基于气相色谱质谱联用技术分析木香及川木香不同炮制品挥发油的化学成分

目的:探讨不同炮制方法对木香及川木香挥发油成分的影响。方法:采用切制、清炒、麸炒、纸煨方法炮制木香与川木香,测定不同炮制品的挥发油含量,应用气相色谱质谱联用技术检测各样品成分组成。结果:经炮制后,药材中挥发油含量减少,且随辅料的加入,油量变更少。鉴定出化合物木香生品38种、清炒品36种、麸炒品34种、纸煨品34种;川木香生品32种、清炒品35种、麸炒品35种、纸煨品34种。木香经过炮制后,水芹烯、桧烯、石竹烯等一些芳香成分含量降低,去氢木香内酯、石竹素、香叶基丙酮等药效成分含量逐渐升高。川木香成分变化与木香相似,但芳香成分更少。木香与川木香的相同成分有去氢木香内酯、单紫杉烯、榄香烯、木香醇、α-木香醇;经正交偏最小二乘法判别分析得木香与川木香的含量差异物质有二氢去氢木香内酯、mokkolactone、α-木香醇、γ-木香醇、α-bergamotenol、萘、单紫杉烯、α-selinene、2-isopropenyl-4a, 8-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a, 5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene、(3Z,3aR,7aS)-3-ethylidene-1,2,3a...     

不同煨制方法对川木香煨制品质量的比较研究

目的：探讨不同煨制方法对川木香煨制品质量的影响。方法：采用4种煨制方法（隔纸煨、面裹煨、滑石粉煨、麦麸煨）对川木香进行煨制,以外观性状、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、挥发油的含量为评价指标,比较不同煨制方法对川木香煨制品质量的影响。结果：不同煨制方法制得的川木香煨制品在性状、有效成分含量、挥发油含量上有一定差异。结论：麦麸煨品、隔纸煨品质量较佳。     

HPLC法测定不同来源木香饮片中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量

目的:考察不同商品地来源木香饮片及麸煨品中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量。方法:以甲醇为溶剂,超声提取后,采用HPLC法对不同商品地来源的木香饮片及麸煨品中的木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量进行了测定。结果:14种不同商品地木香饮片生品中两个指标性成分含量总量最高为7.65%,最低为2.11%,差3倍以上;麸煨品中两个指标性成分含量总量最高为3.16%,最低为1.30%,差2倍以上。且两个指标性成分含量配比发生了改变。结论:不同来源的木香饮片中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量差别明显,急需制订木香中药饮片及炮制品质量标准。     

木香炮制品中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的HPLC测定

木香系菊科植物木香Aucklandia lappa Decne.的干燥根,味苦,性辛温,归脾、胃、大肠、胆、三焦经,具有行气止痛、消食健脾之功效。木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯是木香的主要活性成分之一。木香烃内酯具有利胆和抑制溃疡,抑制由KCl诱导的主动脉收缩[1],诱导癌细胞凋亡的作用[2]。木香的炮制方法有蒸制、酒制(酒泡)、煨制(面煨、纸煨、麸煨)和清炒等[3],现在多用煨法和清炒法。本实验采用HPLC法测定木香生品及其不同炮制品中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的变化,探讨其炮制机制。1材料与仪器木香购于广东广弘药材有限公司,经南方医科大学中医药学…     

HPLC法测定不同来源木香饮片中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量

目的：考察不同商品地来源木香饮片及麸煨品中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量。方法：以甲醇为溶剂,超声提取后,采用HPLC法对不同商品地来源的木香饮片及麸煨品中的木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量进行了测定。结果：14种不同商品地木香饮片生品中两个指标性成分含量总量最高为7.65%,最低为2.11%,差3倍以上;麸煨品中两个指标性成分含量总量最高为3.16%,最低为1.30%,差2倍以上。且两个指标性成分含量配比发生了改变。结论：不同来源的木香饮片中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯含量差别明显,急需制订木香中药饮片及炮制品质量标准。     

HPLC-UV技术用于川木香煨制前后代谢物轮廓差异研究

目的 比较川木香煨制前后代谢物轮廓（metabolic profiling）差异,筛选出导致差异的特征性化学成分。方法 经HPLC-UV分析获得川木香生品、煨品的色谱图数据集;采用主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）、偏最小二乘法-判别分析（partial least square-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA）、聚类分析（hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA）等多变量统计分析方法比较川木香生品、煨品的代谢物轮廓差异及筛选导致差异的特征性化学成分。结果 川木香生品和煨品代谢物轮廓明显不同,导致差异的特征性化学成分有7个（包含木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯）。结论 从代谢物轮廓角度,川木香煨制前后具有显著差异。     

麸炒木香炮制标准研究

目的：对经麸炒木香炮制的不同批次的中药材木香进行实验研究,测定不同批次和不同麸炒条件下木香药材中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量,确定一种合理可行且较为优质的炮制工艺,为建立麸炒木香的炮制标准及木香麸炒品的生产提供参考。方法：对麸炒木香进行薄层层析法（TLC）鉴别;利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法对两种主要成分——木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯进行含量测定。结果：不同的麸炒木香炮制方法直接影响木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的含量：木香药材与麸皮投药比在10∶1～6.6∶1范围内可行,其中,投药比为6.6∶1时各项成分含量较高;炒药时间在6～8 min为宜,其中,麸炒6 min时木香烃内酯的含量较高,麸炒8 min时去氢木香内酯含量较高。结论：本研究建立的炮制工艺简单可行、准确、重现性好,可用于控制麸炒木香的质量。     

星点设计－效应面法优化川木香中木香烃内酯和 去氢木香内酯提取工艺

目的：利用星点设计－响应面法优化川木香中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的超声辅助提取工艺。方 法：建立川木香中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的 ＵＰＬＣ 分析方法以倍半萜化合物（木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯） 的提取率为评价指标，单因素试验考察乙醇体积分数、超声功率、提取时间和液料比对倍半萜化合物提取率的影 响，采用响应面法优选超声辅助提取的最佳工艺条件。结果：超声辅助提取的最佳条件为：超声功率 ２５０ Ｗ，乙 醇体积分数７５％，超声时间２８ ｍｉｎ，液料比２８：１ｍＬ／ ｇ，在此条件下倍半萜类化合物的提取率为３８．５１ｍｇ ／ ｇ，用５ 批 药材对最佳提取工艺进行验证，预测值与实际值的偏差率为０．６２％。结论：优化后的提取工艺简便稳定，可用于 川木香中木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯的提取。     

木香的药效学研究

目的 寻找控制木香质量的有效成分。方法 对木香药材的不同提取物以及木香中的两个单体化合物木香烃内酯和去氢木香内酯进行了消化道的药理学研究。结果 ig给木香水提物（1.4g/kg,4.2g/kg）和木香烃内酯（9mg/kg,27mg/kg）对小白鼠的肠蠕动具有抑制作用;熊去胆酸（100mg/kg)、木香水提物组（540mg/kg）、木香醇提物组（480mg/kg）、木香烃内酯组（100mg/kg）、去氢木香内酯组（100mg/kg）与对照组相比,各组均有明显的利胆作用,且醇提物要比水提物作用强,木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯利胆作用很强,可视为木香中的主要利胆成分。结论 木香烃内酯可作为木香质量控制的有效成分。     

闪蒸—毛细管气相色谱—质谱法鉴定中药木香类的成分

采用闪蒸-毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法,对木香及川木香属7种(包括变种)及2种土木香的13个样品进行了定性比较,测定了木香及各川木香中去氢木香内酯的含量。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.