健康教育中的行为理论

健康教育的目的是帮助人们形成有益于健康的行为和生活方式,进而通过人们行为生活方式的改善来预防疾病、增进健康,提高生活质量.为此,需要研究人们的行为生活方式、发展、改变的规律,发现影响健康相关行为的因素,为采取有针对性的健康教育干预措施提供依据.     

Behavioral health benefits in employer-sponsored health plans, 1997

Data for 1997 show that three-quarters or more of employer-sponsored health plans continue to place greater restrictions on behavioral health coverage than on general medical coverage. The nature of these restrictions varies by plan type. Some improvement in the treatment of mental health/substance abuse (MH/SA) benefits in employer plans may be occurring, however. Comparisons with data from 1996 show that the proportion of plans with benefits for "alternative" types of MH/SA services, such as nonhospital residential care, has increased. Further, the proportion with special limitations on these benefits shows a modest decrease.     

Behavioral science perspectives on health hazard/health risk appraisal.

Health-promotion efforts often employ HRA as a device for providing an individual with quantitative information about the consequences of personal health-related behaviors and as an attempt to motivate the client to adopt recommendations directed at establishing a healthier lifestyle. From a behavioral science perspective, the HRA approach and process contain elements that (at least in retrospective analysis) appear to be founded in relevant bodies of theory. First, HRA seems to be a reasonably efficient mechanism for transmitting information relative to associations between personal health behaviors and mortality risks. Moreover, while general knowledge and advice about the untoward consequences of risk factors (such as smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, etc.) are currently widespread, HRA provides new and specific information: the client's own relative risks. Some individuals who voluntarily participate in HRA bring to the experience an already high level of readiness to take action; for them, the technique may constitute the final necessary stimulus or "cue to action" [12]. Referring to a "borrowing from the future" phenomenon, Green points out that "some educational efforts are really only triggers to behavior that would have changed eventually anyway" [44, p. 159]. Thus, where motivation is sufficiently high, receipt of HRA feedback information may by itself be capable of inducing behavior change. Second, the focus on awareness and personalization of mortality risk fits well with most theoretical formulations concerning attitudes and beliefs involved in health-related decision making. Although the emphasis on mortality and often distant negative outcomes is problematic, increasing the client's perception of personal vulnerability is a psychologically defensible approach, and fear arousal can generate attitude change (although questions of appropriate level, duration of effects obtained, acceptability, etc. still need to be resolved). Third, HRA might be expected to enhance the client's perception of the benefits associated with lifestyle modifications and may even increase personal belief in his or her ability to undertake such changes in behavior. However, in light of the fact that the behaviors to be altered are complex, usually well-established and repetitive, and require different skills to extinguish, the provision of typical HRA feedback should not (on a theoretical basis) ordinarily be expected to accomplish much beyond information transmission, belief or attitude change, and the induction of some level of motivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Turning nurses into health IT superusers

Just training nurses and hoping they're happy with health information technology is a losing proposition. Most Wired hospitals find it best to get nurses involved in digital decisions early on.     

行为心脏病学与健康促进

1健康的核心 2001年我国卫生资源的总消耗是6140亿元,占GDP的6．4％;因疾病、伤残和过早死亡损失7800亿元,占GDP的8．2％,合计接近14000亿元,而长江三峡工程15年的总投资才2000亿元。我国每年用于主要心血管疾病的医疗费用达1301．2亿元,其增长速度接近国内生产总值增长速度的2倍;预计到2020年,心脑血管疾病总的死亡负担还将增长1倍,给家庭和社会造成沉重的负担,因此必须寻找出既经济又确有实效的防治方法。     

Behavioral health managers take hold

With mental health and substance-abuse treatment costs averaging about 10% of a company's annual health bill, companies are looking for new ways to cap expenses. Some firms have decided to give specialists the job of managing the behavioral health portion of their medical benefits programs, according to a new survey of 350 companies by the Wyatt Co.