Role of Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy for Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor

Background:

Since the first case report regarding laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (DP) for solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT), few additional articles have been published. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and long-term outcome of the laparoscopic DP based on a series of adult SPT patients.

Methods:

In a single-center study, we screened all adult patients undergoing a laparoscopic DP for SPT. Preoperative, operative, and postoperative data were retrospectively analysed and compared to the results of open DP for SPT published in the medical literature.

Results:

From April 2000 to June 2010, 5 adult female patients (median age 34 y) underwent a laparoscopic DP for an SPT. No conversion to open surgery was required. The median size of the tumor was 45 mm. The postoperative mortality rate was 0%, and serious complications (Dindo IV) occured in 2 patients. The postoperative quality of life was not significantly altered by the laparoscopic procedure. At a median follow-up of 60 mo, all patients were alive and without evidence of local recurrence, distant metastasis, diabetes, or exocrine insufficiency.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopy may offer an alternative to open surgery in the treatment of SPT of the distal pancreas in adult female patients. The laparoscopic procedure impacts neither the oncologic outcome nor the quality of life. However, due to the risk of postoperative complications, this procedure should be reserved for specialized centers.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤47例临床诊治分析

目的探讨胰腺实性假乳头状瘤（solid pseudopapillary tumor,SPT）的临床病理特征与诊断、治疗及预后。方法对2006年1月～2011年12月我院47例SPT的临床表现、实验室和影像学检查、病理结果、治疗和预后进行回顾性分析。结果 45例行手术切除,其中胰十二指肠切除术11例、胰体尾＋脾切除术18例、胰尾切除术2例、胰腺中段切除术3例、肿瘤局部切除术9例、术后复发再次手术2例;开腹探查术2例。术后出现胰漏14例,胆漏2例,出血3例,腹腔感染3例,胃瘫4例。45例术后随访3～68个月,平均32个月,其中随访〉24个月29例,均未出现复发和转移,无死亡。结论胰腺SPT是一种低度恶性肿瘤,临床表现无特异性,CT及MRI是最主要的影像学检查方法,治疗以手术切除为主,预后良好。     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的CT表现与病理对照(附8例分析)

目的分析胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(solid pseudopapillary tumors of pancreas,SPTP)的CT表现。方法观察8例SPTP患者的CT表现,并与手术病理结果对照分析。结果 8例SPTP均为单发、外突性生长的囊实性肿块,其中4例呈类圆形,2例呈卵圆形,2例呈浅分叶状。增强后4例肿瘤实性部分轻中度强化,动脉期与门静脉期无明显差异。7例包膜完整,5例见壁结节,2例伴出血,5例伴钙化,1例伴胰管扩张,1例伴肝脏转移,1例伴胃后壁受侵。8例镜下见假乳头状结构以及出血、坏死及囊性变。结论 SPTP的CT表现具有一定的特征性,反映其病理特征,有助于诊断及鉴别诊断。     

Laparoscopic enucleation of a pancreatic insulinoma

Insulinoma is the most common functional neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas [2]. In most cases the lesions are benign, solitary, and located within the pancreatic parenchyma. Because of these characteristics, the majority of these lesions can be treated with simple enucleation [2]. Advances in laparoscopic techniques have recently enabled the safe resection of pancreatic islet cell tumors [1] and may provide patients with the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. This video demonstrates the technique of laparoscopic enucleation of a pancreatic insulinoma. The case presentation is that of a 40-year-old man who had symptoms of neuroglycopenia and was found to have elevated proinsulin levels during a 72-hour fast. Further evaluation included a CT scan, which revealed a 1.5 cm lesion on the posterior surface of the midbody of the pancreas. The video shows the operative technique of enucleation of the lesion, including positioning and trocar placement, performance of intraoperative ultrasound for tumor localization, and the use of specialized instruments (laparoscopic freer-elevator with a spatulated tip) that allowed enucleation of the lesion without excess handling of the tumor itself. The operation was performed in 105 minutes with minimal blood loss. The patient was fed clear liquid diet on the day after surgery and was discharged home on the third postoperative day. He had an uneventful recovery and has experienced no further symptoms. This multimedia article (video) has been published online and is available for viewing at http://www.springerlink.com. Its abstract is presented here. As a subscriber to Surgical Endoscopy you have access to our SpringerLink electronic service, including Online First.     

Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy in Children: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background Laparoscopic resection of benign tumors of the pancreas has been reported in adults, but only four cases of partial laparoscopic pancreatectomy in children have been described in the English-language literature. Methods We describe the case of an 11-year-old girl with a solid pseudopapillary tumor who was treated with a laparoscopic, spleen-preserving, distal pancreatectomy. The specimen was extracted in an endoscopic bag retrieval system through a Pfannenstiel incision. Operative time was 120 minutes, and minimal blood loss occurred. The literature is reviewed. Results The postoperative course was uneventful. Twenty-two months after the operation, clinical follow-up (including assessment of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function) revealed nothing abnormal. The functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory. Conclusions The technique used for our case is simple and reproducible, was completed safely within a reasonable operative time, and yielded a good result.     

两种不同机器人手术方式治疗胰头部实性假乳头状瘤的对比研究

目的对比研究机器人肿瘤剜除术(robotic enucleation,REN)及机器人胰十二指肠切除术(robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy, RPD)在治疗胰头部胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas, SPT)的可行性及术后短期、长期结果。 方法选取2016年1月至2019年4月解放军总医院第一医学中心肝胆外二科收治的28例胰头部SPT患者,其中10例患者进行REN,18例患者接受RPD。回顾性分析两组患者的一般资料、手术情况、术后随访等数据,对两组进行比较和评估。 结果28例患者的中位年龄为29岁,男∶女比例为1∶8.33。REN组体质量指数值较低(P＝0.046)。两组患者均无围手术期死亡及二次手术。与RPD组相比,REN组的手术时间更短(P<0.001)、出血量更少(P＝0.009)。但两组的术后并发症率、胰瘘率、术后住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访期内两组均无复发病例,REN组术后外分泌功能不全的发生率更低(P＝0.039)。 结论机器人胰头部SPT肿瘤剜除术安全可行,保留器官及功能的优势明显,不会增加术后胰瘘及其他严重并发症。对于适合的胰头部SPT患者建议首选REN治疗。     

Laparoscopic resection of uncinate process of the pancreas

Background  Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is an uncommon but distinctive pancreatic neoplasm with low metastatic potential [1]. Therefore, whenever feasible, an organ-preserving operation should be performed. As previously reported, women with solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas may be best treated by more conservative procedures [2]. Recently, laparoscopic pancreatic resections became more common and are being performed in highly specialized centers. There are only six cases of laparoscopic resection for solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas published in the English literature and, to our knowledge, laparoscopic resection of uncinate process of the pancreas has never been reported [3–6]. This video demonstrates the technical aspects of a totally laparoscopic resection of the uncinate process of the pancreas in a patient with solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Methods  A 26-year-old woman with a 4-cm solid pseudopapillary pancreatic neoplasm was referred for surgical treatment. According to preoperative echoendoscopy, there was a safe margin between neoplasm and main pancreatic duct. The patient was placed in supine position with the surgeon standing between her legs. Four trocars, one 10-mm and three 5-mm, were used. At inspection, the inferior vena cava, transverse colon, duodenum, and pancreas are clearly identified. A Kocher maneuver was performed with complete exposure of pancreatic head and uncinate process. The uncinate process was dissected from the superior mesenteric vein and venous branches were divided between metallic clips or by use of laparoscopic coagulation shears (LCS; Ethicon Endo Surgery Industries, Cincinnati, OH, USA). Blood supply of the duodenum was preserved by ligature of small pancreatic branches from inferior pancreatoduodenal artery. Transection of pancreatic parenchyma was performed using laparoscopic coagulation shears, which is an effective tool for cutting the pancreas [7, 8]. Surgical specimen was removed through a suprapubic incision inside a retrieval bag. A hemostatic absorbable tissue (Surgicel; Ethicon Inc., Cincinnati, OH) was placed in the cutting pancreatic surface, and one round 19F Blake abdominal drain (Ethicon) was left in place. Results  Operative time was 180 minutes and blood loss estimated in 40 ml with no blood transfusion. Hospital stay was 4 days. The patient did not have postoperative pancreatitis or pancreatic leakage, and the abdominal drain was removed on the tenth postoperative day. Final pathology confirmed the diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas with free surgical margins. The patient was well and asymptomatic 2 months after the procedure. Conclusions  Laparoscopic resection of uncinate process of the pancreas is safe and feasible and should be considered for patients suffering from pancreatic neoplasms. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Solid and Cystic Tumor of the Pancreas: a Case Report

A case of a solid and cystic tumor of the pancreas occuring in a 15 year-old girl is reported. This patient was admitted with epigastric and left upper quadrant pain and vomiting. A mass was detected in the pancreas on CT scan and the patient was referred for surgery. A distal pancreatectomy was performed. A pathological diagnosis of solid and cystic tumor of the pancreas was made and the patient was discharged uneventfully.     

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a case series of 26 consecutive patients

Objective

Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas, which predominantly affects young women, is a relatively indolent entity with favorable prognosis. The aim of this study is to describe the clinicopathologic features and surgical management of this disease in our institution.

Methods

A retrospective study of clinical data from 26 consecutive patients with SPT managed in a tertiary academic center between January 2002 and December 2007 was performed. Clinicopathologic factors were compared between benign and malignant cases to determine what features of the tumor could suggest malignant potential.

Results

The 26 cases included 22 female and 4 male patients, and the average age was 32.3 years (range 15 to 64). Clinical symptoms were nonspecific and included upper abdominal pain or discomfort, abdominal distention, and back pain. The neoplasm was localized in the pancreatic head/neck in 14 patients and in the body/tail in 12 patients. The median diameter of these lesions was 6.25 cm (range 2 to 15). All of the tumors-including 8 pancreaticoduodenectomies, 10 distal pancreatectomies, 6 local resections, 1 total pancreatectomy, and 1 central pancreatectomy-were resected successfully. No patient received chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery. All of the patients except 1 were alive at a median follow-up of 32.5 months (range 3 to 69). One of the 2 patients with malignant SPT, in whom Ki-67 immunoreactivity was >25%, developed local recurrence with liver metastasis 4 months and died 6 months after surgery. There were no significant associations between clinicopathologic factors and malignancy.

Conclusions

SPT is a rare neoplasm with low malignant potential. Characteristic computed axial tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans combined with age and sex profile should be sufficient for the decision to operate. Patients with malignant SPT should have careful follow-up. The high proliferative index assessed by immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 may predict poor outcome of malignant SPT.     

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: a multicenter study of 23 pediatric cases

Background/Purpose

Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a very rare form of childhood pancreatic tumor. This study was intended to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of this tumor in childhood.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were pathologically diagnosed with SPT between March 1991 and March 2005.

Results

Twenty-three patients underwent an operation and were pathologically diagnosed with SPT. Five (22%) were male, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3.6. The initial signs and symptoms were upper abdominal pain in 20 patients (87%), palpable abdominal mass in 8 (35%), and dyspepsia in 6 (26%). Four patients (17%) had a history of abdominal trauma. Tumors were located in the pancreatic head (30%), body (13%), tail (44%), and both body and tail (13%). Operative procedures performed were pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 6, 26.1%), distal pancreatectomy (n = 7, 30.4%), distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (n = 7, 30.4%). The median follow-up period was 62 months (range, 6-175 months). One patient showed multiple liver metastasis 3 months after the initial operation and required adjuvant chemotherapy. All other patients were alive at their most recent follow-up with no evidence of recurrence or distant metastasis.

Conclusions

Complete resection of an SPT is usually curative and patients can survive a long period after the operation.     

胰腺囊性实性肿瘤1例

患者，女，18岁，因反复上腹部隐痛伴恶心、呕吐6月，于2005年4月4日入院。患都月前无明显诱因出现上腹部阵发性隐痛，向腰背部放射，同时伴恶心、呕吐。曾出现剧烈腹痛2次。起病以来无消瘦，饮食可，无发热及黄疸。体查：皮肤、巩膜无黄染，左上腹部饱满，可触及肿物，质韧，表面光滑，压痛，稍活动。B超检查示：胰尾部可见低回声包块，形态欠规则，边界欠清，实质回声不均匀，考虑为胰腺囊肿。CT示胰尾部圆形肿块影，     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床特征和外科治疗

目的 总结胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的临床特征和手术疗效.方法 回顾性分析安徽医科大学附属省立医院2000年1月-2011年2月经病理证实的18例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者的临床资料.结果 患者发病年龄15 ～46岁,平均27.8岁;其中男性3例,女性15例.肿瘤直径为4.0～15.0 cm,平均7.1 cm;11例肿瘤(61.1％)有界限清楚的囊,5例(27.8％)侵及胰腺外组织;9例(50.0％)含有囊性成分,3例(16.7％)有钙化.静脉侵犯、淋巴侵犯、神经侵犯的频率分别为16.7％(3/18)、0、0.未见淋巴结侵犯和肝转移.胰体尾+脾切除术5例,保脾胰体尾切除术3例,胰十二指肠切除术1例,中段胰腺切除术1例,单纯肿瘤切除术8例.18例患者中15例进行了随访,平均随访47.5个月,所有患者存活未见复发或转移.结论 胰腺实性假乳头状瘤好发于年轻女性,经手术治疗(包括单纯肿瘤切除术)的胰腺实性假乳头状瘤患者有良好的疗效.     

Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: Experience at a tertiary care centre of Northern India

IntroductionSolid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas is rare, accounting for 0.13–2.7% of all pancreatic tumors. It is unique, has low malignant potential and predominantly affects young women. Radiological and pathological studies have revealed that the tumor is quite different from other pancreatic tumors. But the cell origin of SPT and tumorigenesis are still enigmatic. Abdominal mass is the most common presenting symptom. Due to the paucity of the number of cases, the natural history of the disease is not fully understood. This study was undertaken to examine the clinico-pathological characteristics of the disease and to evaluate the outcome of surgical intervention in a tertiary referral care centre.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of all patients diagnosed and treated for SPN in our hospital over a period of 10 years (2005–2015) was carried out. A database of the characteristics of these patients was developed. In all, 11 patients were identified. A CT scan of the abdomen was performed in all the patients and the findings revealed a mass in the pancreas. The investigations performed included routine blood investigations, chest X-ray, CA-19-9 level and either an ultrasound or a CT Scan of the abdomen.ResultsDuring the time period of 10 years, of 349 patients with pancreatic malignancy admitted to our department, only 11 were diagnosed as having SPN (3.15%). Ten patients were women (90%) and one patient was a man (10%). The patients had a median age of 27.6 years (range 17–41). The most common symptoms were abdominal pain and dullness. Eight patients (72.7%) presented with abdominal pain or abdominal dullness and three patient (27%) were asymptomatic. All the 11 patients were taken up for surgery. Three patients underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, three patients underwent the total mass excision and one patient underwent total pancreatic resection. Three required extended distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. One underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy.ConclusionSPT is rare, but treatable pancreatic tumor. While clinical signs and symptoms are relatively nonspecific, characteristic findings on imaging and histology separate these tumors from the more malignant pancreatic tumors. The prognosis is favorable even in the presence of distant metastasis. Although surgical resection is generally curative, a close follow-up is advised in order to diagnose a local recurrence or distant metastasis.     

Solid pseudopapillary tumor in a pancreatic rest of the jejunum

Solid pseudopapillary tumors of the pancreas (SPTP) are very rare, and an SPTP arising in a pancreatic rest has been reported only 4 times previously and never in association with the jejunum. We report this unusual case of a 16 year old girl who presented with 4 days of intermittent, crampy abdominal pain and was found to have an SPTP arising in a pancreatic rest of the jejunum.     

胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤22例诊疗体会

目的：探讨胰腺实性-假乳头状瘤（solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas,SPTP）的临床表现特点和治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析2004年1月—2010年11月山东省立医院收治的22例经手术治疗,且术后病理证实为SPTP的患者的临床资料。结果：患者包括21例女性及1例男性,平均年龄为23.4岁。首诊原因多为查体发现胰腺包块而无明显临床症状,另可伴有腹痛、腹胀。影像学检查均提示胰腺或腹腔内边界清楚的实性或囊实性占位病变,CT强化扫描示肿瘤实性部分呈轻、中度强化,囊性部分无明显改变。手术方式包括局部肿瘤切除术8例,胰腺节段切除术2例,胰体尾联合脾脏切除术6例,胰尾部肿瘤切除合并保留脾脏4例,保留十二指肠胰头切除1例,1例发生肝脏转移者行肿瘤局部切除联合肝脏转移瘤切除。术中发现肿瘤分界清楚。除1例发生肝转移外,余患者肿瘤未发现周围器官、血管明显浸润。术后随访无复发及转移。结论：SPTP是一种低度恶性肿瘤,手术是首选治疗方法,尽量首选肿瘤局部切除术,以减少手术创伤。     

Renal cell carcinoma with concomitant solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas: A case report

INTRODUCTIONSolid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of pancreas is an unusual low-grade malignant epithelial tumor that usually occurs in young women and can be treated with surgical resection. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid lesion of the kidney and primarily a disease of the elderly patient.PRESENTATION OF CASEIn this article we present a case of RCC with concomitant SPT of the pancreas who was treated successfully with a radical nephrectomy and distal pancreatectomy.DISCUSSIONRCC with concomitant SPT may associated in β-catenin gene mutation. But no prior reports have described RCC with concomitant SPT of the pancreas in the same patient.CONCLUSIONTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of RCC with concomitant SPT of the pancreas in the same patient.     

胰腺实质性假乳头状瘤的诊治分析(附6例报告)

目的探讨胰腺实质性假乳头状瘤的诊治方法.方法回顾性分析2008年8月-2010年4月期间经广西医科大学第一附属医院手术治疗的6例患者的临床资料.结果患者6例,其中女5例,男1例,年龄17～31岁(平均21.8岁).肿瘤最大径6.6～13.0 cm(平均8.2 cm),胰头部2例,体尾部4例;腹部B超、CT诊断胰腺囊实性...     

Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas: A Report of Six Cases

Background : Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (SPTP) is a rare pancreatic neoplasm. The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of patients with this kind of tumor. Materials and Methods : A retrospective review was performed in 6 patients with SPTP surgically treated between January 2004 and September 2011 in our hospital. Results : All the 6 patients were female.

The mean age of the patients was 39 years (range, 18 to 67 years). The main clinical presentation was abdominal pain or discomfort, however a third of the patients were asymptomatic.

The mean size of the tumor was 9.7 cm (range, 2.5 to 18 cm). Three tumors had a well defined capsule, 3 tumors extended in the pancreas. Four of the 6 tumors had a cystic component, and calcifications were observed in one tumor. No lymph node involvement, no lymphatic invasion and no nerve invasion were observed. One tumor showed an infiltration of the splenic vein, and another patient had a liver metastasis with complete resection.

Distal pancreatectomy (n = 3), local resection (n = 1), cephalic duodenopancreatectomy (n = 1), and distal pancreatectomy associated with a right hepatectomy (n = 1) were performed. The main postoperative complication in the short term was bleeding (n = 1), and long term the development of an insulin-requiring diabetes (n = 2). No patient received adjuvant therapy. Overall mortality rate was 0%. All patients were still alive without recurrent disease with a median follow up of 36.2 months.

Conclusion : Patients with SPTP have an excellent prognosis after its complete removal, even if it is a minimized resection.