记录低氧血症、呼吸过缓和/或暂停的发生情况,计算异丙酚和瑞芬太尼的总用量.结果 与V组比较,T组术中低氧血症、呼吸过缓和/或暂停的发生率明显降低,异丙酚和瑞芬太尼总用量明显减少(P＜0.05).结论 靶控输注瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚用于局部麻醉患者镇痛镇静术具有良好的安全性目效应优于静脉输注.     

靶控输注异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制患者喉罩置管反应的药效学

目的 探讨TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制患者喉罩置管反应的药效学.方法 择期乳腺纤维瘤切除术患者36例,年龄18～59岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,BMI＜30 kg/m2.采用序贯法进行试验,TCI异丙酚,Ce为4.0μg/ml,待患者意识消失后,TCI瑞芬太尼,初始Ce 2.9 ng/ml,待Ce与血浆浓度达平衡后3 min置入喉罩,相邻Ce之比为1.2.喉罩置入成功的标准为:Muzi评分≤2分且喉罩置入后3 min内MAP和HR升高不超过基础值水平的15%.结果 瑞芬太尼抑制喉罩置管反应的EC50为2.75ng/ml,95%可信区间为2.51～3.01 ng/ml.结论 TCI异丙酚Ce为4.0μg/ml时瑞芬太尼抑制患者喉罩置管反应的EC50为2.75 ng/ml.     

人工流产术患者复合异丙酚时靶控输注瑞芬太尼的药效学

目的 探讨人工流产术患者复合异丙酚4.5 μg/ml时靶控输注瑞芬太尼的药效学.方法 拟行人工流产术患者135例,年龄18～30岁,ASAI级,孕6～10周.随机分为9组(n=15):瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为0.5、0.8、1.1、1.4、1.7、2.0、2.3、2.6和2.9 ng/ml(Ⅰ组～Ⅸ组).各组异丙酚效应室靶浓度均为4.5 μg/ml.采用概率单位回归分析法,计算麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95及其95%可信区间(CI)和呼吸抑制时瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95及其95%CI.结果 麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC50为1.67 ng/ml,其95%CI为1.45～1.90 ng/ml,EC95为3.88 ng/ml,其95%CI为3.08～5.89 ng/ml;呼吸抑制时瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度EC50为2.44 ng/ml,其95%CI为2.28～2.64 ng/ml,EC95为3.36 ng/ml,其95%CI为2.99～4.34 ng/ml.麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC95高于呼吸抑制时效应室靶浓度EC95(P＜0.05).结论 人工流产术患者复合异丙酚4.5 μg/ml时,麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95,分别为1.67、3.88 ng/ml,呼吸抑制时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95,分别为2.44、3.36 ng/ml.     

异丙酚麻醉下瑞芬太尼抑制不同年龄老年患者气管插管和切皮反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度

目的 确定异丙酚麻醉下瑞芬太尼抑制不同年龄老年患者气管插管和切皮反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度(EC50).方法 择期全麻老年患者116例,年龄60～79岁,体重39～82 kg,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,按年龄及刺激不同分为4组,靶控输注异丙酚,待患者意识消失时靶控输注瑞芬太尼,Ⅰ-TI组(60～69岁,n=33)和Ⅱ-TI组(70～79岁,n=31)第1例患者瑞芬太尼初始血浆靶浓度设为3.5 ng/ml,待效应室浓度与血浆靶浓度达平衡后静脉注射维库溴铵0.1 me,/kg,3 min后行气管插管.Ⅰ-SI组(60～69岁,n=26)和Ⅱ-SI组(70～79岁,n=26)第1例患者气管插管后瑞芬太尼初始血浆靶浓度设为2.5 ng/ml,待效应室浓度与血浆靶浓度达平衡后维持10 min,开始切皮,采用改良序贯法进行试验.发生心血管反应的标准:气管插管或切皮后3 min内平均动脉压或心率较气管插管或切皮前的基础值升高超过20%.计算各组EC50及其95%可信区间(CI).结果 Ⅰ-TI组和Ⅱ-TI组瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的EC50及其95%CI分别为2.90(2.76～3.04)ng/ml和3.16(2.90～3.41)ng/ml,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅰ-SI组和Ⅱ-SI组瑞芬太尼抑制切皮反应的EC50及95%CI分别为1.90(1.76～2.04)ng/ml和1.77(1.68～1.85)ng/ml,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Ⅰ-TI组比较,Ⅰ-SI组EC50降低(P<0.05);与Ⅱ-TI组比较,Ⅱ-SI组EC50降低(P<0.05).结论 60～69岁患者靶控输注异丙酚至意识消失时瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管和切皮反应的EC50分别为2.90、1.90ng/ml,70～79岁患者分别为3.16、1.77 ng/ml,不随年龄增加而改变.     

不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响

目的 探讨不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响.方法择期全麻手术患者50例,年龄20～55岁,体重48～86 kg,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,BMI＜30 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为5组(n=10):R0组、R1组、R2组、R3组、R4组.麻醉诱导时R0组～R4组瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为0、2 4 6和8 ng/ml,异丙酚初始效应室靶浓度2.0 μg/ml,待效应室浓度稳定之后每隔1 min增加0.5 μg/ml,直至BIS值降至50.记录患者意识消失时的BIS值、异丙酚效应室浓度.记录BIS值降至50时的异丙酚效应室浓度、异丙酚总用量及所需时间.结果 与R0组比较,R2组～R4组意识消失时BIS值升高,异丙酚效应室浓度降低,BIS值降至50时异丙酚总用量和异丙酚效应室浓度降低,所需时间缩短(P＜0.05或0.01),R.组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);R2组～R4组意识消失时BIS值和异丙酚效应室浓度、BIB值降至50时异丙酚总用量和异丙酚效应室浓度以及所需时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度达4 ng/ml时可增强异丙酚的镇静效应,且4、6和8 ng/ml时该作用无差异.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different target effect-site concentrations (Ces) of remifentanil on the sedative effect of propofol. Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-55 yr weighing 48-86 kg with body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 10 each) . Anesthesia was induced with TCI of remifentanil (Ce = 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 ng/ml in groups R0-R4 respectively) and propofol. The initial Ce of propofol was 2.0 μg/ml in the 5 groups, and then the Ce of propofol increased by 0.5 μg/ml every 1 min until BIS value decreased to 50. BIS value and Ce of propofol were recorded as the patient lost consciousness. The effect-site concentration and consumption of propofol and the time required were recorded when BIS value decreased to 50.Results BIS value was significantly increased, while the effect-site concentration of propofol was significantly decreased as the patient lost consciousness, and the effect-site concentration and consumption of propofol were significantly decreased and the time required was shortened when BIS value decreased to 50 in R2-R4 groups compared with group R0 (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) . Conclusion The sedative effect of propofol can be enhanced when the Ce of remifentanil reaches 4 ng/ml, and the effects are comparable when the Ce of remifentanil reaches 4, 6 and 8 ng/ml.     

右美托咪啶复合靶控输注异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的量效关系

目的 确定右美托咪啶复合靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的效应室靶浓度(EC50和EC95).方法 单肺通气全麻胸外科手术患者30例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄40 ～ 64岁,体重指数＜30 kg/m2.经10 min静脉输注右美托咪啶0.6 μg/kg,随后以0.3μg·kg-1·h-1的速率维持至手术结束前30 min.TCI舒芬太尼3 min后TCI异丙酚,Ce 3 μg/ml,意识消失时静脉注射罗库溴铵0.8 mg/kg行双腔气管插管.采用序贯法进行试验,TCI舒芬太尼初始Ce 0.3 ng/ml,如果前一例患者发生气管插管反应,则下一例患者采用高一级浓度,否则采用低一级浓度,相邻靶浓度之间比率为1.1.气管插管反应的标准:气管插管后3 min内MAP波动幅度超过基础水平15％和/或HR＞90次/min.采用概率单位回归分析法计算舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC50和EC95.结果 舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml,其95％可信区间为0.20～0.26 ng/ml;抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC95为0.26 ng/ml,其95％可信区间为0.24～0.31 ng/ml.结论 右美托咪啶复合TCI异丙酚时,舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC50和EC95分别为0.23和0.26 ng/ml.     

Target-controlled infusion or manually controlled infusion of propofol in high-risk patients with severely reduced left ventricular function

OBJECTIVE: To compare hemodynamics, time to extubation, and costs of target-controlled infusion (TCI) with manually controlled infusion (MCI) of propofol in high-risk cardiac surgery patients. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized. SETTING: Major community university-affiliated hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty patients undergoing first-time implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator with severely reduced left ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction <30%). INTERVENTIONS: Anesthesia was performed using remifentanil, 0.2 to 0.3 microg/kg/min, and propofol. Propofol was used as TCI (plasma target concentration, 2 to 3 microg x mL; n = 10) or MCI (2.5 to 3.5 mg/kg/hr; n = 10). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hemodynamics were measured at 6 data points: T1, before anesthesia; T2, after intubation; T3, after skin incision; T4, after first defibrillation; T5, after third defibrillation; and T6, after extubation. There were no significant hemodynamic differences between the 2 groups. Dobutamine was required to maintain cardiac index >2 L/min/m(2) in significantly more patients of the TCI group than of the MCI group. Mean dose of propofol was higher in the TCI patients (6.0 +/- 1.0 mg/kg/hr) than in the MCI patients (3.0 +/- 0.4 mg/kg/hr) (p < 0.05), whereas doses of remifentanil did not differ. Time to extubation was significantly shorter in the MCI (11.9 +/- 2.4 min) versus the TCI group (15.6 +/- 6.8 min). Costs were significantly lower in MCI patients (34.73 dollars) than in TCI patients (44.76 dollars). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with severely reduced left ventricular function, TCI and MCI of propofol in combination with remifentanil showed similar hemodynamics. TCI patients needed inotropic support more often than MCI-treated patients. Although extubation time was longer in TCI patients and costs were higher, both anesthesia techniques can be recommended for early extubation after implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator.     

老年患者七氟醚复合麻醉与异丙酚复合麻醉效果的比较

目的 比较老年患者七氟醚复合麻醉与异丙酚复合麻醉的效果.方法 择期行腹部手术的老年患者60例,年龄65～80岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=30):七氟醚复合麻醉组(S组)和异丙酚复合麻醉组(P组).麻醉诱导:舒芬太尼初始效应室靶浓度为0.25 ng/ml,异丙酚初始血浆靶浓度为2.0 μg/ml,患者意识消失时,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,气管插管后行机械通气.麻醉维持:S组吸入七氟醚,呼气末浓度1.0%～2.0%,P组靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～4 μg/ml,两组均靶控输注舒芬太尼,效应室靶浓度0.15 ng/ml,静脉输注罗库溴铵0.15 mg·kg-1·h-1.两组均维持脑电双频谱指数40～60,平均动脉压、心率波动不超过基础值的30%.记录围术期血管活性药物使用情况、苏醒时间、拔管时间和清醒时间.结果 与P组比较,S组乌拉地尔使用率降低,苏醒时间、拔管时间和清醒时间缩短(P<0.05或0.01).结论 与异丙酚复合舒芬太尼麻醉比较,老年患者七氟醚复合舒芬太尼麻醉时血液动力学更加平稳,麻醉恢复较快,更适于老年患者.     

Clinical variables related to propofol effect-site concentrations at recovery of consciousness after neurosurgical procedures

Target controlled infusion (TCI) systems and computer data acquisition software are increasingly used in anesthesia. It was hypothesized that the use of such systems might allow retrieval of information useful to anticipate the effect-site concentrations of propofol at which patients would recover from anesthesia. The goal of the study was to identify variables related to propofol effect-site concentrations at recovery of consciousness (ROC). Sixteen patients with a Glasgow of 15, ASA 1 or 2, subjected to neurosurgical procedures, received TIVA with TCI propofol and remifentanil. Data were collected every 5 seconds from Datex AS3 and Aspect A200XP (BIS). Effect-site TCI was used for propofol (initial effect target 5.0 microg/ml) and for remifentanil (initial plasma target 2.5 ng/ml). All clinical events were noted. Variables possibly related to propofol effect-site concentration at ROC were selected. Data are expressed as mean +/- SD. Effect-site propofol concentration at ROC was 1.3 +/- 0.5 microg/ml. A positive correlation was found between propofol effect-site concentration at ROC and: age (49.3 +/- 17 years) (P = 0.003); mean remifentanil dose during surgery (0.11 +/- 0.05 microg/kg/min) (P = 0.003); mean propofol dose during surgery (0.12 +/- 0.03 mg/kg/min) (P = 0.046); and remifentanil effect-site concentration at ROC (2.85 +/- 2.06 ng/ml) (P = 0.002). Propofol effect-site concentrations were not correlated with: weight, height, LBM, duration of anesthesia, minimum BIS at induction (30.4 +/- 6.8), time till minimum BIS (4.7 +/- 2.2 min), mean and median BIS during surgery (38.2 +/- 4.5 and 37.8 +/- 5.3). BIS-related variables were not useful as ROC predictors. Only drug variables and age correlated with propofol effect-site concentrations at ROC.     

舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制前列腺电切术老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定舒芬太尼复合TCI异丙酚抑制经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)老年患者尿道镜置入反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 拟行TURP的患者22例,年龄65～79岁,体重47～81 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级.TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml,异丙酚达到靶浓度后开始TCI舒芬太尼;采用序贯法,按照患者是否发生尿道镜置入反应确定舒芬太尼的效应室靶浓度,初始效应室靶浓度为0.3 ng/ml,相邻浓度比值为1.1.计算舒芬太尼的EC50及其95%可信区间.结果 舒芬太尼抑制尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml,95%可信区间为0.12～0.44 ng/ml.结论 复合TCI异丙酚(血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml)时,舒芬太尼抑制TURP老年患者尿道镜置入反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the half-effective target effect-site concentration (EC50 ) of sufentanil inhibiting the urethroscope insertion response when combined with propofol by target-controlled infusion (TCI) in the elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) . Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅰ- Ⅲ patients, aged 65 -79 yr, weighing 47-81 kg, undergoing TURP, were enrolled in the study. Anesthesia was performed with TCI of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was 4 μg/ml. The target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was determined by up-and-down sequential trial. The initial target effect-site concentration of sufentanil was 0.3 ng/ml and the ratio of the target concentrations between the two consecutive patients was 1.1. The ECW and 95% confidence interval of sufentanil required to inhibit the response to urethroscope insertion were calculated. Results The EC50 of sufentanil required to inhibit the urethroscope insertion response was 0.23 ng/ml (95% confidence interval 0.12-0.44 ng/ml). Conclusion When combined with propofol by TCI (target plasma concentration 4 μg/ml), the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting the response to urethroscope insertion is 0,23 ng/ml in the elderly patients undergoing TURP.