铜陵市部分医院细菌耐药性监测与分析

目的了解安徽省铜陵市临床分离菌株耐药状况。方法2007年1～12月铜陵市临床分离菌株用Kirby-Bauer法进行药敏试验。结果1375株细菌中,革兰阳性菌399株,占29．0％;革兰阴性菌976株,占71．0％。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）分别占金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）的18．4％和70．0％;MRSA和MRCNS对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、克林霉素和红霉素等均高度耐药,对利福平、氯霉素和呋喃妥因的耐药率均较低,未见耐万古霉素葡萄球菌。粪肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、呋喃妥因、磷霉素和氯霉素的耐药率较低,未见耐万古霉素和替考拉宁粪肠球菌;屎肠球菌对磷霉素和氯霉素耐药率较低,发现2株耐万古霉素屎肠球菌。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）株分别占49．3％和35．9％,产ESBLs株除对亚胺培南和美罗培南敏感外,对其他20种抗生素的耐药率均较不产ESBLs株高。非发酵菌对碳青霉烯类、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、哌拉西林／三唑巴坦、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、阿米卡星、环丙沙星等耐药率较低。结论革兰阳性菌对糖肽类抗生素耐药率低;革兰阴性菌对碳青霉烯类、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、哌拉西林／三唑巴坦等耐药率低。加强细菌耐药性监测对合理使用抗生素、减少耐药菌株的产生和流行有重要临床指导价值。     

铜陵地区2007年细菌耐药性监测

目的 了解安徽省铜陵地区临床分离菌株耐药状况.方法 2007年1-12月铜陵地区临床分离菌株用Kirby-Bauer法进行药敏试验.结果 1 375株细菌中革兰阳性菌399株,占29.0%;革兰阴性菌976株,占71.0%;MRSA和MRCNS分别占金葡菌和CNS的18.4%和70.0%;MRSA和MRCNS对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、克林霉素和红霉素等均高度耐药,对利福平和氯霉素的耐药率均较低;未见耐万古霉素葡萄球菌;粪肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、呋喃妥因、磷霉素和氯霉素的耐药率较低,未见耐万古霉素和耐替考拉宁粪肠球菌;屎肠球菌对磷霉素和氯霉素耐药率较低,发现2株万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌.大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中产ESBLs株分别占49.3%和35.9%,产ESBLs株除对亚胺培南和美罗培南均无耐药外,对其他19种抗菌药物的耐药率均较非产ESBLs株高;不发酵糖菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南和头孢哌酮-舒巴坦等耐药率较低.结论 革兰阳性菌对糖肽类抗生素耐药率低;肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦和阿米卡星等耐药率低.     

安徽省铜陵地区2008年细菌耐药性监测

目的了解安徽省铜陵地区临床分离菌株耐药状况。方法2008年1—12月铜陵地区临床分离菌株用Kirby-Bauer法进行药敏试验。结果1 476株细菌中革兰阳性菌408株占27.6%;革兰阴性菌1 068株占72.4%;MRSA和MRCNS分别占金葡菌和CNS的24.1%和62.9%;MRSA和MRCNS对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、克林霉素和红霉素等均高度耐药,对利福平和氯霉素的耐药率均较低;未见耐万古霉素葡萄球菌;粪肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、呋喃妥因、磷霉素和氯霉素的耐药率较低,未见耐万古霉素和替考拉宁粪肠球菌;屎肠球菌对磷霉素和氯霉素耐药率较低,发现1株万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中产ESBLs株分别占49.3%和30.9%,产ESBLs株除对亚胺培南和美罗培南均无耐药外,对其他19种抗菌药物的耐药率均较非产ESBLs株高;不发酵糖菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南和头孢哌酮-舒巴坦等耐药率较低。结论革兰阳性菌对糖肽类抗菌药物耐药率低;肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦和阿米卡星等耐药率低。     

安徽省铜陵地区2009年细菌耐药性监测

目的 了解安徽省铜陵地区临床分离菌株耐药状况.方法 2009年1～12月铜陵地区临床分离菌1 977株用KirbyBauer法进行药敏试验.结果 1977株细菌中革兰阳性菌430株,占21.8%;革兰阴性菌1 547株,占78.2%;MRSA和MRCNS分别占金葡菌和CNS的21.5%和61.6%;MRSA和MRCNS对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、克林霉索和红霉素等均高度耐药,对利福平和氯霉素的耐药率均较低;未见耐万古霉素和替考拉宁葡萄球菌;粪肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、呋喃妥因、磷霉素和氯霉素的耐药率较低;屎肠球菌对磷霉素和氯霉素耐药率较低,未见耐万占霉素和替考拉宁肠球菌.大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中产ESBLs株分别占53.4%和44.4%,产ESBLs株除对亚胺培南和美罗培南均无耐药外,对其他19种抗菌药物的耐药率均较非产ESBLs株高;不发酵糖菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率较往年上升.结论 革兰阳性菌对糖肽类抗生素无耐药;肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦和阿米卡星等耐药率低;不发酵糖菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率较往年上升.     

安徽省铜陵地区2010年细菌耐药性监测

目的了解安徽省铜陵地区2010年临床分离菌株耐药状况。方法 2010年1—12月铜陵地区临床分离菌株用纸片法(Kirby-Bauer)作药敏试验。结果此期获得的2 217株细菌中革兰阳性菌498株,占22.5%;革兰阴性菌1 719株,占77.5%;MRSA和MRCNS分别占金葡菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的34.8%和75.1%;MRSA和MRCNS对庆大霉素、环丙沙星、克林霉素和红霉素等均高度耐药,未见耐万古霉素和替考拉宁葡萄球菌;粪肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、呋喃妥因、磷霉素和氯霉素的耐药率较低;屎肠球菌对磷霉素和氯霉素耐药率较低,未见耐万古霉素和替考拉宁肠球菌。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中产ESBLs株分别占53.2%和39.9%,产ESBLs株除对亚胺培南和美罗培南均无耐药株外,对其他19种抗菌药物的耐药率均较非产ESBLs株高;不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率较往年上升。结论未发现对糖肽类抗生素耐药的葡萄球菌属菌株;肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦和阿米卡星耐药率低;不发酵糖革兰阴性杆菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率较往年上升,应加强抗菌药物的合理使用和医院感染控制。     

铜陵地区2003年度细菌耐药性监测

目的：了解安徽省铜陵地区临床分离菌株耐药状况。方法：2003年1—12月铜陵地区临床分离菌株用Kitby-Bauer法进行药敏试验。结果：918株细菌中革兰阳性菌393株占42．8％，革兰阴性菌525株占57．2％。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(金葡菌)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)分别占金葡菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)的35．4％和85．6％。金葡菌和CNS对青霉素、氨苄西林及庆大霉素等均高度耐药，对利福平、磷霉素及氯霉素的耐药率均较低；未见耐万古霉素葡萄球菌。粪肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林的耐药率较低，对利福平、磷霉素、万古霉素和替考拉宁无耐药；屎肠球菌对万古霉素和替考拉宁也无耐药。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中产超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBLs)株分别占32．7％和33．9％，产ESBLs株对16种抗菌药物的耐药率均较不产ESBLs株高，对亚胺培南均无耐药。结论：细菌耐药有一定的地区性，定期对本地区细菌耐药性进行监测，对合理使用抗菌药物、减少耐药菌株的产生和流行有重要临床指导价值。     

安徽省铜陵地区2011年细菌耐药性监测分析

目的了解安徽省铜陵地区临床分离菌株分布及耐药情况。方法 2011年1～12月铜陵地区临床分离细菌2026株,采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)进行药敏试验,采用CLSI2010年版标准判断结果。结果革兰阳性菌株占31.1%(628/2026);革兰阴性菌占68.9%(1398/2026);耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)分别占金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)的44.1%和63.9%;MRSA和MRCNS对青霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、克林霉素和红霉素等均高度耐药,对利福平和氯霉素的耐药率均较低,未见耐万古霉素和替考拉宁的葡萄球菌;粪肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、呋喃妥因、磷霉素和氯霉素的耐药率较低,屎肠球菌对磷霉素和氯霉素耐药率较低,未见耐万古霉素和替考拉宁肠球菌。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属产ESBLs株分别占50.6%和37.4%,产ESBLs株除对亚胺培南和美洛培南均无耐药外,对其他常用抗菌药物的耐药率均较非产ESBLs株高;不发酵糖革兰阴性菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率较往年上升。结论细菌耐药性仍然呈增长趋势,对临床构成严重威胁,临床应合理使用抗生素,积极采取有效防控措施。     

安徽省铜陵地区2011年细菌耐药性监测

目的了解安徽省铜陵地区临床分离菌株耐药状况。方法用Kirby-Bauer法进行药敏试验,用WHONET5．5软件进行耐药性分析。结果2011年共收集非重复临床分离菌2690株,其中革兰阴性菌1995株,占74．2％,革兰阳性菌695株,占25．8％。MRSA和MRCNS分别占金葡菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的45．1％和71．6％;MRSA和MRCNS对8内酰胺类抗生素耐药,对庆大霉素、环丙沙星和红霉素等均高度耐药,未见耐万古霉素和替考拉宁葡萄球菌属。粪肠球菌对青霉素、呋喃妥因和磷霉素的耐药率较低,未见耐氨苄西林、万古霉素和替考拉宁的粪肠球菌;2株（2／77,2．6％）屎肠球菌对万古霉素和替考拉宁均耐药。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中产ESBI。S株分别占46．6％和27．7％,未发现对亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药的菌株。铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南和阿米卡星的耐药率分别为29．5％、36．9％和2．3％。不动杆菌属对米诺环素和头孢哌酮一舒巴坦的耐药率分别为26．4％和12．5％,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均在60．0％以上。结论除少量屎肠球菌外,革兰阳性菌对糖肽类抗菌药物无耐药。肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦和阿米卡星等耐药率低。碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌检出率显著增高,应加强抗菌药物的合理使用和医院感染监控。     

2003年广州地区常见病原菌耐药性调查

目的 了解广州地区常见病原菌耐药情况，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法 采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验．用WHONET5．1软件进行统计分析。结果 共收集病原菌2047株，其中革兰阳性球菌697株，革兰阴性杆菌1350株；耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌分别占70．8％和82．4％，未发现耐万古霉素的葡萄球菌和肠球菌；大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属产ESBLs的发生率为39．2％和44．7％，产ESBLs菌株对各种抗菌药物的耐药率(亚胺培南除外)均高于不产ESBLs株；肠杆菌属对第三代头孢菌素的耐药率较高。结论 加强对细菌耐药性监测是非常必要的。     

ICU病房下呼吸道感染病原菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

目的了解本院ICU病房下呼吸道感染细菌的临床分布及耐药现状。方法收集2010年本院ICU病房患者的痰液标本作细菌培养。培养的阳性细菌以K-B法进行药敏试验。结果检出医院病原菌549株,以革兰阴性杆菌为主,占62.8%,革兰阳性球菌和真菌分别占31.0%、6.2%。检出细菌以铜绿假单胞菌为首占14.9%,依次为鲍氏不动杆菌(14.2%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(13.1%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(11.8%)、大肠埃希菌(10.2%)。其中大肠埃希菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)阳性菌株为71.4%,肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs阳性菌株为77.8%,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)及耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)的检出率分别为81.5%、70.0%。革兰阳性球菌对磷霉素、利福平等耐药率相对较低,目前尚未发现耐万古霉素的革兰阳性球菌;革兰阴性杆菌对阿米卡星、亚胺培南耐药率相对较低,ESBLs阳性的大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、MRSA及MRCNS多表现为多重耐药,其他革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌等均表现为不同程度的耐药。亚胺培南、含β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的复合制剂为ESBLs阳性菌较为敏感的药物。结论掌握ICU病房下呼吸道感染细菌的临床分布及耐药现状,指导医生合理用药。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.