鼻和口咽梅毒的临床病理特点

目的　非性病专业临床和病理医生对鼻、口咽部梅毒误诊率较高 ,探讨检测活体组织内梅毒螺旋体的方法 ,以提高鼻、口咽部梅毒检出率。方法　以 12例鼻、口咽部可疑梅毒螺旋体感染的活检黏膜为研究对象 ,用HE染色观察其病理学特点 ,用改良的Warthin Starry (W S)染色法检测病变组织及其渗出物涂片中的梅毒螺旋体。用性病研究实验室试验 (venerealdiseaseresearchlaboratory,VDRL)、快速血浆反应素试验 (rapidplasmareagincircletest,RPR)、荧光螺旋体抗体吸收试验 (fluorescenttrepnemalantibody absorptiontest,FTA ABS)、螺旋体血细胞凝集试验 (trepnemapallidumhemagglutinationtest,TPHA)加以证实。用国家颁布的驱梅方法进行治疗。结果　W S染色显示 12例切片黏膜上皮中及 6例渗出物涂片内见大量梅毒螺旋体 ,固有膜内螺旋体很少发现。血清学检查 :11例次VDRL( + + + + ) ,7例次RPR ( + ) ,1例次FTA ABS( + ) ,11例次TPHA( + )。 1例回当地治疗 ,未作血清学检查。 11例均临床治愈 ,血清学检查均转阴性。结论　用病理组织化学改良的W S染色方法 ,能直观地显示活检标本及渗出物涂片内梅毒螺旋体 ,结合临床及梅毒血清学检查 ,可以提高鼻及口咽部梅毒的检出率     

Leiomyosarcoma of the mouth floor and oropharynx]

Leiomyosarcomas arise rarely in the head and neck. We report a 41-year-old woman with an extremely rare leiomyosarcoma of the floor of the mouth extending to the oropharynx. This article stresses the value of imaging methods such as CT, MRI and ultrasound for preoperative diagnosis, and emphasises histopathological findings. The therapeutic principles and prognostic factors of leiomyosarcomas are illustrated on the basis of this case.     

Imaging of the hypopharynx, oropharynx and parapharyngeal spaces]

Progress in upper aerodigestive imaging improved pathologic staging and therapeutic choices. Imaging, especially CT scan is now indispensable for staging the upper aerodigestive cancers. Some anatomic areas must be explored with special attention because of their importance for therapeutic decision.     

Reversible sudden deafness in early acquired syphilis

Although congenital syphilis is a well established cause of hearing loss, early acquired syphilis is frequently overlooked in the differential diagnosis of sensorineural deafness. This is due, in part, to a decrease in the incidence of syphilis and to the advent of penicillin in previous years which reduced this complication to a clinical rarity. However, with the increase in new cases of syphilis in the past decade, early acquired syphilitic deafness is being seen with increasing frequency. Along with it is the syndrome of early syphilitic meningitis with sudden sensorineural deafness. This potentially reversible condition should be considered in sexually active patients in whom sudden deafness develops. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for maximum recovery of hearing.     

The human respiratory nasal mucosa in nasal syphilis. An ultra-microscopic study

The fine structure of the human tertiary syphilitic nasal mucosa was studied in 5 patients. The epithelium showed variations in thickness, loss of cilia, irregular cell contours, widened intercellular spaces, rare goblet cells. The seromucinous glands were in three forms. The arterioles and capillaries varied in relation to the pathology of the surrounding tissue. The venules were least affected. The stroma was infiltrated by macrophages, plasma cells with some areas having excessive fibrosis and others partially necrotic. These findings were correlated to the histochemical reactions. Scattered Treponema pallidum were seen, demonstrating the blood-borne dissemination and the infective nasal secretions.     

340例眩晕患者的病因分析

目的分析眩晕患者的常见病因,减少临床误诊和漏诊。方法收集340例以眩晕为主诉的耳鼻咽喉头颈外科就诊患者,根据病史、临床症状和体征、相应的辅助检查结果,分析确定病因。结果眩晕发生于各个年龄段,成人多见,亦可见于儿童,周围性眩晕占77.05%,其中BPPV占28.23%,中枢性眩晕占8.82%,非前庭系统性眩晕占10.30%,其中精神性眩晕占5.59%,原因不明者占3.82%。结论眩晕常见病因是周围性眩晕,BPPV最为常见,但随着年龄的增加,中枢性眩晕在病因所占的比例逐渐增加,而中青年患者精神性眩晕发病率亦较高。临床医师应提高对BPPV和精神性眩晕的认识,同时也不可忽视发生率低的一些疾病的存在。     

Stage 3 syphilis of the mouth cavity]

BACKGROUND: Untreated syphilis or lues is a chronic infectious disease. It is caused by treponema pallidum, which is most commonly transmitted by sexual contact and occasionally by blood transfusion or by intrauterine infection. If the disorder is not treated, its clinical course can be chronic, persisting for decades. During this time, a variety of morphological signs occur depending on the stage of the disease. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of tertiary syphilis in the oropharynx with a defect of the soft palate. In a 37-year-old woman, the first symptom was a dryness of the throat followed by a feeling of foreign body in the palate area. The patient had a history of sexual contact with a man who had had syphilis ten years ago, and our initial suspicion was confirmed by a final diagnosis of tertiary syphilis. Signs of primary or secondary syphilis were not observed. RESULTS: In the course of diagnostic procedures both further manifestatons of syphilis and other infectious or malignant causes were excluded. The serological results showed a typical constellation of Treponema and non-Treponema serum reactions. The histopathological examination of an exploratory excision from the soft palate showed granulomatous changes with peripheral participation of plasma cells. We initiated appropriate antibiotic therapy, using clemizole penicillin G over a period of 21 days, which induced healing of the soft palate. CONCLUSIONS: A defect of the soft palate was diagnosed as a very rare sign of tertiary syphilis.     

Smoking and other patient factors in HPV-mediated oropharynx cancer: A retrospective cohort study

PurposeTo characterize the significance of patient-level influences, including smoking history, on oncologic outcomes in human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).Materials and methodsA bi-institutional retrospective cohort study of previously untreated, HPV+ OPC patients who underwent curative treatment from 1/1/2008 to 7/1/2018 was performed. The primary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS) and the primary exposure was ≤10 versus >10-pack-year (PY)-smoking history.ResultsAmong 953 OPC patients identified, 342 individuals with HPV+ OPC were included. The median patient age was 62 years, 33.0% had a > 10-PY-smoking history, 60.2% had AJCC8 stage I disease, and 35.0% underwent primary surgery. The median follow-up was 49 months (interquartile range [IQR] 32–75 months). Four-year DFS-estimates were similar among patients with ≤10-PY-smoking history (78.0%, 95% CI:71.7%–83.1%) compared to >10-PYs (74.8%; 95% CI:65.2%–82.0%; log-rank:p = 0.53). On univariate analysis, >10-PY-smoking history did not correlate with DFS (hazard ratio[HR]:1.15;95% CI:0.74–1.79) and remained nonsignificant when forced into the multivariable model. On adjusted analyses, stage, treatment paradigm, and age predicted DFS. Neither >10-PYs, nor any other definition of tobacco use (e.g., current smoker or > 20-PYs) was predictive of DFS, overall survival, or disease-specific survival. Conversely, age nonsignificantly and significantly predicted adjusted DFS (adjusted HR[aHR]:1.02,95% CI:0.997–1.05, p = 0.08), overall survival (aHR 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.08; p = 0.002) and disease-specific survival (aHR 1.04;95% CI: 0.99–1.09;p = 0.09).ConclusionOther than age, patient-level influences may not be primary drivers of HPV+ OPC outcomes. Although limited by its modest sample size, our study suggests the significance of smoking has been overstated in this disease. These findings and the emerging literature collectively do not support risk-stratification employing the >10-PY threshold.Level of evidenceLevel 4     

Photodynamic therapy of early stage oral cavity and oropharynx neoplasms: an outcome analysis of 170 patients

The indications of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of oral cavity and oropharynx neoplasms are not well defined. The main reason is that the success rates are not well established. The current paper analyzes our institutional experience of early stage oral cavity and oropharynx neoplasms (Tis-T2) to identify the success rates for each subgroup according to T stage, primary or non-primary treatment and subsites. In total, 170 patients with 226 lesions are treated with PDT. From these lesions, 95 are primary neoplasms, 131 were non-primaries (recurrences and multiple primaries). The overall response rate is 90.7% with a complete response rate of 70.8%. Subgroup analysis identified oral tongue, floor of mouth sites with more favorable outcome. PDT has more favorable results with certain subsites and with previously untreated lesions. However, PDT can find its place for treating lesions in previously treated areas with acceptable results.     

An immunohistological study of normal parotid gland]

Cytoskeletal proteins from each epithelial component of the parotid gland were studied immunohistologically using monospecific monoclonal antibodies, and we obtained several interesting results: 1) The expression of vimentin, S-100 protein and GFAP were essentially unrecognizable. 2) The expression of alpha-actin was recognized only in myoepithelial cells, and was negative in other tissues. 3) The expression of CK-3, CK-6, CK-7, CK-8 and CK-18 was commonly recognized in both acinal and ductal cells. 4) The expression of CK-13 and CK-19 was recognized in ductal cells, but was negative in acinal cells. 5) We propose that the characteristic cell be referred to as a "duct satellite cell", as it comprises part of the intercalated duct and is sporadically localized around striated and layer ducts. 6) These duct satellite cells express all subclasses of cytokeratin observed in myoepithelial, acinal and ductal cells. 7) The duct satellite cells observed in this study are most likely to correspond to the undifferentiated reserve cells described in "bicellular theory", and we speculate that all epithelial tissues of the parotid gland originate from these cells.     

Head and neck masses in children: A clinicopathological study

Fifty children with head and neck masses were evaluated clinically and pathologically. Inflammatory swellings constituted the majority (54%). Congenital - developmental malformations were the next common lesions (30%) and neoplastic masses constituted the rest (16%). Tuberculous lymphadenitis was found to be the single most common etiology (28%). Among congenital-developmental malformations, cystic hygroma was the most frequent lesion. The incidence of branchial cleft abnormalities was found to be low and no thyroglossal duct cyst was observed in this series. Among the neoplastic masses malignant lesions were more common than benign tumours and lymphoma was the most common head and neck malignancy observed.     

Surgery of the palate and oropharynx

Progress in successful surgical treatment of the obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has been based on adjunctive treatment of the hypopharynx. Still the palate and oropharynx are the major areas of intervention, and certainly the most commonly operated upon. To ensure a successful outcome, appropriate surgical candidates must be identified. The authors present a method of clinical staging based on the position of the tongue relative to the soft palate as well as the size of the tonsils, aimed at identifying the most likely level of obstruction in patients who have OSAHS. We also present several surgical techniques that address obstruction at the level of the soft palate and oropharynx.     

Orbital neurofibrosarcoma. Clinical and etiological study; apropos of a case

This case report is about a relapsing conjunctive sarcoma affecting a 67 year old woman, involved with Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. Surgical orbital exenteration was necessary for curative treatment and reconstruction used a temporal muscle flap. Through this report, emphasis is placed on diagnosis difficulties and possibility of serious development concerning these malignant tumors in the scope of neurofibromatosis.