慢性肾衰患者骨密度及调钙激素测定的临床意义

慢性肾衰(CRF)特别是血液透析(HD)患者所伴发的骨质疏松、骨软化、肾性佝偻病等肾性骨病已为临床广泛重视。为了解CRF患者钙、磷代谢对骨矿含量的影响，我们对CRF患者进行了骨密度(BMD)及钙、磷调节激素-甲状旁腺素(PTH)、降钙素(CT）、骨钙素(BGP)含量的测定，并与正常对照组进行比较分析。     

男性肝硬化患者钙调激素与性激素变化及其临床意义

探讨男性肝硬化患者钙调激素与性激素变化及其临床意义.男性肝硬化患者48例(按Child-Pugh分级分为A、B、C三组), 男性健康对照组43名, 均进行骨密度(BMD)测定, 用免疫放射法(IRMA)及放射免疫法(RIA)测定甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)、骨钙素(BGP)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T), 生化检测肝功能、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨性碱性磷酸酶(BLP)及血钙(Ca2 )、磷(P3 ).肝硬化患者与对照组比较血清PTH升高、CT降低、BGP大部分患者降低、E2上升、T降级、E2/T比值升高;血清ALP及BLP均上升,血Ca2 及血P3 均下降, 骨质疏松发病率增高,而且随着肝功能损害加重, 上述变化越显著.男性肝硬化患者钙调激素及性激素紊乱, 导致肝性骨病, 成人以骨质疏松为主, 并随病情发展而趋严重.     

甲亢患者骨矿物含量与血清PTH、BGP和CT的关系

为探讨甲亢患者骨矿物含量(BMD)与血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、骨钙素(BGP)和降钙素(CT)的关系,以167例甲亢患者为甲亢组,58名正常人为对照组,测定两组BMD和用RIA测定血清BGP、PTH、CT.结果表明,甲亢组的BMD(0.52±0.21g/cm2)和 CT(70.3±12.9ng/L)比正常组(0.79±0.36g/cm2, 102.7±27.4ng/L)下降(P＜0.01).甲亢组血清PTH(30.4±9.6ng/L)和BGP(12.6±4.1μg/L)比对照组(22.8±8.1ng/L,6.3±1.1μg/L)升高(P＜0.01).本文提示,甲亢患者的BMD与血清PTH、BGP、CT水平有关.     

超滤量及透析液钙浓度对透析前后血钙的影响

目的:观察不同超滤量及透析液钙浓度对透析前后血钙的影响.方法:将92名血液透析患者按照使用透析液的Ca 2+浓度分为Ca-1.25组和Ca-1.5组,每组再按照透析超滤量分为两个亚组,Ca-1.25组分为A,B组,Ca-1.5组分为C,D组,A组、C组超滤量<3 kg,B组、D组超滤量≥3 kg.检测透析前后各组血清总钙、血磷、透前甲状旁腺激素(plasma parathyroid hormone,PTH)浓度并进行相关分析.结果:各组透析后血钙浓度较透析前升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),B组、D组透析前后血钙变化分别较A组、C组明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),Ca-1.5组血钙较Ca-1.25组高,两组透析前后血钙变化差异无统计学意义.A,B组及C,D组中血磷及PTH均无差异,Ca-1.25组血磷及PTH均高于Ca-1.5组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:使用1.25和1.5 mmol/L的Ca2+透析液均会使钙向体内转运,超滤量与钙转运量成正比,与血磷变化无关,且使用1.5 mmol/L的Ca2+透析液的患者血钙更易达到正常水平,不刺激PTH分泌.     

糖尿病患者甲状旁腺激素、降钙素和骨钙素相关性研究

采用放射免疫分析方法测定40例正常人和30例糖尿病患者血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)和骨钙素(BGP)作相关性研究。结果糖尿病组血清PTH和CT水平均较正常组升高(P<0.01),BGP较正常人降低(P<0.01);相关分析显示正常组和糖尿病组的PTH与CT之间均有明显的相关性,而PTH与BGP间均未见相关变化,CT与BGP在正常组呈负相关变化,而糖尿病组未见相关性变化,3种激素的改变作为研究糖尿病的钙磷代谢紊乱和骨质疏松的机理有独特的临床意义。     

不同钙离子浓度的腹膜透析液对腹膜透析患者血清胎球蛋白A水平及动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的 探讨不同Ca2+浓度腹膜透析液对腹膜透析患者血清胎球蛋白A水平和颈动脉粥样硬化的影响,以及两者间的关系.方法 2008年1月至2010年1月本科室收治30例终末期肾病(ESRD)患者,按完全随机法分为生理钙透析液组及普通钙透析液组,分别使用生理钙透析液(Ca2+浓度1.25 mmol/L)和普通钙透析液(Ca2+浓度1.75 mmol/L)进行腹膜透析治疗并随访观察1年.治疗前后检测患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白蛋白(Alb)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、钙磷乘积(Ca×P)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、胎球蛋白A水平,以及超声检测颈动脉斑块进展情况.10例体检的健康正常人作为健康对照组,检测其血清胎球蛋白A水平.结果 治疗前ESRD组与健康对照组血清胎球蛋白A水平分别为(276.20± 17.0)mg/L和(372.10±18.5)mg/L,ESRD组较健康对照组显著降低(P＜0.01).治疗前胎球蛋白A高水平组患者心血管事件发生率低于胎球蛋白A低水平组(P＜0.05).治疗1年后,生理钙透析液组患者颈动脉斑块进展显著慢于普通钙透析液组(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析显示颈动脉斑块进展与治疗前后血清胎球蛋白A水平变化值(△fetuin-A)有关联(β=0.320,P＜0.01).结论 生理钙透析液能够通过稳定血清胎球蛋白A水平延缓动脉粥样硬化进展,减少腹膜透析患者心血管事件的发生.     

糖尿病肾功能不全患者甲状旁腺素和骨钙素的变化及相互关系

随着各种肾替代疗法的广泛应用,肾性骨病已成为尿毒症的主要并发症之一.早期的研究已证实,在慢性肾功能不全患者中i-甲状旁腺素(i-PTH)与骨钙素(BGP)成线性正相关,提示PTH可能直接影响BGP,但仍不清楚糖尿病慢性肾功能不全患者PTH和BGP的相互关系.为此,我们观察了慢性肾功能不全各个阶段的糖尿病患者i-PTH和BGP的变化及相互关系.     

PTH、Ca、P在肿瘤骨转移判断中的变化分析

目的 观察肿瘤患者血清甲状旁腺素(PTH)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)水平,探讨肿瘤患者PTH分泌情况及其对钙磷代谢的调节作用.方法 选择2018年1月至2021年4月在我院明确诊断为肿瘤的111例患者为研究对象,其中骨转移者36例,对其血清PTH、Ca、P水平进行回顾性分析.另外纳入48例健康体检者作为对照组.比较各组患者血清PTH、Ca、P水平.结果 血清PTH水平在骨转移组、非骨转移组、对照组间有差异(P=0.044),其中骨转移组血清PTH高于对照组和非骨转移组.血清总Ca、校正Ca、P水平在三组间有差异(P<0.001,P<0.001,P=0.001),其中非骨转移组患者血清总Ca、校正Ca低于对照组,非骨转移组患者血清P水平较对照组升高(P=0.003).血清校正Ca、P水平在PTH升高组、PTH正常组、PTH降低组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.024,P=0.049).血清校正Ca在PTH正常组高于降低组(P=0.019),血清P在PTH正常组低于降低组(P=0.049).结论 肿瘤患者血清PTH水平升高,对于肿瘤骨转移的判断有一定的临床参考意义.部分肿瘤患者分泌过多的PTH,但不一定影响血钙水平,应综合分析PTH升高而血钙正常的情况.     

血液透析患者血清降钙素、骨钙素RIA及与肾性骨病的关系

长期进行血液透析(HD)的患者发生钙磷代谢异常已为人们所熟知。为进一步探讨HD患者体内调节激素代谢紊乱的情况以及各种激素与肾性骨病的关系，我们对43例HD患者进行了血清降钙素(CT)，骨钙素(BGP)、血清钙(Ca)和磷(P)的检测，现将结果报告如下。     

甲状旁腺素检测试剂于术中快速识别及保护甲状旁腺的作用

目的 探讨甲状旁腺素(PTH)检测试剂在甲状腺全/近全切除联合中央区淋巴结清扫术中快速识别及保护甲状旁腺的临床价值。方法 纳入44例甲状腺癌患者,根据术中是否使用PTH检测试剂分为观察组(使用PTH检测试剂)和对照组(未使用PTH检测试剂),每组22例。观察组患者于术中遇到疑似的甲状旁腺,由手术医生进行标记,对疑似的甲状旁腺进行PTH检测,根据检测结果确定是否切除;对照组根据经验判断是否切除。记录2组患者甲状旁腺检出结果,并比较2组患者手术前后血清钙、PTH水平及术后并发症情况。结果 2组甲状旁腺检出比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。2组患者术前血清钙及PTH水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);观察组患者术后PTH水平及血清钙水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。2组术后低钙症状比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05); 2组患者术后均未出现永久性甲状旁腺功能受损。结论 PTH检测试剂可快速识别甲状旁腺,防止其被误切除,从而降低患者术后甲状旁腺功能减退及低血钙的发生。     

Differences in association of bone mineral density with coronary artery calcification in men and women: the Rancho Bernardo Study

OBJECTIVE: Whether osteoporosis and calcification of atherosclerotic plaque are two independent, age-related processes or linked by similar mechanisms of bone mineralization and plaque calcification is unknown. This study examines the sex-specific association between bone mineral density (BMD) and coronary artery calcification with a particular focus on hormone therapy (HT). DESIGN: Participants were 180 men (aged 47-86 years) and 186 women (aged 58-81 years) without a history of heart disease who had hip and spine BMD assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) measured by electron-beam computed tomography. Calcium scores were categorized into none/minimal (or=400). Ordinal and binary logistic regressions examined the associations between site-specific BMD and CACS. RESULTS: In men and women not using HT, there was no age-independent association between BMD at any site and CACS. In contrast, among current HT users an inverse association of BMD with coronary artery calcification was observed at the total hip (odds ratio [OR] = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.33-0.95), trochanter (OR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.32-0.93), and intertrochanter area (OR = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.41-0.86) after adjustment for age and other risk factors. Other skeletal sites showed similar, but not statistically significant, associations (P < 0.1). CONCLUSION: Lack of association between BMD and CACS in men and women not using HT and the inverse association in women on HT suggest that the association between coronary and bone calcium might be mediated by estrogen.     

Osteoporosis,osteopenia, and atherosclerotic vascular disease

Older women with low bone mineral density (BMD) have a higher prevalence of atherosclerotic vascular disease (coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, or peripheral arterial disease) than older women with normal BMD. Three coronary angiographic studies have shown that low BMD is associated with obstructive coronary artery disease. Low BMD has been shown to be associated with stress test-induced myocardial ischemia, reduced exercise capacity, and with aortic valve calcification. Women with osteoporosis have an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Treatment of osteoporosis or osteopenia should include therapeutic measures to prevent cardiovascular events.     

绝经后妇女骨质疏松患者血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3与骨密度及骨代谢指标的关系

目的： 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）和胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-3（IGFBP-3）与绝经后妇女骨密度及骨代谢指标之间的关系。方法： 通过检测90例绝经后妇女骨质疏松患者及70例绝经后骨量正常的健康对照组血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、骨钙素（BGP）、I型胶原异构C端肽（β-CTX）、雌激素（E₂）、降钙素（CT）、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）等指标，然后同用双能X线骨密度仪检测的两组研究对象的腰椎（L2-L4）侧位、左股骨颈骨密度进行比较。结果： 绝经后骨质疏松组妇女腰椎、股骨颈骨密度显著低于对照组（均P<0.01）；血清IGF-1、IGFBP-3、E₂、CT、BGP水平均低于对照组（均P<0.01）；血清β-CTX、PTH均高于对照组（均P<0.01），血清Ca、P两组之间无差异（均P>0.05）。骨质疏松组和对照组腰椎侧位、左股骨颈BMD均与IGF-1、IGFBP-3、E₂、BGP、CT水平呈正相关，与β-CTX、PTH水平呈负相关，而与血钙、血磷无明显关系。结论： IGF-1、IGFBP-3、E₂、BGP、CT、β-CTX、PTH血清水平与腰椎、左股骨质具有明显的相关性，通过检测上述指标可考虑作为筛查绝经后妇女是否容易患有骨质疏松症的一项有价值的生化参考指标。     

甲状腺功能异常患者骨代谢变化的探讨

为探讨甲状腺功能改变对骨代谢的影响 ,对 91例甲亢 ,37例甲减及 5 1名健康对照者用免疫放射 (IR MA)法测骨钙素 (BGP)及甲状旁腺素 (PTH) ,用镅 - 2 41单光子跟骨密度仪测骨密度 (BMD)。结果发现 ,BGP含量 :甲亢组明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,甲减组明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;PTH含量 :甲亢组低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,甲减组明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;骨密度测定 :甲亢与甲减组骨质疏松发病率均明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 0 1)。甲亢与甲减组骨质疏松发病年龄前移 ,甲减组 5 5岁以上都有骨质疏松。BGP和PTH改变明显早于骨密度变化 ,可作为甲状腺功能异常时骨代谢变化的灵敏指标 ,特别用于疗效观察     

甲状腺功能亢进症与骨代谢相关性分析

目的:观察甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)对患者骨密度及骨代谢相关指标的影响。方法:采用双能X线骨密度仪测定200例甲亢患者及50名正常对照人群的腰椎、桡骨远端及髋部骨密度(BMD),并测定血清钙(Ca)、磷(P)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、降钙素(CT)及骨钙素(osteocalcin,BGP)等指标。比较两组间骨密度、血清骨代谢指标的差异并分析甲亢与骨代谢之间的相关性。结果:病例组骨密度Z值及血CT均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),ALP、BGP、PTH明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),Ca、P差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关分析显示,甲亢患者骨密度值与游离三碘甲腺原氨酸(FT3)明显相关,与游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)有相关趋势,与病程无关。结论:甲亢患者骨代谢紊乱,呈现骨吸收大于骨形成的趋势,容易导致骨量丢失,且骨量丢失的程度与病情严重程度有关,与病程无明显相关。     

Bone mass and biochemical parameters in metabolic bone diseases

We studied the relationship between the bone mass and biochemical parameters in 175 normal premenopausal, 72 normal postmenopausal and osteoporotic postmenopausal women, between 20 and 88 years old, and in 40 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 23 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, between 13 and 64 years old. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur (femoral neck) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using a QDR-1000, Hologic. The bone mineral content (BMC) of the radius was measured by single photon absorptiometry (SPA) using a model 2780, Norland. Serum PTH, BGP and calcitonin (CT) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The BMD of the spine (L2-L4), and the proximal femur in postmenopausal women were negatively correlated with age. The mean BMD in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis was significantly lower than that in normal postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, age was positively correlated with BGP, PTH, CT and negatively correlated with P. In patients with osteoporosis, the BMD of the spine was negatively correlated with serum BGP. The BMC of radius in patients with hyperthyroidism decreased significantly compared with that in the controls, and was negatively correlated with F-T3. The BMC of the radius in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was significantly lower than that in the controls, and was negatively correlated with serum BGP and serum calcium. The measurements of biochemical parameters such as serum BGP, ALP and PTH may be useful in the assessment of metabolic bone diseases.     

Relationship between coronary artery calcium score by multidetector computed tomography and plaque components by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between coronary artery calcium score (CACS) assessed by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and plaque components assessed by virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) in 172 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with 250 coronary lesions. CACS was assessed according to Agatston scoring method by MDCT and patients were divided into four groups: Group I (CACS = 0 [n = 52]); Group II (CACS = 1-100 [n = 99]); Group III (CACS = 101-400 [n = 84]); and Group IV (CACS > 400 [n = 15]). Total atheroma volume was greatest in Group IV (152 ± 132 μL vs 171 ± 114 μL vs 195 ± 149 μL vs 321±182 μL, P < 0.001). The absolute dense calcium (DC) and necrotic core (NC) volumes were greatest, and relative DC volume was greatest in Group IV (5.5 ± 6.6 μL vs 11.0 ± 10.3 μL vs 15.6 ± 13.6 μL vs 36.6 ± 18.2 μL, P < 0.001, and 14.8 ± 18.2 μL vs 19.5 ± 18.9 μL vs 22.5 ± 19.1 μL vs 41.7 ± 27.9 μL, P < 0.001, and 6.4 ± 5.3% vs 11.0 ± 6.2% vs 14.0 ± 6.5% vs 20.0 ± 7.8%, P < 0.001, respectively). The absolute plaque and DC and NC volumes and the relative DC volume correlated positively with calcium score. CAD patients with high calcium score have more vulnerable plaque components (greater DC and NC-containing plaques) than those with low calcium score.     

Significance of Microalbuminuria in Relation to Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Nonhypertensive,Nondiabetic Subjects

We aimed to investigate the significance of microalbuminuria and its relationship with subclinical atherosclerosis in nonhypertensive and nondiabetic patients, by using coronary artery computed tomography (CT). A total of 1,318 nonhypertensive and nondiabetic subjects who had taken coronary artery CT and measured spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) were evaluated. The atherosclerotic changes of coronary arteries were greater in subjects with microalbuminuria, reflected by coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and significant coronary artery stenosis (CACS ≥ 100 in 15.3% vs 7.6% and stenosis ≥ 50% in 11.5% vs 4.9% of patients with vs without microalbuminuria, P = 0.008 and P = 0.011, respectively). Among various parameters that are known as a risk factor or possible biomarkers of coronary artery disease, presence of microalbuminuria, age and Framingham risk score were significantly related to coronary artery stenosis. Among them the presence of microalbuminuria showed stronger correlation than others to the coronary artery stenosis detected by CT, even after adjusting confounding factors (OR 3.397, 95% confidence interval 1.138 to 10.140, P = 0.028). The presence of microalbuminuria by UACR was significantly associated with presence of coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50% in asymptomatic, nonhypertensive and nondiabetic general population. Our study suggests that the presence of microalbuminuria may imply subclinical coronary artery disease, even in asymptomatic population.