椎间盘造影在腰椎融合术中邻近正常椎间盘的应用

目的采取回顾分析的研究方法，探讨椎间盘造影术在腰痛融合邻近正常椎间盘的诊断价值。方法53例因椎间盘源性下腰痛行椎间盘切除和后路椎间融合术的患者，手术前行椎间盘造影时，不包括邻近融合节段的正常椎间盘。所有的患者随访35．6个月（24—80个月）。对所有患者的临床疗效和影像学结果进行评价分析。结果53例患者中49例临床效果优良，随访2年以上，38例患者无任何症状。15例患者在渡过21个月的无症状期后出现疼痛复发，采用腰椎MRI和椎间盘造影复查。结果MRI发现15例患者中的8例出现了邻近节段椎间盘的退变，而此8例中仅有1例（2％）经过MRI和椎间盘造影同时证实该节段为疼痛的原因，从而再次进行融合手术。结论术前MRI上表现为正常的相邻椎间盘在椎间融合术后不容易变成病变节段，因此没有必要常规在术前为了排除病变节段而行相邻于拟融合节段的正常椎间盘的造影检查。     

腰骶椎矢状位形态学改变与椎间盘退变的MRI评价

背景：目前关于椎间盘退变在MRI上的影像学表现及其与下腰痛的关系报道甚多,但腰骶椎矢状位形态学改变与椎间盘退变程度的关系国内尚未见相关报道。目的：观察下腰痛患者腰骶椎矢状位形态学改变与椎间盘退变的关系,并探讨其临床意义。方法：对主诉下腰痛来安徽医科大学第一附属医院门诊就诊并行MRI检查的患者做回顾性分析,选择年龄20～30岁的女性患者167例,在MRI正中矢状面的T2W1图像上观察椎间盘的信号改变及退变程度,评价退变分级,测量每个患者的腰椎前凸角,骶骨平台角及骶椎后凸角度。结果与结论：椎间盘退变组与无椎间退变组腰椎前凸角分别为（24.31±3.48）°和（26.29±3.74）°,差异有显著性意义（P=0.001）;骶骨平台角分别为（102.97±5.58）°和（100.70±3.26）°,差异有显著性意义（P=0.002）;骶骨后凸角分别为（163.45±7.03）°和（167.24±6.71）°,差异有显著性意义（P=0.001）。提示腰椎前凸角、骶骨后凸角、骶骨平台角是评价椎间盘退变程度的形态学参数,腰椎前凸角和骶骨后凸角随椎间盘退变加重而减小,骶骨平台角随椎间盘退变加重而增大。     

腰椎小关节退变影像诊断技术的对照分析

目的：通过观察腰椎小关节退变的CT、常规MRI及脂肪抑制序列的影像表现,进一步提高临床对椎小关节退变的认识.方法：回顾性分析538例腰椎小关节退变的影像学资料,运用x2检验对其每项影像学征象的CT、常规MRI及脂肪抑制序列检查结果进行统计学分析.结果：脂肪抑制序列显示关节滑膜的炎性改变优于CT和常规MRI,MRI对关节面软骨的观察优于CT（P＜0.05）;而CT观察骨性关节面及关节下骨质退变、关节腔真空征和伴发征象有明显优势（P＜0.05）;但对于骨质增生引起的椎小关节改变三者无明显统计学差异（P＞0.05）.结论：对于早期或慢性期急性发作的椎小关节退变患者,应首选MRI检查并加扫脂肪抑制序列;对于慢性期或需要手术的患者,应首选CT检查.     

腰椎磁共振成像诊断椎间盘源性腰痛的临床价值

目的:探讨椎间盘源性腰痛的磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)诊断意义,为临床诊断提供参考.方法:分析本院疼痛门诊2007年9月～2011年6月期间诊疗的椎间盘源性腰痛患者的MRI数据,并进行统计学的对比分析.结果:67％椎间盘源性腰痛患者均有外伤史;间盘病变节段以L4/5和L5/S1为最常见;椎间盘源性腰痛患者在MRI上一般都有椎间盘低信号改变,常伴有高信号区(high intensity zone,HIZ)、软骨终板变性(Modic征)和Schmorl结节等.结论:MRI单节段间盘信号改变伴后外侧出现HIZ可以较可靠地说明该间盘为责任间盘;HIZ是较可靠的诊断椎间盘源性腰痛的标志性影像;Modic征和Schmorl结节在诊断中起重要参考作用.     

中老年人腰痛病因的MRI筛查及统计分析

腰痛是中老年人的常见病,多发病,主要是因脊椎关节及其附属的肌肉,韧带,腰椎小关节或椎间盘发生了老化退变,畸形,炎症,肿瘤等病理改变而引发疼痛.可伴有下肢的放射痛,这些部位的任何病理改变都会改变脊柱正常的生物力学,并使邻近的其他关节发生类似的变化.MRI在腰椎病变致腰痛的诊断中有着极高的应用价值.通过MRI检查,可以了解患者腰椎椎间盘的情况,包括:椎间盘膨隆,椎间盘突出,还有腰椎椎体的退行性病变,椎体滑脱,骨折及肿瘤等病变.这些腰痛患者MRI上的病变表现与患者年龄及性别,也有一定的相关性[1,2].     

腰椎终板骨软骨炎的MRI表现与临床意义

目的总结腰椎终板骨软骨炎MRI表现,探讨其分型、分期及与下腰痛的关系。方法回顾性分析连续性1926例腰椎MRI资料。结果 1681例显示腰椎退变。432例共539个终板显示终板骨软骨炎。依据MRI表现将终板骨软骨炎分为骨髓型、椎间盘型、Schmorl结节型和混合型,分别占77.3%,0.7%,13.2%及8.8%。骨髓型Modic1型41例,占全部退变病例的2.5%;Modic2型289例,占17.2%;Schmorl结节伴周围Modic1型18例,占1.1%;Schmorl结节伴周围Modic2型39例,占2.3%。单纯终板骨软骨炎病例中,Modic1型最多见（32.3%,10/31例）;终板骨软骨炎合并腰椎退变病例中,Modic2型最多见（71.1%,285/401例）。62.7%（271/432例）的终板骨软骨炎患者有下腰痛症状,其中骨髓型Modic1型、Schmorl结节伴周围Modic1型、椎间盘型患者下腰痛的发生率明显高于其他型,分别为97.6%、88.9%和100%。51/56个Modic1型终板经保守治疗后完全或部分转换为Modic2型,腰痛症状消失或减轻,而Modic2型病例经随访MRI表现及临床症状保持稳定。结论腰椎终板骨软骨炎是椎间盘退变的一种表现,是造成局部下腰痛的原因之一。MRI是最佳检查手段。     

椎间盘源性腰痛诊断与手术治疗

目的探讨腰椎间盘源性疼痛的诊断方法及采用经椎间孔后路腰椎体间融合术的临床疗效。方法47例经保守治疗无效的椎间盘源性腰痛患者均行经椎间孔后路腰椎体间融合术（TLIF）。患者年龄平均43．7岁。L4-5 33例，L6S1 14例。术后3d下地活动，腰围固定3个月。结果所有患者随访11～49个月，平均23个月。vAS评分由术前平均84分，降至术后11分；ODI评分由术前平均56分，降至随访6个月时17．2分。椎间隙高度从术前平均9．3mm增加至术后13．7mm。结论椎间盘源性腰痛由于临床和影像学表现不典型，常被误诊或漏诊，可结合腰椎MRI及椎间盘造影进行诊断。经椎间孔后路腰椎体间融合术是治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的有效选择。     

腰椎前部结构MR退变征象与慢性下腰痛的关系

目的探讨腰椎前部结构MR退变征象与慢性下腰痛的关系。方法本研究回顾性分析2011年8月1日-2012年1月15日于我院就诊、并行腰椎MRI的患者,进行问卷调查,最终回收有效问卷386份,于其中选取慢性下腰痛者139例,其中68例为有神经根压迫组A,71例为无神经根压迫组B。选取本院无下腰痛且无神经根压迫的62名职工作为正常对照组C。观察下列MRI征象：平均间盘退变分级（ADD）、间盘后方高信号区（HIZ）、许莫氏结节、Modic I型改变。采用统计学方法分析MRI征象在不同组的分布特征。结果慢性下腰痛有神经根压迫组A、慢性下腰痛无神经根压迫组B、对照组C的MRI征象分布分别为：ADD（P50,2.20/P50,2.00/P50,1.40）、HIZ发生率（52.9%,39.4%,25.8%）、Modic I型改变发生率（22.1%,22.5%,4.8%）、许莫结节发生率（17.6%,18.3%,14.5%）。其中,ADD、Modic I型改变发生率在A、B组间无统计学差异,但较C组高,差异有统计学意义;许莫结节发生率在三组间无统计学差异。HIZ发生率在A、B组间及B、C组间无统计学差异,但在A、C组间有统计学差异。结论 ADD、Modic I型改变可能与慢性下腰痛有关。     

腰腿痛病变的CT影像诊断

目的探讨腰腿痛病变的CT影像学表现。方法对62例腰腿痛患者L3-S,椎间隙行螺旋CT扫描,并对其CT图像进行分析。结果62例腰腿痛患者中,CT影像检查：椎间盘突出31例,椎间盘退变及椎间盘膨出16例,后纵韧带骨化6例,骨性椎管狭窄4例,腰椎滑脱2例,单纯椎小关节退变2例,肌源性腰痛1例。结论腰腿痛病变具有典型的CT影像相关改变,椎间盘病变是引起腰腿痛的主要原因,正确分析其影像特征,具有重要临床意义。     

MRI脂肪抑制序列在早期诊断腰椎小关节退变中的价值

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对腰椎小关节退变的早期诊断价值,优化腰椎的MRI扫描序列。方法回顾性分析568例腰椎小关节退变的影像学资料,运用χ~2检验对其每项影像学征象的常规MRI及脂肪抑制序列检查结果进行统计学分析。结果脂肪抑制序列显示腰椎小关节退变的早期炎性渗出性病变优于常规MRI(P0.05);而对于关节骨质退变的观察二者无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论对于早期或慢性期急性发作的腰椎小关节退变患者,行常规MRI检查的同时应加扫轴位薄层脂肪抑制序列。     

护士腰背部肌肉锻炼操的锻炼效果

目的调查护士腰背部肌肉锻炼操的锻炼效果。方法 2015年6月,便利抽样法选择河北省某三级甲等医院的20名护士为研究对象。所有研究对象均行腰背部肌肉锻炼操锻炼6个月,在锻炼前、锻炼后3、12和24周时用功能障碍指数问卷(oswestry disability index,ODI)评价护士的锻炼效果。结果锻炼前,护士的ODI评分为(5.9±3.7)分;锻炼后3、12和24周时,ODI评分分别为(4.9±2.3)、(2.2±0.5)、(1.3±0.2)分,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论腰背部肌肉锻炼操能有效减轻护士职业性腰背痛,值得推广。     

Prevalence of Piriformis Syndrome in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients. A Clinical Diagnosis with Modified FAIR Test

Purpose: Piriformis syndrome is a collection of symptoms and signs of pain from piriformis muscle and is characterized by pain in buttock with variable involvement of sciatic nerve. This syndrome is often overlooked in clinical practice because its presentation has similarities with other spine pathologies. A major problem with the clinical diagnosis of piriformis syndrome is the lack of consistent objective findings and an absence of single test that is specific for piriformis syndrome. Therefore, a precise and reliable clinical method of diagnosing piriformis syndrome should be developed by clinicians. Methods: This is a prospective observational study involving 93 consecutive patients who attended the Pain Management Unit for chronic low back pain. The diagnosis of piriformis syndrome was made using the modified Flexion Adduction Internal Rotation (FAIR) test, which is a combination of Lasègue sign and FAIR test. Prevalence of piriformis syndrome based on this technique was compared with the previous data using other techniques. Chi square (χ²) analysis was performed to detect the relationship between piriformis syndrome and the potential risk factors. Results: On the basics of our diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of piriformis syndrome was 17.2% among low back pain patients. All the patients diagnosed with piriformis syndrome responded well with piriformis muscle injections. No significant associations were detected between piriformis syndrome and spine disorders. Conclusions: Piriformis syndrome is a painful condition that is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of chronic buttock or low back pain. The modified FAIR test together with piriformis muscle injection is potentially a reliable method for the clinical diagnosis of piriformis syndrome.     

Investigation of nonmechanical findings during spinal movement screening for identifying and/or ruling out metastatic cancer

Study design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar movement restrictions and pain in patients with metastatic bone cancer. Background: When evaluating patients with low back pain, physical therapists have used the presence of nonmechanical findings during a spinal movement screen as 1 factor in determining whether physician referral is necessary. There are no studies that have investigated the accuracy of this strategy in a situation of diagnostic uncertainty. Methods: This study included 1,109 patients (655 women) with low back pain (mean age = 54.8 ± 16.3 years) seen at a spine surgery center who received a clinical movement screen and an imaging‐supported diagnosis by an orthopedic surgeon. No report of pain during movement and no limitation of movement were considered the 2 targeted findings as these are associated with nonmechanical findings. Results: Sixty‐six patients were diagnosed with metastatic cancer, 61 with metastatic bone cancer and concomitant diagnoses. Pain‐free lumbar movements in all directions for patients with metastatic bone cancer without concomitant diagnoses were associated with a posttest probability of 0.00 (+likelihood ratio = 2.4; ?likelihood ratio = 0.0), which may be useful in ruling out spinal cancer. In situations where a concomitant diagnosis was present with cancer, the value of a movement screen was poor. Conclusion: Nonmechanical findings during a traditional movement screen are not specific to sinister conditions such as metastatic spinal cancer. Clinicians should expect concomitant conditions to exhibit painful or limited findings in patients with and without cancer.     

职业性腰背痛培训在缓解ICU护士腰背痛中的应用效果

目的：观察职业性腰背痛培训在缓解ICU护士腰背痛中的应用效果。方法：选择河北省4家三级甲等医院的107名ICU护士为研究对象,并随机分为实验组（n=55）和对照组（n=52）。实验组进行30min的人体力学知识培训和10min的腰背部肌肉锻炼操指导;对照组只进行30min的人体力学知识培训。培训前后采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）对其疼痛程度进行评价。结果：干预后实验组VAS评分为（2.13±0.72）分,对照组VAS评分为（3.23±0.44）分,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。结论：职业性腰背痛培训能有效缓解ICU护士职业性腰背痛。     

Posteroanterior spinal mobilization: state of the art review and discussion

Posteroanterior spinal mobilization is a commonly used technique among physical therapists to diagnose and treat lower back pain patients. Human subjects and instruments have been used to test for the reliability of physical therapists' ability to detect intervertebral motion, but studies confirm unreliable testing. Despite documented efficacy of manual treatment the mechanical response to posteroanterior spinal mobilization is not well understood, and this has been emphasized in recent studies. Various modes of instrumental methodology have been used for objective measurements of force application and joint displacement. Some instruments serve to mobilize the spine others serve as measurement tools for mobilization. The literature does not provide a gold standard for the ideal magnitude of force applied or joint displacement. The terminology used in the field of manual therapy is often confusing, and terms need to be defined. A review and discussion is presented here to highlight the issues and gaps.     

妊娠晚期孕妇下腰痛及其影响因素的现状调查分析

目的了解妊娠晚期孕妇下腰痛及其影响因素的现状。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷对364例妊娠晚期孕妇进行现状调查并分析其影响因素。结果下腰痛是孕妇妊娠晚期的常见症状,发生率为68．1％;有下腰痛史的孕妇、家庭经济状况好的孕妇、下腰痛知识水平差的孕妇下腰痛程度较重。结论下腰痛是妊娠晚期的常见症状;孕妇下腰痛史、家庭经济状况和下腰痛知识水平是影响孕妇下腰痛程度的主要因素。     

Cooled Radiofrequency System for the Treatment of Chronic Pain from Sacroiliitis: The First Case‐Series

? Abstract: Sacroiliitis and sacroiliac (SI) joint dysfunction are frequent causes of the chronic lower back pain. Therapeutic solutions include intra‐atricular injections with short‐term pain relief and surgical fusion, which appears ineffective. Radiofrequency (RF) of the joint capsule or lateral branches has been previously reported with variable successes. Cooling tissue adjacent to the electrode (cooled RF) increases the radius of lesion. We present here the first retrospective data on pain relief and changes in function after such RF denervation. We reviewed electronic records of 27 patients with chronic low back pain (median 5 years) who underwent cooled RF of S1, S2, and S3 lateral branches and of dorsal ramus (DR) L5 following two diagnostic SI joint blocks (>50% of pain relief). Patient sample consisted of 20 women and 7 men, 38 to 92 years old. Pain disability index (PDI), visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, global patient satisfaction (GPE) and opioid use before and 3–4 months after the procedure were analyzed. One patient had an incomplete chart. Observed were improvements in function (PDI) from 32.7 ± 9.9 to 20.3 ± 12.1 (P < 0.001) and VAS pain scores 7.1 ± 1.6 to 4.2 ± 2.5 (P < 0.001) at 3–4 months after the procedure. Opioid use decreased from median 30 to 20 mg morphine equivalent. Eighteen patients rated their improvement in pain scores using GPE as improved or much improved, while eight claimed minimal or no improvement. The majority of patients with chronic SI joint pain experienced a clinically relevant degree of pain relief and improved function following cooled RF of sacral lateral branches and DR of L5 at 3–4 months follow‐up. ?