高渗氯化钠对单肺通气时呼吸力学的影响

目的 探讨高渗氯化钠对单肺通气患者呼吸力学参数的影响.方法 选择拟单肺通气剖胸手术患者60例,随机均分为高渗氯化钠治疗组(H组)和对照组(C组).在单肺通气30 min后经中心静脉导管输注7.5％氯化钠溶液(H组)或生理盐水(C组)2 ml/kg.观察单肺通气前(T1)、单肺通气后30 min(T2)、输注后30 min(T3)、60 min(T4)、单肺通气结束时(T5)的动态肺顺应性(Cdyn)、气道峰压(Ppeak)、气道平均压(Pmean)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、血清Na+浓度.结果 与T1时比较,两组患者T2时的Cdyn、PaO2明显降低,Ppeak、Pmean明显升高(P＜0.05).与T2时比较,T3～Ts时H组Cdyn、PaO2逐渐升高,Ppeak、Pmean逐渐下降(P＜0.05),且Cdyn、PaO2明显高于C组,Ppeak明显低于C组(P＜0.05).T4、T5时H组Pmean明显低于C组(P＜0.05).结论 7.5％氯化钠溶液对单肺通气患者的各呼吸力学参数有改善作用,对肺通气功能具有保护作用.     

右美托咪定对选择性肺叶隔离下食管癌手术患者血清细胞因子和肺功能的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对选择性肺叶隔离下食管癌手术患者血清细胞因子和肺功能的影响。方法选择45例食管癌患者,男25例,女20例,年龄40～70岁,BMI 18～30kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。按随机数字表分为左全肺隔离单肺通气组(O组)、选择性左下肺叶隔离组(S组)、选择性左下肺叶隔离联合右美托咪定组(SD组),每组15例。所有患者均采用支气管堵塞器法肺叶隔离。O组行左全肺隔离,术中右肺单肺通气;S组和SD组行左下肺叶隔离,术中右肺单肺通气+左上肺通气。SD组自麻醉诱导时静注右美托咪定负荷剂量1μg/kg(10min),以0.3μg·kg-1·h-1维持至手术结束前30min。S组和O组静注等容量生理盐水。记录气管插管后即刻(T1)、单肺通气或选择性肺叶隔离通气30min(T2)、60min(T3)、术毕(T4)时血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)浓度,记录麻醉诱导后5min(T1a)、单肺通气或选择性肺叶隔离通气后15min(T2a)、45 min(T3a)、恢复双肺通气后15 min(T4a)时的气道平台压(Pplat)、气道峰压(Ppeak)、动态肺顺应性(Cdyn),记录手术时间、住院时间和术后肺部并发症发生情况。结果与T1时比较,T2—T4时三组TNF-α、IL-8、IL-10浓度明显升高(P0.05);T2—T4时SD组TNF-α、IL-8、IL-10浓度明显低于O组和S组,S组明显低于O组(P0.05);与T1a时比较,T2a、T3a时三组Pplat、Ppeak明显升高,Cdyn明显降低(P 0.05);与O组比较,T2a、T3a时S组、SD组Pplat和Ppeak明显降低,Cdyn明显升高(P0.05)。SD组住院时间明显短于、术后肺部并发症发生率明显低于O组、S组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定联合选择性肺叶隔离技术,可优化食管癌手术患者的呼吸力学指标,减少机体细胞因子的释放,降低患者术后肺部并发症发生率。     

压力控制容量保证通气模式在新生儿胸腔镜食管闭锁手术中的应用

目的 探讨在新生儿胸腔镜食管闭锁手术中应用压力控制容量保证通气(PCV-VG)模式的通气效果及应用安全性。方法 选择全麻下行胸腔镜食管闭锁手术新生儿36例,男22例,女14例,日龄1～4 d,体重1.4～4.5 kg, ASAⅢ或Ⅳ级。采用随机数字表法将新生儿分为两组：PCV-VG模式组(P组)和容量控制通气(VCV)模式组(V组),每组18例。麻醉成功后P组和V组分别使用PCV-VG模式和VCV模式。记录气管插管前、单肺通气前10 min、单肺通气后30 min、单肺通气结束后10 min的MAP、HR、SpO₂。记录单肺通气前10 min、单肺通气后30 min、单肺通气结束后10 min的气道平均压(Pmean)、气道峰压(Ppeak)、吸气平台压(Pplat)、肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)、P_ETCO₂、PaCO₂、PaO₂和pH。记录术后气管导管拔除时间和ICU停留时间。结果 与V组比较,单肺通气后30 min P组SpO₂、Cdyn、PaO     

不同剂量右美托咪啶对单肺通气患者围术期炎性反应的影响

目的 探讨不同剂量右美托咪啶对单肺通气患者围术期炎性反应的影响.方法 择期行食管癌根治术患者36例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,性别不限,年龄43～72岁,体重50～78 kg,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=12):对照组(C组)、低剂量右美托咪啶组(D1组)和高剂量右美托咪啶组(D2组).麻醉诱导前,D1组和D2组经10 min静脉输注右美托咪啶1 μg/kg,随后分别以0.2和0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1的速率输注至术毕前30 min,C组采用同样方法静脉输注等容量生理盐水.于麻醉诱导前(T0)、单肺通气前即刻(T1)、单肺通气30 min(T2)、90 min(T3)、膨肺后30 min(T4)和术后2 h(T5)时采集静脉血样,测定血清TNF-α、IL-8浓度.结果 与T0时比较,三组T3～T5时血清TNF-α、IL-8浓度升高(P＜0.05);与C组比较,D2组T3～T5时血清TNF-α、IL-8浓度降低(P＜0.05),D1组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪啶1 μg/kg,术中以0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1的速率输注可明显降低单肺通气患者围术期的炎性反应.     

右美托咪定对单肺通气患者血浆IL-8、IL-10及肺组织AQP1表达的影响

目的评价右美托咪定对单肺通气(one lung ventilation,OLV)患者血浆IL-8、IL-10及肺组织水通道蛋白(aquaporin,AQP)1表达的影响。方法择期行肺癌根治术患者40例,男23例,女17例,年龄40~75岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法将患者均分为两组:对照组(C组)和右美托咪定组(D组)。麻醉诱导前10 min,D组静注右美托咪定1μg/kg,随后以0.5μg·kg-1·h-1的速率输注至手术结束前30min,C组采用同样的方法静注等容量的生理盐水。于OLV前即刻(T1)、OLV 30min(T2)、60min(T3)、120min(T4)、恢复双肺通气后30min(T5)、术后2h(T6)取桡动脉血,测定血浆IL-8和IL-10的浓度。于OLV前即刻、肺叶离体时取肺组织,测定AQP1的表达。结果 T3~T6时C组及T3~T5时D组IL-8浓度,T2~T5时两组IL-10浓度明显高于T1时(P0.05);D组T3~T6时IL-8浓度明显低于,T2~T5时IL-10浓度明显高于C组(P0.05)。C组肺叶离体时AQP1表达明显低于OLV前即刻和D组(P0.05)。结论给予负荷量1μg/kg的右美托咪定,随后以0.5μg·kg-1·h-1的速率持续输注,可以降低单肺通气患者全身炎症反应,上调肺组织AQP1表达。     

右美托咪定对食管癌根治术单肺通气患者肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-6的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定对食管癌根治术单肺通气患者血浆肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和白细胞介素(IL)-6水平的影响.方法 60例拟行食管癌根治术的患者,随机分为D1组、D2组和C组,每组20例.D1组麻醉诱导前0.6μg/kg静脉泵注右美托咪定;D2组麻醉诱导后以0.3μg/(kg·h)静脉泵注右美托咪定;C组为对照组.分别测定麻醉诱导前20 min(T0),气管插管后10 min(T1),单肺通气30 min(T2),单肺通气90 min(T3)及再次双肺通气后10 min(T4)5个时间点血浆中TNF-α和IL-6浓度.结果 3组患者血浆TNF-α水平在T3、T4时点较T0高(P ＜0.05);D1组和D2组在T3(10.5±2.5,11.1 ±2.6)、T4(11.2±2.4,11.8±2.7)时点较C组增高(P＜0.05).3组患者血浆IL-6水平在T4时点较T0高(P ＜0.05);D1组和D2组在T4时点(23.2±3.3,23.9±3.2)较C组增高(P＜0.05).结论 术前静脉泵注0.6 μg/kg及术中持续以0.3μg,/(kg·h)静脉泵注右美托咪定均能抑制食管癌根治术单肺通气患者血浆中TNF-α和IL-6水平升高.     

右美托咪定对ARDS机械通气患者炎症因子及肺损伤的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)机械通气患者炎症因子及肺损伤的影响。方法选择40例ARDS机械通气患者,根据患者使用和未使用右美托咪定,将患者分成右美托咪定组(右美托咪定组,n=20)和对照组(n=20)。前者静脉泵注右美托咪定负荷量1μg/kg 15 min,再以0.2~0.7μg/kg·h速率持续输注48 h;对照组患者静脉泵注丙泊酚3~5 mg/(kg·h)为48 h,两组均复合舒芬太尼0.1~0.2μg/(kg·h)。分别于插管前(T0)、插管后6 h(T1)、12 h(T2)、24 h(T3)、48 h(T4)各时间点抽取静脉血检测IL-6、IL-8、IL-10的浓度,同时记录Pa O2/Fi O2。结果与T0时比较,T1~T4时两组的IL-6、IL-8、IL-10的浓度显著升高(P0.05),D组Pa O2/Fi O2T2~T4时显著增高(P0.05)、C组T1~T4时显著降低(P0.05),HR在T1~T4时D组降低,C组增高(P0.05)。与C组比较,T2~T4时D组IL-6、IL-8显著降低、IL-10显著升高(P0.05);T2~T4时Pa O2/Fi O2升高(P0.05);T1~T4时D组HR降低,T2~T4时MAP升高(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定用于ARDS机械通气治疗患者,可以平衡炎症因子的释放,有利于减轻肺损伤。     

右美托咪定对单肺通气患者动脉血气和炎性因子的影响

目的探讨右美托咪定对单肺通气(OLV)患者动脉血气和炎性因子的影响。方法选择择期肺癌根治术患者62例,性别不限,年龄34~69岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。按照收治先后顺序分成观察组和对照组,每组31例。所有患者静脉注射舒芬太尼0.3~0.5μg/kg、丙泊酚1.5~2.5mg/kg、咪达唑仑0.5 mg/kg、罗库溴铵0.9 mg/kg行麻醉诱导;静脉输注丙泊酚6~8 mg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)、瑞芬太尼0.1~0.5μg·kg~(-1)·min~(-1),间断静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵进行麻醉维持。观察组患者于麻醉诱导前10min静脉输注右美托咪定1.0g/kg,10min输注完,之后维持0.5μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)速率输注至手术结束前30min。对照组则输注等量的生理盐水。分别于OLV前即刻(T0)、OLV 1h后(T1)、OLV结束时(T2)采集桡动脉血,检测血气(pH、PaO_2、PaCO_2)和炎性因子(TNF-α和IL-6)。记录两组手术结束后丙泊酚用量。结果与T0时比较,T1、T2时两组pH、PaO_2明显降低,PaCO_2明显升高,TNF-α和IL-6含量明显升高(P0.05);T1、T2时观察组PaO_2明显高于对照组(P0.05),PaCO_2明显低于对照组(P0.05),TNF-α和IL-6含量明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组围术期顺式阿曲库铵用量和瑞芬太尼用量差异无统计学意义,观察组丙泊酚用量明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定有助于维持单肺通气患者术中血气稳定,减轻单肺通气引起的炎症反应。     

右美托咪定对腔镜手术老年患者肺功能的影响

目的探讨不同剂量右美托咪定对腹腔镜手术老年患者肺功能的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2021年1月本院拟行腹腔镜手术的老年患者363例,随机分成A、B、C 3组每组121例。A、B两组术中均使用右美托咪定辅助麻醉,A组使用剂量为0.4μg/kg·h,B组使用剂量为0.6μg/kg·h,C组不使用右美托咪定。记录3组血气分析及肺功能相关指标。结果A、B两组T_1时Pa O_2、OI高于T_0,RI低于T_0时,C组在T_1时Pa O_2、OI较T_0时降低,RI升高,且A组Pa O_2、OI、RI均优于B、C组(均P0.05)。T_1时A、B两组Ppeak、Pmean均较T_0降低,C组Ppeak、Pmean均较T_0升高,A组Ppeak、Pmean均低于B组和C组(均P0.05)。T_3时A、B两组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC均高于T_2时,C组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC较T_2时下降,A组FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC均优于B组和C组(均P0.05)。结论小剂量右美托咪定可以有效改善腹腔镜手术老年患者的肺功能。     

小潮气量肺保护性通气策略与压力通气模式对妇科腹腔镜手术患者氧合功能的影响

目的:评价小潮气量肺保护性通气策略(protective lung ventilation mode,PLV)与压力通气模式(pressure con-trolled ventilation,PCV)在妇科腹腔镜手术中应用的有效性及安全性。方法:拟于我院择期行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者共计144例,按随机序列号分为PLV组和PCV组,每组72例。PLV组潮气量6 ml/kg,吸呼比1∶2,呼吸频率16次/min,呼气末正压5 cmH 2O(1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa);PCV组设定通气压力维持潮气量8 ml/kg,吸呼比1∶2,呼吸频率12~16次/min。分别于气管插管后5 min(T1)、气腹后10 min(T2)、气腹后20 min(T3)、撤除气腹后10 min(T4)记录患者气道峰压(airway peak pressure,Ppeak)、平均气道压(mean airway pressure,Pmean),并计算动态肺顺应性(dynamic lung compliance,Cdyn)。于T3、T4时点行血气分析记录PaO 2、PaCO 2、肺泡-动脉氧分压差(alveoli-arterial oxygen partial pressure,A-aDO 2),并计算氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI)。结果:PLV组T3时点Ppeak、Pmean显著高于PCV组,但Cdyn低于PCV组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PLV组T4时点Ppeak显著高于PCV组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组T2、T3时点Ppeak、Pmean较T1时点显著升高,而Cdyn显著低于T1时点,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PLV组T3时点Ppeak、Pmean显著高于T2时点,Cdyn显著低于T2时点,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PLV组T3时点PaO 2、OI显著高于PCV组,而PaCO 2、A-aDO 2显著低于PCV组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组T4时点PaO 2、OI较T3时点显著升高,而PaCO 2、A-aDO 2较T3时点显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组T4时点PaO 2、PaCO 2、A-aDO 2、OI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组间各呼吸系统并发症发生情况及住院天数差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对妇科腹腔镜手术患者而言,PCV有助于维持患者呼吸动力学稳定,而小潮气量PLV有助于维持患者术中氧合功能,二者安全性差异无统计学意义。     

Horseshoe lung with left lung hypoplasia.

Horseshoe lung is an uncommon congenital malformation in which the bases of the right and the left lungs are fused to each other by a narrow isthmus posterior to the cardiac apex. So far 22 cases have been described: most of these were associated with right lung hypoplasia and the scimitar syndrome. A horseshoe lung anomaly with left lung hypoplasia is described.     

Technetium-fibrinogen lung scanning in canine lung contusion

To detect experimentally induced acute lung contusion in anesthetized dogs, serial radionuclide images of the lung were recorded following intravenous infusion of 99mTc-labelled human fibrinogen (Tc-HF). The accumulation of Tc-HF in canine lungs was serially quantitated for up to 20 hours after lung contusion. A contusion (#1) was produced in one lung, Tc-HF was injected IV after 15 minutes, and 75 minutes later a contralateral lung contusion (#2) was produced in a series of 14 dogs. At autopsy the excised lungs were scanned, sectioned, and counted for radioactivity. Radiolabelled fibrinogen accumulated within 2-4 minutes of contusion #2 and remained stable over the next 20 hours in 14 dogs; contusion #1 was barely visible in four dogs. Lung Tc-HF activity in the central region of contusion #2 remained sixfold higher than in normal lung tissue. These data suggest that following lung contusion, fibrinogen deposition occurs rapidly and remains stable over a 20-hour interval of observation.     

Septic lung and shock lung in man.

Two series of patients were studied by serial measurements of blood gas exchange and pulmonarmonary dysfunction and to evaluate the dangers of respiratory failure in post traumatic patients. There were 27 patients who had sustained profound hemorrhagic shock and massive blood replacement averaging 9.7 liters and 38 patients who suffered general peritonitis or other forms of fulminating nonthoracic sepsis. All were supported by endotrachael intubation and volume controlled ventilators. The overall mortality for the post shock patients without sepsis was 12% while in the septic patients it was 35%. The maximal pulmonary arteriovenous shunt encountered in the post hemorrhagic shock patients at 36 hours averaged 20 plus or minus 8% and was accompanied by high cardiac indices (average 5.1 plus or minus 1.3 L/M-2/min) but no significant rise of pulmonary arterial pressure or peak inspiratory pressure (PIP). Severe pulmonary dysfunction subsequently occurred only in those patients who later became septic. The studies on the septic patients were divided according to the magnitude of the cardiac indices (the high indices averaged 4.8 plus or minus 1.6L/M-2/min) and thelow indices averaged 1.9 plus or minus 1.0 L/M-2/min. In the former, the average maximal shunt of 30 plus or minus 6% was sustained for 4 or more days, accompanied by an elevation of PIP to 36 plus or minus 6 cm H2O and by Pa pressure of 28 plus or minus 5 mm Hg. The patients in low output septic shock usually had an associated bronchopneumonia and had an average venous admixture of 34 plus or minus 8% and PIP values of 41 plus or minus 8 cm H2O. The mean Pa pressure in this group was 29 plus or minus 6 mm Hg.     

Living-donor lobar lung transplantation for infectious lung diseases

The rate of infection among lung transplant recipients is several times higher than that among recipients of other organs and is most likely related to the exposure of the allograft to the external environment. Meticulous peri-operative management is mandatory in performing living-donor lobar lung transplantation for patients with infectious lung diseases. All 5 patients with end-stage infectious lung diseases are currently alive for 17-104 months after receiving living-donor lobar lung transplantation at Okayama University Hospital.     

Videothoracoscopy-assisted surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung diseases

Objectives

Surgical lung biopsy (SLB) by videothoracoscopy for diffuse interstitial lung diseases is recommended for detailed diagnosis. Because substantial mortality and morbidity are associated with this procedure, its safety and diagnostic yield should be validated.

Methods

Sixty-four patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease who received SLB by videothoracoscopy between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed for mortality, surgical complication, and diagnosis. Criteria for the procedure included patients <70-year old, who had at least 60 % vital capacity and at least 40 % diffusion capacity. Patients with radiologically definite usual interstitial pneumonia were not eligible.

Results

One conversion from the 3-port approach to thoracotomy due to bleeding occurred. Mean operation and anesthesia times were 63 and 133 min, respectively. The mean hospital stay was 6 days. Only 10 patients (16 %) received prophylactic steroid and/or elastase inhibitor administration. Neither deaths nor acute exacerbations of interstitial pneumonia occurred within 60 days after surgery. Pneumothorax occurred in four cases (6 %) after discharge, which was associated with lower % vital capacity and intraoperative steroid administration. Prolonged air leak and postoperative pneumonia were observed in 2 and 1 patients, respectively. Postoperative diagnosis was obtained in all patients. A group of connective tissue disease-related interstitial pneumonia (n = 15) and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n = 18) were the major diagnoses. Discordance between pre- and postoperative diagnoses was observed among usual interstitial pneumonia, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia.

Conclusions

Surgical lung biopsy for diffuse interstitial lung diseases is safe under appropriate inclusion criteria and provides definite diagnosis.