针刺联合刺络拔罐治疗带状疱疹的Meta分析与GRADE评价

【目的】系统评价针刺联合刺络拔罐治疗带状疱疹的疗效及安全性。【方法】计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)、万方数据库(WanFang)、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)、Medline、Embase、Cochrane Library等数据库。收集关于针刺联合刺络拔罐治疗带状疱疹的随机对照试验(RCT)。采用Review Manager 5.3软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析,使用GRADE Profiler 3.6进行证据级别评价。【结果】共纳入20篇文献进行Meta分析,共1 530例患者。Meta分析结果显示:与常规西药相比,针刺联合刺络拔罐治疗带状疱疹总有效率更高[OR=5.87,95%CI(3.89,8.84),P<0.000 01],降低VAS评分更具优势[WMD=-2.37,95%CI(-2.70,-2.03),P<0.000 01],结痂时间更短[WMD=-1.99,95%CI(-3.48,-0.50),P=0.009],带状疱疹后遗神经痛发生率更低[OR=0.11,95%CI(0.03,0.41),P=0.000 9],...     

针刺百会、水沟穴治疗卒中后认知障碍的系统评价及Meta分析

【目的】系统评价针刺百会、水沟穴治疗脑卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)的临床疗效。【方法】计算机检索中国知网期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wanfang)、维普全文期刊数据库(VIP)及中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、PubMed数据库及The Cochrane library数据库。查找并获取应用百会、水沟穴在内的针刺治疗PSCI的所有临床随机对照试验,采用Cochrane系统评价方法对纳入文献进行方法学质量评价,并用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。【结果】最终纳入11项临床随机对照试验,纳入病例共805例。Meta分析结果显示:试验组在总有效率[OR=3.15,95%CI(1.81,5.46),Z=4.08,P0.000 1]、改善简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)评分[WMD=2.21,95%CI(1.01,3.41),Z=3.61,P=0.000 3]、改善蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分[WMD=1.84,95%CI(0.81,2.88),Z=3.49,P=0.000 5]方面优于对照组,差异有统计学意义。【结论】应用百会、水沟穴针刺可有效改善PSCI患者的认知功能,但由于本次纳入文献质量较低,仍需更多高质量的多中心、大样本的随机对照试验研究加以验证。     

针刺辅助治疗改善急性胰腺炎患者胃肠功能的Meta分析

【目的】评价针刺疗法辅助治疗急性胰腺炎的疗效。【方法】检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方、Pub Med、EMBase、Cochrane Library等数据库中有关以西医常规治疗作为对照组、以西医常规治疗结合针刺疗法作为观察组的急性胰腺炎疗效观察的随机对照临床试验(RCT),对符合纳入和排除标准的入选文献的质量进行系统评价;提取相关数据,采用Rev Man5.3软件进行Meta分析。【结果】共有7项RCT合计371例AP患者纳入本研究。针刺疗法辅助治疗组的腹痛缓解时间(WMD=-1.44;95%CI:-2.38,-0.50)、腹胀缓解时间(WMD=-2.50;95%CI:-4.07,-0.73)、肛门排气恢复时间(WMD=-1.79;95%CI:-3.73,-0.14)、排便时间(WMD=-1.95;95%CI:-3.51,-0.39)、肠鸣音恢复时间(WMD=-1.39;95%CI:-2.44,-0.34)、血淀粉酶恢复正常时间(WMD=-2.09;95%CI:-3.22,-0.96)、住院时间(WMD=-3.70;95%CI:-6.04,-1.36)均明显低于对照组,除肛门排气恢复时间外,其余各指标的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。【结论】针刺辅助治疗急性胰腺炎能显著改善患者的胃肠功能,缩短血淀粉酶恢复时间及住院时间。但由于纳入的RCT方法学质量较低,建议开展更为严格的RCT以提供充分证据支持针刺辅助治疗AP的疗效。     

针刺与激素替代疗法治疗绝经综合征有效性和安全性比较Meta分析

目的:通过Meta分析比较针刺与激素替代疗法治疗绝经综合征的有效性及安全性。方法:计算机检索CNKI、Wan Fang、VIP、CBMdisk、Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane Library等中英文数据库有关针刺与激素替代疗法治疗绝经综合征的随机对照试验(RCT),并辅以手工检索相关资料,检索时限为建库至2015年5月。按照Cochrane系统评价方法,由2位评价者根据纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料和质量评价,采用Rev Man 5.3软件进行meta分析。结果:最终纳入10个RCT研究,共计760例患者。Meta分析显示,针刺与激素替代疗法比较,Kupperman评分的总有效率[RR=1.10,95%CI(0.96,1.25)]、血清E2[WMD=-3.39,95%CI(-11.27,-0.29)]、FSH[WMD=-0.93,95%CI(-4.63,2.76)]、LH[WMD=-1.22,95%CI(-3.16,0.73)]水平变化值相近(P0.05);Kupperman指数症状评分变化值差异有统计学意义[WMD=-4.27,95%CI(-8.25,-0.29),P0.05],针刺在改善绝经综合征症状方面优于激素替代疗法;10项研究皆未报道不良反应的发生。结论:现有证据提示,针刺与激素替代疗法治疗绝经综合征在总有效率和改善血清激素水平方面两者相当,在改善绝经综合征症状方面,针刺有一定的优势。但由于纳入研究证据等级不高,其有效性和安全性有待更多高质量研究来进一步证实。     

火针治疗腰椎间盘突出症有效性与安全性的Meta分析

检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库(Wanfang Data)、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library等国内外主要数据库中有关火针(试验组)对比常规针刺或电针(对照组)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床随机对照试验(RCT),以系统评价火针治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效性与安全性,为临床提供循证参考。结果共得到14篇符合纳入和排除标准的RCT文献,包括1 138例患者。试验组总有效率高于对照组[RR=1.17,95%CI(1.06,1.30),P=0.003]。试验组在改善腰痛病情评分(Fairback J C评分)[WMD=-4.28,95%CI(-6.49,-2.06),P=0.000]、视觉模拟量表(VAS)疼痛评分[WMD=-1.35,95%CI(-1.60,-1.10),P=0.000]、现有疼痛强度(PPI)评分[WMD=-0.66,95%CI(-0.84,-0.49),P=0.000]、McGill疼痛量表评分[WMD=-0.87,95%CI(-1.11,-0.63),P=0.000]以及日本骨科协会(JOA)腰痛评分[WMD=2.59,95%CI(2.19,2.98),P=0.000]方面优于对照组。分析结果提示火针治疗腰椎间盘突出症确有一定的疗效,且安全性较高。但由于纳入文献的方法学质量不高及数量偏少,结论有待多中心、大样本、高质量的随机临床对照试验进一步验证。     

艾灸治疗脑卒中后睡眠障碍效果的系统评价

目的:系统评价艾灸治疗脑卒中后睡眠障碍患者的临床疗效,为艾灸治疗脑卒中后睡眠障碍提供循证医学证据。方法:采用计算机检索国内外医学数据库中有关艾灸治疗脑卒中后睡眠障碍的临床随机对照试验,并参考Cochrane系统评价手册中的文献质量评价标准对纳入文献进行质量评价,采用RevMan5.3软件对睡眠相关指标进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入10篇随机对照试验,共计836例脑卒中后睡眠障碍患者。Meta分析结果显示:PSQI评分[WMD=-1.65,95%CI(-2.17,-1.12),P0.00001];Spiegel睡眠评分[WMD=-7.62,95%CI(-8.12,-7.12),P0.00001];有效率[OR=4.25,95%CI(2.32,7.78),P0.00001],说明艾灸能够有效改善PSSD患者睡眠质量,差异具有统计学意义。结论:现阶段的临床随机对照试验的证据表明,艾灸可有效改善脑卒中后睡眠障碍患者的睡眠质量,但由于纳入研究的样本量偏少且缺乏客观的评价指标,该结果需更多严谨的大样本、多中心的临床研究加以证实。     

中西医结合治疗感染性心内膜炎临床疗效Meta分析

目的:系统评价中西医结合治疗感染性心内膜炎(IE)的临床疗效。方法:计算机检索中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库(Wan Fang Data)、中国科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)和Pub Med,纳入所有关于感染性心内膜炎的随机对照试验(RCT),并对纳入的试验进行文献质量评价。采用Stata SE 12.0软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入9个随机对照试验,患者共计681例。Meta分析结果显示,与单纯西医治疗相比,中西医结合治疗能明显提高感染性心内膜炎的临床疗效[OR=3.739,95%CI(2.377,5.883),P0.00001],改善hs-CRP水平[WMD=-4.685,95%CI(-5.917,-3.453),P0.00001],改善ESR水平[WMD=-4.359,95%CI(-5.078,-3.639),P0.00001],其差异均具有统计学意义。结论:相比于单一西医治疗,中西医结合治疗感染性心内膜炎能提高临床疗效、改善hsCRP和ESR水平。     

桂枝茯苓胶囊配伍米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的Meta分析

目的 比较桂枝茯苓胶囊配伍米非司酮与单用米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的临床有效性与安全性.方法 计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)和万方数据资源系统,检索时间均从建库起截至2012年5月,按纳入、排除标准筛选相关桂枝茯苓胶囊配伍米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的随机对照试验(RCT),提取数据,并参照Cochrane Handbook 5.0的质量评价标准进行文献质量评估,采用Revman 5.1软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入10个RCT,合计1 021例子宫肌瘤患者.Meta分析结果显示:(1)B超下子宫肌瘤体积差:试验组优于对照组[WMD=0.68,95%CI(0.61,0.75)];(2)血清激素水平:试验组仅在下调孕激素(P)水平的疗效上优于对照组[WMD=0.31,95%CI(0.05,0.56)],而其他指标[卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)]两组异质性较大且无法消除,只做一般统计描述;(3)临床总有效率:两组在有效率[RR=0.85,95%CI(0.59,1.22)]上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但试验组显效率[RR=1.30,95%CI(1.11,1.53)]和总有效率[RR=1.15,95%CI(1.06,1.25)]优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(4)B超下子宫体积差:试验组优于对照组[RR=21.55,95%CI(15.93,27.16)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在伴随临床症状的子宫肌瘤患者的治疗上,采用桂枝茯苓胶囊配伍米非司酮的联合用药方式较单用米非司酮能获得更明显的疗效.但限于纳入研究的局限性,对本研究结果的可靠性尚需更多高质量、大样本、多中心的随机临床试验进一步验证.     

浮针疗法治疗中风后肩手综合征疗效的系统评价与Meta分析

【目的】评价浮针疗法治疗中风后肩手综合征的临床疗效。【方法】检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、重庆维普全文数据库(VIP)、Pub Med、Cochrane Library、Medline、EMBase等数据库中有关浮针疗法(试验组)vs传统针刺疗法或康复训练(对照组)治疗中风后肩手综合征的临床研究文献,提取相关随机对照试验(RCT)的资料并按照Cochrane系统评价员手册5.1.0进行质量评价,应用Review Manager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。【结果】共有14篇文献符合纳入标准。试验组和对照组共涉及病例1 043例。Meta分析结果显示:试验组的总有效率(OR=5.42,95%CI[3.45,8.52])及在改善肩手综合征评估量表(SHSS)评分(SMD=-0.45,95%CI[-0.67,-0.22])和疼痛视觉模拟评分量表(VAS)评分(SMD=-1.46,95%CI[-1.87,-1.06])方面均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),但2组在改善运动功能评价(FMA)评分(MD=2.93,95%CI[4.50-1.97,7.83])方面差异无统计学意义(P=0.24)。【结论】浮针疗法治疗中风后肩手综合征的总有效率及在改善SHSS评分、VAS评分方面优于传统针刺疗法或康复训练,但由于纳入的研究质量普遍较低,研究结论尚有待大样本、多中心、高质量的RCT的支持。     

舌下含服尘螨制剂治疗变应性鼻炎有效性及安全性Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析评价舌下含服尘螨制剂治疗变应性鼻炎(AR)的安全性、有效性。方法检索尘螨变应原制剂舌下免疫治疗(SLIT)AR的随机对照研究(RCT),主要包括SLIT与安慰剂相比及SLIT与传统药物相比较的两类RCT。对纳入文献评价,提取相关文献的纳入数据进行Meta分析。对二分类变量采取风险比(RR)作为结局指标,对于连续性数值变量采取标准化均数差(SMD)或加权均数差(WMD)作为结局指标,并计算相应指标的95%可信区间。结果纳入文献16篇,其中10篇是SLIT与安慰剂组之间的RCT,另6篇是SLIT与常规药物治疗之间的RCT。Meta分析显示:在SLIT与安慰剂对照的RCT中,总有效率、鼻症状评分差异显著(RR=1.45,95%CI:1.29～1.63;WMD=-0.72,95%CI:-0.92～-0.52),而不良反应发生率、药物使用评分、治疗后血清sIgE、血清sIgG4等差异无统计学意义,提示与安慰剂相比SLIT安全有效,而相应的血清学指标无明显变化。在SLIT与常规药物组的RCT研究中,总有效率、不良反应发生率、鼻症状评分及药物使用评分等均呈现出显著差异(RR=1.15,95%CI:1.00～1.33;RR=1.91,95%CI:1.01～3.59; WMD=-2.85,95%CI:-3.94～-1.75;SMD=-2.60,95%CI:-3.82～-1.37),提示与传统药物相比,SLIT可显著降低患者鼻部症状及常规药物的使用量。结论尘螨变应原SLIT治疗AR安全可靠,优于常规药物,但需高质量研究加以验证。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.