艾灸温通的作用

艾灸疗法是保健和治病的外治方法。艾灸疗法用艾叶或艾绒为主材料,将其点燃,在人体表面穴位或患病处烧灼达到治疗效果。艾叶点燃后产生的热量会对人体产生刺激,从而起到疏通经络,活络气血的作用。因为经络气血问题是很多疾病产生的主要问题,所以艾灸治疗的运用范围也非常广泛。本文就付艾灸治疗的温通作用进行多方面的分析。     

艾灸的微创效应与灸法退热机理探讨

通过分析传统艾灸疗法治疗发热性疾病的作用过程，从现代生理学角度探讨艾灸退热的机理。艾灸治疗发热性疾病时对机体造成轻微创伤，从而产生微创效应，使机体发生一系列变化，主要表现在灸疮的应激反应、轻微创伤导致的疼痛刺激以及热辐射刺激三个方面。艾灸治疗发热性疾病正是通过微创效应引发前述的三方面作用而达到退热的目的。     

艾灸效应的红外物理特性研究进展

艾灸疗法历史悠久、疗效卓著,但其效应机制至今尚未阐明。目前,艾灸效应机制的研究主要侧重于艾灸的红外物理特性研究。文章从直接灸、间接灸,以及人体经络穴位的红外光谱几个方面就近年来有关艾灸效应的红外物理特性研究加以总结和论述,认为多学科交叉,采用现代科技手段对艾灸效应机理的物质基础和艾灸后穴位的生物效应进行探索和研究,将是今后艾灸研究的重中之重,也是提高艾灸疗效,使艾灸走向科学化、现代化的必由之路。     

艾烟的芳香作用机理研究进展与展望*

艾灸疗法是我国传统中医疗法重要组成部分,艾草性苦味温,气味芳香,温通作用显著。用艾叶制成的艾灸材料点燃后熏灸人体穴位达到保健治病的一种自然疗法,具有温经散寒、扶阳固脱、扶正祛邪、调节阴阳等功效。目前对于艾灸的作用机制尚不清楚,现代研究多认为是综合效应产生作用,如艾灸过程中的温热效应、艾的药性作用等。 在艾燃烧过程中会产生大量的烟,并伴随有独特的芳香气味,有学者认为艾烟与灸法有着密切关系其发挥作用的途径可能与芳香疗法有关。本文总结近年来关于艾烟的相关研究进展,以期从芳香气味角度为深入开展艾烟的作用机理研究提供文献支持。     

艾灸温热刺激的研究现状

艾灸作为我国传统医学的特色疗法之一,可用于多种疾病的防治。温热刺激作为艾灸起效的基础,能够调节穴位局部到脏腑器官乃至机体各系统的功能。有效利用艾灸温热刺激的研究能够积极推动艾灸临床应用,为艾灸疗效的提高提供新的思考和启迪。     

热敏灸疗法的研究现状及展望

热敏灸疗法是在继承传统艾灸疗法基础上进行创新的一种新灸法,它补充了灸法得气标准,其核心理论是通过艾灸热敏腧穴,使其产生透热、传热、扩热等热敏灸感,激发经络感传,使气至病所从而达到治疗疾病的作用,目前广泛应用于临床,且疗效明显。文章将从热敏灸的热敏腧穴客观化、作用机制、实验研究、临床疗效研究方面予以阐述,同时总结热敏灸在临床研究中存在的问题及展望。     

艾灸温热刺激干预动脉粥样硬化的生物学机制研究进展

艾灸疗法是针灸疗法的重要组成部分,是我国传统外治法的特色之一,温热刺激是艾灸疗法起效的关键因素。艾灸温热刺激干预动脉粥样硬化积累了丰富的临床经验,对于其机制的探索在调节脂代谢、保护血管内皮、改善血液流变学指标、影响炎症反应等方面取得了重要进展。围绕动脉粥样硬化形成的各关键病理环节进行进一步的探索和深入研究,有助于揭示艾灸延缓动脉粥样硬化的重要机制,为回答艾灸温经通络作用的现代科学内涵提供更为丰富的依据。     

灸法红外效应研究及应用进展

灸法是临床常用的,具有保健和治疗作用的外治法,除药物的作用外,红外温热和辐射效应也是其作用机制之一。近年来国内艾灸热辐射、红外光谱特性研究文献多从艾灸红外温热效应的影响因素、温热在穴位和组织的传导规律、艾灸的辐射光谱效应、仿灸仪的研制和应用以及腧穴热敏化等方面进行论述。通过文献研究,作者对艾灸红外温热效应研究存在的问题进行了分析,并为今后进一步研究提出了新的思路。     

耳针疗法作用机理的研究进展

耳针疗法是指通过耳廓诊断和治疗疾病的一种方法,是中国古老针灸学的-个重要组成部分.近代应用耳穴诊断、治疗、预防疾病、保健等方面的研究有了新的发展,并已逐渐形成耳针治疗学体系,成为别具一格的医学新科学.耳针研究不仅具有提高临床诊疗效果的现实意义,而且对认识经穴实质、揭示人体生命奥秘也具有一定的理论价值.耳针疗法的具体作用机理也一直受到国内外学者的广泛关注,现将近十年来耳针疗法作用机理的研究进展做一个简单概述.     

艾灸配合耳穴治疗原发性痛经的疗效观察

艾灸疗法可达温通、温补两大类效应,相互为用,可综合治疗虚、实两症[1].刺激耳穴可疏经络、调气血、平衡内分泌等,耳穴挑血压豆还可促进脑内有关肽类释放,有止痛效果[2].本研究运用艾灸及耳穴疗法对于治疗原发性痛经,取得较好的效果.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.