小肠肿瘤诊断:双气囊小肠镜与其他检查手段的对比研究

目的比较双气囊小肠镜与小肠稀钡灌注和胶囊内镜检查在小肠肿瘤诊断中的诊断率和准确率。方法对59例临床怀疑小肠肿瘤患者行双气囊小肠镜检查。其中有34例和17例患者分别同期行插管法小肠稀钡灌注或胶囊内镜检查。检查分别由专职医师独立操作并诊断，最后进行汇总比较。结果34例小肠稀钡灌注检查者中，19例诊断为小肠肿瘤或怀疑小肠肿瘤，诊断率为55．9％，最终经双气囊小肠镜确诊为12例，诊断准确率为63．2％（12／19例）；在15例小肠稀钡灌注阴性者中，双气囊小肠镜发现肿瘤3例。17例胶囊内镜检查者中，8例检查结果为小肠肿瘤或怀疑小肠肿瘤，诊断率为47．1％，最终经双气囊小肠镜确诊为4例，诊断准确率为4／8例；在9例胶囊内镜阴性者中，双气囊小肠镜发现小肠肿瘤2例。59例患者中，经一侧进镜检查后（经口或经肛）发现小肠肿瘤36例，完成双侧检查后发现肿瘤16例。7例患者在双侧检查后未发现任何病变。双气囊小肠镜对小肠肿瘤的检出率为88．1％，并经病理和临床随访确诊。上述三项检查中未见明显的与操作相关的并发症。结论双气囊小肠镜在小肠肿瘤诊断率及准确率方面明显优于小肠稀钡灌注和胶囊内镜检查。     

双气囊小肠镜与胶囊内镜诊断小肠出血病因比较

目的比较双气囊小肠镜和胶囊内镜在小肠出血中的诊断准确率和实用价值。方法24例原因不明的可疑小肠出血患者分别接受双气囊小肠镜和胶囊内镜检查。双气囊小肠镜首选进镜方式分为经口或经肛2种，首选方式检查后未发现病灶者，日后改换进镜方式再行检查。胶囊内镜采用以色列GIVEN公司产品。2种检查方法分别由专门医师独立操作并诊断，最后进行汇总比较。结果24例患者中21例通过小肠镜检查发现病灶，总检出率为87．5％。24例患者行胶囊内镜检查后，有阳性发现者11例(45．8％)，另13例无异常发现。双气囊小肠镜检查发现的阳性病灶均经活检病理和手术探查证实，其病因诊断准确率为87．5％，胶囊内镜诊断准确率为25％。在耐受性评估方面，胶囊内镜和全麻下经口进镜的耐受性最佳，以后依次为非麻醉经肛方式和非麻醉经口方式。所有小肠镜和胶囊内镜检查者中未见操作相关的严重不良反应。结论①经口和经肛方式结合能使双气囊小肠镜完成对全小肠的检查。②双气囊小肠镜在不明原因小肠出血的病因诊断方面明显优于胶囊内镜检查。③胶囊内镜在小肠多节段病变和长段病变的诊断上仍有一定价值。④胶囊内镜和全麻下经口双气囊小肠镜检查是一项易为患者接受的、安全的检查方法。     

胶囊内镜和双气囊小肠镜对小肠疾病诊断价值的比较

目的 分析比较胶囊内镜(CE)和双气囊小肠镜(DBE)对小肠疾病的诊断价值。方法 对2018年10月至2022年11月在我院消化内镜中心完成的164例CE和101例DBE检查患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。比较两组患者的疾病诊断率、检查时间、检查耐受性和不良反应发生率。结果 两组患者一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DBE组的疾病检出率高于CE组(P<0.05)。DBE组疑似肠道出血患者的诊断率明显高于CE组(P<0.05),但对不明原因腹痛、腹胀及其他患者的诊断差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与CE组相比,DBE组需要的检查时间更短,不良反应发生率更高,检查耐受性更低(P<0.05)。结论 DBE和CE对小肠疾病的诊断都很有效,但DBE在诊断小肠出血方面表现出更大的潜力。     

双气囊小肠镜与胶囊内镜在小肠出血应用中的对比研究

目的比较双气囊小肠镜与胶囊内镜在小肠出血中的病变检出率、病因诊断率、耐受性和安全性,初步探讨双气囊小肠镜对小肠出血的内镜下治疗。方法2006年4月至2009年10月烟台毓璜顶医院消化内科收治的可疑小肠出血患者159例,其中81例患者行双气囊小肠镜检查,首选进镜方式分为经口或经肛2种,首选方式检查后未发现病灶者,日后改换进镜方式再行检查。对活动性出血病灶行内镜下止血治疗。另78例患者行胶囊内镜检查。两组患者分别由专门医师独立操作并诊断,最后进行汇总分析,对比双气囊小肠镜与胶囊内镜的临床应用价值。结果双气囊小肠镜组的病变检出率为95.06%,病因诊断率为82.72%,23例检查时见病变活动性出血,行内镜下止血治疗,21例止血成功,内镜止血成功率为91.30%;胶囊内镜组的病变检出率82.05%,病因诊断率为66.67%。双气囊小肠镜组的病因检出率及病因诊断率均显著高于胶囊内镜组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在耐受性方面,胶囊内镜的耐受性最好,双气囊小肠镜的耐受性依次为:全麻下经肛进镜、全麻下经口进镜、非麻醉经肛进镜、非麻醉经口进镜。所有患者均未发生严重并发症。结论双气囊小肠镜对小肠出血的病因诊断明显优于胶囊内镜,并且可行内镜下止血治疗,是一项安全、有效的临床诊疗方法。     

胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值

小肠疾病虽然不常见，但诊断相当困难。传统的x线检查（全消化道钡餐或小肠钡灌）诊断敏感性相当低且特异性差，特别是对小肠的非隆起性病变诊断尤为困难。推进式小肠镜难于到达小肠中下段，在我国普及率很低。胶囊内镜（capsule endoscopy）由可吞服的胶囊样摄像机、便携式记录仪和计算机图像分析仪三大部分组成。吞服后的胶囊样摄像机借助胃肠蠕动通过食管、胃到达小肠．摄像机电池工作时间为7～8h，在多数受检者胶囊可通过回盲瓣到达大肠，摄像机以至少每秒2张的速度拍摄图像，小肠黏膜清晰易见。胶囊内镜在小肠疾病诊断的应用最早于2000年美国DDW上报道．至今4年来已有50多个国家使用．积累了不少经验．国内外发表的有关文章数百篇。     

胶囊内镜与双气囊内镜诊断小肠疾病的比较

目的比较胶囊内镜和双气囊内镜对小肠疾病的检出率和诊断准确性，探讨其联合应用的临床意义。方法对116例不明原因消化道出血和102例不明原因腹痛或腹泻患者，共218例进行内镜检查。其中165例首选胶囊内镜，53例首选双气囊内镜。对胶囊内镜检查阴性或可疑病变者建议双气囊内镜检查，反之亦然。比较两种检查方法对小肠疾病的检出率、诊断率以及患者依从性、不良反应发生率等。结果1例胶囊内镜和2例双气囊内镜操作失败。51例患者行64次双气囊内镜检查，其中34例经口、4例经肛检查，13例分别接受经口和经肛检查。胶囊内镜对小肠病变的总检出率及对不明原因消化道出血的小肠疾病检出率（72．0％和88．0％），均明显高于双气囊内镜（41．2％和60．0％），诊断率也高于后者（51．8％和39．2％）。5例胶囊内镜检查阴性再经双气囊内镜检查者中，1例发现病灶；15例胶囊内镜检查怀疑小肠病变者中，12例经双气囊内镜结合活检病理确诊。而3例双气囊内镜未发现异常者再经胶囊内镜检查发现小肠病变。所有患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论胶囊内镜对小肠疾病检出率高，可作为怀疑小肠疾病，尤其是不明原因消化道出血的首选检查方法；双气囊内镜在胶囊内镜检查阴性者中仍可发现部分病灶，并能明确多数胶囊内镜下可疑病变，可作为胶囊内镜检查后的补充检测手段。     

胶囊内镜序贯联合双气囊小肠镜诊断小肠出血

目的评价胶囊内镜(capsule endoscopy,CE)序贯联合双气囊小肠镜(double-balloon enteroscopy,DBE)检查对小肠出血疾病(small intestine bleeding,SIB)的临床诊断价值。方法回顾性分析106例行CE检查及部分序贯联合DBE检查SIB患者的临床资料。结果 106例SIB患者病因明确诊断率为96.2%(102/106),以肠黏膜糜烂、溃疡性病变25.5%(27/106)、血管病变24.5%(26/106)、小肠肿瘤、隆起病变23.6%(25/106)最常见;行CE和DBE检查的病变检出率分别为89.6%(95/106)、96.2%(50/52),病因诊断率分别为50.9%(54/106)、92.3%(48/52),DBE检查病因诊断率显著高于CE检查,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);CE和DBE检查发现血管病变、肿瘤隆起病变与憩室分别为22.6%(24/106)、0.9%(1/106)和51.9%(27/52)、15.4%(8/52),DBE对血管病变、肿瘤隆起病变与憩室病因的诊断率高于CE,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在小肠出血患者中CE检查对血管病变、肿瘤隆起病变与憩室的病因诊断低于DBE检查;CE序贯联合DBE检查应用能提高小肠出血疾病的病变检出率及病因诊断率。     

国产OMOM胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值

近年来随着胶囊内镜和推进式双气囊小肠镜的引进和应用，小肠疾病的诊断获得了突破性的进展。但以上进口设备的价格和检查费用昂贵，难以被广大患者所接受。2005年3月重庆金山科技集团公司自主研发的OMOM胶囊内镜正式投放市场。现回顾分析我院2005年7月以来25例OMOM胶囊内镜的临床资料，以阐明国产OMOM胶囊内镜对小肠疾病的诊断价值和优势。     

胶囊内镜检查与双气囊小肠镜检查的比较

2007年5月21日在美国胃肠内镜学会（ASGE）召开的专题讨论会上，专家们对小肠检查中应用胶囊内镜还是双气囊小肠镜检查，孰优孰劣争执不休，但大家一致认为能够满足患者需要的才是最佳选择。但是，“只要有可能，还是应该首选胶囊内镜”。伦敦帝国大学圣玛丽医院Christopher Paul Swain教授称胶囊内镜为“患者之友”，其创伤最小，且视野广。     

双气囊内镜和胶囊内镜诊断小肠出血的临床评价

目的评价双气囊内镜和胶囊内镜对小肠出血的临床诊断价值。方法比较双气囊内镜、胶囊内镜及全消化道造影对小肠出血病灶的总体检出率;通过自身对照,比较双气囊内镜和胶囊内镜对小肠出血诊断率;分析胶囊内镜对1次双气囊内镜检查明确诊断率的影响。结果105例小肠出血患者中,双气囊内镜检出克罗恩病24例,腺癌15例,慢性非特异性炎症12例,不明原因小肠溃疡10例,小肠间质肿瘤8例,小肠息肉8例,小肠血管畸形出血6例,钩虫病5例,麦克尔憩室及多发憩室5例,小肠淋巴瘤3例,无明显异常9例,阳性率91．4％（96／105）。其中40例进行胶囊内镜检查,病变检出率75．0％（30／40）;75例患者全消化道造影检查,病变检出率33．3％（25／75）。根据胶囊内镜结果1次双气囊内镜检查明确诊断率90．0％（36／40）,而根据临床特征及消化道造影结果1次双气囊内镜检查明确诊断率69．2％（45／65）。结论小肠疾病的主要病因是小肠良性溃疡（包括克罗恩病）、肿瘤、慢性炎症,其次是息肉、血管畸形、寄生虫感染、麦克尔憩室及淋巴瘤等。双气囊内镜对小肠出血诊断率高于胶囊内镜,胶囊内镜能提高1次双气囊内镜明确诊断率。     

A meta-analysis of the yield of capsule endoscopy compared to other diagnostic modalities in patients with non-stricturing small bowel Crohn's disease

OBJECTIVES: Capsule endoscopy (CE) allows for direct evaluation of the small bowel mucosa in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). A number of studies have revealed significantly improved yield for CE over other modalities for the diagnosis of CD, but as sample sizes have been small, the true degree of benefit is uncertain. Additionally, it is not clear whether patients with a suspected initial presentation of CD and those with suspected recurrent disease are equally likely to benefit from CE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of CE compared with other modalities in symptomatic patients with suspected or established CD using meta-analysis. METHODS: We performed a recursive literature search of prospective studies comparing the yield of CE to other modalities in patients with suspected or established CD. Data on yield among various modalities were extracted, pooled, and analyzed. Incremental yield (IY) (yield of CE--yield of comparative modality) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of CE over comparative modalities were calculated. Subanalyses of patients with a suspected initial presentation of CD and those with suspected recurrent disease were also performed. RESULTS: Nine studies (n = 250) compared the yield of CE with small bowel barium radiography for the diagnosis of CD. The yield for CE versus barium radiography for all patients was 63% and 23%, respectively (IY = 40%, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 28-51%). Four trials compared the yield of CE to colonoscopy with ileoscopy (n = 114). The yield for CE versus ileoscopy for all patients was 61% and 46%, respectively (IY = 15%, p= 0.02, 95% CI = 2-27%). Three studies compared the yield of CE to computed tomography (CT) enterography/CT enteroclysis (n = 93). The yield for CE versus CT for all patients was 69% and 30%, respectively (IY = 38%, p= 0.001, 95% CI = 15-60%). Two trials compared CE to push enteroscopy (IY = 38%, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 26-50%) and one trial compared CE to small bowel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (IY = 22%, p= 0.16, 95% CI =-9% to 53%). Subanalysis of patients with a suspected initial presentation of CD showed no statistically significant difference between the yield of CE and barium radiography (p= 0.09), colonoscopy with ileoscopy (p= 0.48), CT enterography (p= 0.07), or push enteroscopy (p= 0.51). Subanalysis of patients with established CD with suspected small bowel recurrence revealed a statistically significant difference in yield in favor of CE compared with all other modalities (barium radiography (p < 0.001), colonoscopy with ileoscopy (p= 0.002), CT enterography (p < 0.001), and push enteroscopy (p < 0.001)). CONCLUSIONS: In study populations, CE is superior to all other modalities for diagnosing non-stricturing small bowel CD, with a number needed to test (NNT) of 3 to yield one additional diagnosis of CD over small bowel barium radiography and NNT = 7 over colonoscopy with ileoscopy. These results are due to a highly significant IY with CE over all other modalities in patients with established non-stricturing CD being evaluated for a small bowel recurrence. While there was no significant difference seen between CE and alternate modalities for diagnosing small bowel CD in patients with a suspected initial presentation of CD, the trend toward significance for a number of modalities suggests the possibility of a type II error. Larger studies are needed to better establish the role of CE for diagnosing small bowel CD in patients with a suspected initial presentation of CD.     

Atypical indications for small bowel capsule endoscopy

Obscure bleeding remains the most important indication for small bowel capsule endoscopy, but some other small bowel diseases have also been studied. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the recent literature concerning atypical or rare indications for the small bowel capsule endoscopy.     

Factors associated with incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy studies

AIM:To identify patient risk factors associated with incomplete small bowel capsule endoscopy(CE) studies.METHODS:Data from all CE procedures performed at St.Paul's Hospital in Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada,between December 2001 and June 2008 were collected and analyzed on a retrospective basis.Data collection for complete and incomplete CE study groups included patient demographics as well as a number of potential risk factors for incomplete CE including indication for the procedure,hospitalization,dia...     

Diagnosing small bowel Crohn's disease with wireless capsule endoscopy

BACKGROUND: The small bowel is the most commonly affected site of Crohn's disease (CD) although it may involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. The current methodologies for examining the small bowel are x ray and endoscopy. AIMS: To evaluate, for the first time, the effectiveness of wireless capsule endoscopy in patients with suspected CD of the small bowel undetected by conventional modalities, and to determine the diagnostic yield of the M2A Given Capsule. PATIENTS: Seventeen patients (eight males, mean age 40 (15) years) with suspected CD fulfilled study entry criteria: nine had iron deficiency anaemia (mean haemoglobin 10.5 (SD 1.8) g%), eight had abdominal pain, seven had diarrhoea, and three had weight loss. Small bowel x ray and upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic findings were normal. Mean duration of symptoms before diagnosis was 6.3 (SD 2.2) years. METHODS: Each subject swallowed an M2A Given Capsule containing a miniature video camera, batteries, a transmitter, and an antenna. Recording time was approximately eight hours. The capsule was excreted naturally in the patient's bowel movement, and the data it contained were retrieved and interpreted the next day. RESULTS: Of the 17 study participants, 12 (70.6%, six males, mean age 34.5 (12) years) were diagnosed as having CD of the small bowel according to the findings of the M2A Given Capsule. CONCLUSIONS: Wireless capsule endoscopy diagnosed CD of the small bowel (diagnostic yield of 71%). It was demonstrated as being an effective modality for diagnosing patients with suspected CD undetected by conventional diagnostic methodologies.     

Video capsule endoscopy of the small bowel.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: It is now more than 6 years since capsule endoscopy was first introduced to the gastroenterological community. This disposable 26 x 11 mm video capsule, containing its own optical dome, light source, batteries, transmitter and antenna, is swallowed with water after a 12 h fast. The capsule is propelled via peristalsis through the gastrointestinal tract, capturing about 60 000 digital images, and is excreted naturally. Capsule endoscopy has become a first-line tool for detecting abnormalities in the small bowel, because all other imaging technologies are rather ineffective. This review covers recent developments in capsule endoscopy technology and provides an update of its main indications. RECENT FINDINGS: There are some clear indications for capsule endoscopy: obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, suspected small bowel tumour (in which it is becoming a primary investigational tool), suspected Crohn's disease, surveillance of inherited polyposis syndromes, drug-induced small bowel injury, and any abnormal small bowel imaging. Controversy persists regarding what is a normal small bowel appearance, which is exacerbated by the inability to take biopsies and thus differentiate between entities; with technological advances, however, it is hoped that this will be addressed. SUMMARY: Capsule endoscopy has been incorporated into the gastroenterologists' daily life, changing the approach to many small bowel pathologies.     

小肠胶囊内镜的临床应用价值

小肠曾因其特殊的解剖位置而成为消化系统的检查盲区,自第一个批准用于临床的胶囊内镜上市以来,其简便、安全、无创的特点使小肠胶囊内镜被公认为目前诊断小肠疾病的一线工具,用于诊断不明原因消化道出血、缺铁性贫血、小肠肿瘤、克罗恩病等小肠疾病。文章就小肠胶囊内镜在小肠疾病诊断的临床应用及研究进展做一阐述。     

胶囊内镜在小肠肿瘤诊断中的作用

目的 探讨胶囊内镜在诊断小肠肿瘤中的作用及对其治疗的价值.方法 收集2002年5月至2007年2月因疑似小肠疾病而行胶囊内镜检查者共358例,对其中疑诊小肠肿瘤者作进一步检查,根据内镜或手术病理结果明确诊断.结果 358例中共明确诊断小肠肿瘤33例(男14例,女19例),平均年龄(51±17)岁,发现率为9.22%,其中恶性肿瘤23例,占69.70%,良性肿瘤10例,占30.30%.临床表现分别为不明原因消化道出血26例、出血伴腹痛2例、腹痛2例,腹痛伴腹泻1例,腹泻伴出血1例,呕吐1例.良性肿瘤组行手术治疗后原有症状基本消失,恶性肿瘤组2例未行手术治疗,3例行姑息性手术治疗,18例彻底切除病灶.胶囊内镜所提示病变部位与术中发现病灶位置基本吻合.结论 胶囊内镜对小肠肿瘤具有较高的检出率,且小肠肿瘤中以恶性者居多.经胶囊内镜明确诊断后将彻底改变对患者的治疗策略.