Single incision laparoscopic surgery in general surgery: a review

Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a rapidly developing field that may represent the future of laparoscopic surgery. The major advantage of SILS over standard laparoscopic surgery is in cosmesis, with surgery becoming essentially scarless if the incision is hidden within the umbilicus. Only one incision is required so the risk of potential complications like port site hernias, haematomas and wound infection is reduced. The trade-off for this is a technically more challenging procedure with different underlying principles to that of traditional laparoscopic surgery. A wide variety of new equipment has been developed to support SILS and the range of procedures that are amenable to the technique is increasing. To date most of the published data relating to SILS are in the form of case series, with the first large randomised controlled trials due to be completed by the end of 2012. The existing evidence suggests that SILS is similar to standard laparoscopic surgery in terms of complication rates, completion rates and post-operative pain scores. However, the duration of SILS is longer than equivalent laparoscopic procedures. This article discusses SILS with regard to its applications in general surgery and reviews the evidence currently available.     

Single incision laparoscopic surgery for pediatric adnexal pathology

Purpose

Minimally invasive surgery is commonly used to treat gynecologic disease. Literature in the adult population supports that single incision laparoscopic surgery (SIL) is feasible and safe for the treatment of adnexal disease; however, there is little evidence for SIL in the pediatric population.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients with gynecologic disease who underwent SIL from August 2009 to April 2012 was performed. All demographic data, clinical history, radiologic studies, indications for and type of operation, operative time and complications, and pathology were recorded.

Results

Thirty-four patients with a mean age of 12.5 years (range 3.6–17.4 years) underwent SIL for adnexal pathology. Operative interventions included cystectomy (56%), salpingo oopherectomy (26.5%), detorsion (8.8%), adnexal biopsy (5.9%), and oophoropexy (2.9%). Forty-four percent of the patients also underwent appendectomy. The mean operative time was 42.8 minutes. There was 1 wound infection (2.9%) and 2 patients (5.9%) required additional ports.

Conclusions

Single incision laparoscopy provides a safe and effective approach to diagnostic laparoscopy with the ability to carry out operative interventions in multiple quadrants without adding additional ports. Single incision laparoscopy may be particularly effective in young women with abdominal pain requiring operative intervention.     

Single incision laparoscopic right colectomy

Objective  

This study was designed to describe the surgical technique for single-incision laparoscopic right colectomy and present preliminary short-term results. Laparoscopic surgery has been fully validated as alternative, minimally invasive treatment for different benign and malignant conditions. In the attempt to reduce even more the surgical trauma, natural orifices transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES™) and single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) have been proposed. Although the lack of proper instrumentations makes NOTES™ not fully suitable for advanced procedures, SILS might play a significant role, although, to date, only limited series and few case reports of single-incision right colectomy are present in the literature.     

Single incision laparoscopic surgery for appendicectomy: a retrospective comparative analysis

Background  

Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) may further reduce the trauma of surgery leading to reduced port site complications and postoperative pain. The improved cosmetic result also may lead to improved patient satisfaction with surgery.     

Single incision laparoscopic ventral hernia repair

Background and Objectives:

Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVH) requires several skin incisions for trocar placement. We have developed a single incision approach to LVH repair. The technique was introduced in clinical practice to any consenting patients who were candidates for a standard multi-port laparoscopic hernia repair. A consecutive series of patients was then followed to evaluate feasibility.

Methods:

Over an 8-month period, 14 patients (9 females, 5 males) underwent LVH repair by an academic surgeon. One of 2 access methods was used in each patient through a single 1.5-cm to 2-cm skin incision. One technique utilized two 5-mm ports with a temporarily placed 11-mm port for mesh insertion. The second technique utilized the SILS port (Covidien, Norwalk, CT). Standard or roticulating laparoscopic instruments were used with both techniques.

Results:

Range (mean) BMI: 23 to 59 (38), Age: 26 to 73 years (53), Duration: 37 to 87 minutes (57), Defect size: 1cm to 8cm (2), 3 with Swiss-cheese defect hernias. The procedure was successfully performed in all patients. No conversions to a multiple-port approach or to an open procedure were necessary. There were no mortalities, major complications, or recurrences during the mean follow-up period of 4 weeks.

Conclusion:

Single incision ventral hernia repair is technically feasible, effective, and reproducible. The technique is easy to master, and safe for any patient who is a candidate for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair. Further data collection with long-term follow-up will be needed to ensure equivalent outcomes. There will be demand for this approach by patients for cosmetic reasons, and it may serve as a bridge to natural orifice techniques.     

Single incision laparoscopic surgery ovarian cystectomy in large benign ovarian cysts using conventional instruments

We describe a technique for the management of large benign ovarian cysts by single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) through the umbilicus. The paucity of intra-abdominal working space in large ovarian cysts poses a technical challenge. Moreover, difficult convergence of operating instruments and competition for operating space outside the abdomen during the SILS makes the procedure quite demanding, especially with the conventional instruments. The concept of providing traction by taking sutures from the abdominal wall, as done in SILS laparoscopic cholecystectomy, was applied for SILS cystectomy in large ovarian cysts. Two sutures taken through the abdominal wall and then through the cyst wall provide excellent traction and "hang" the cyst from the abdominal wall, making it convenient to dissect and operate. This technique demonstrates that SILS ovarian cystectomy is feasible, safe and technically unchallenging even in large benign ovarian cysts.     

Single center experience in single-incision laparoscopic surgery in children in Turkey

Purpose

Minimally invasive surgery has evolved into single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) in the recent years. Few reports have addressed the practicality of SILS in children. Our current experience with regard to feasibility and effectiveness of SILS in children is presented.

Methods

A retrospective review of the operative database for patients operated on using SILS in our department from March 2009 to July 2010 was performed. Data regarding the type of the procedure, age, sex, operative performance, hospital stay, and complications were collected.

Main Results

Among 43 patients, cholecystectomy was performed in 11; appendectomy, in 10; unroofing for ovarian cysts, in 5; unroofing for splenic cysts, in 4; oophorectomy, in 6 (ovarian torsion, 2; teratoma, 4); ovary-preserving teratoma excision, in 1; splenectomy, in 1; gonadectomy, in 3; and varicocelectomy, in 2. There were no conversions to standard laparoscopic or open techniques. The only postoperative complication was a wound infection that occurred after an appendectomy.

Conclusion

Although currently more expensive, SILS can be performed in children in almost every pediatric surgical procedure that can be accomplished with conventional laparoscopic techniques. The most significant contribution of SILS procedure is cosmesis. Postoperative pain and length of hospital stay were not improved.     

Single incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair

Aims

Various single incision laparoscopic surgeries (SILS) and natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgeries (NOTES) have been reported recently. Herein we performed SILS for totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair (TEP) on three cases.

Cases

Three males of 72, 49, and 73?years old with the diagnoses of bilateral primary inguinal hernia underwent single incision TEP. The operative steps of single incision TEP are very similar to those of a traditional laparoscopic TEP. The difference between them is a 2?cm infraumbilical incision for the placement of three (5?mm) trocars in single incision TEP. We preferred to use a 30° 5?mm laparoscope with some routine laparoscopic instruments during the surgical procedure. All the hernia defects were repaired with VyproII of 15?×?10?cm (Ethicon, NJ, USA). The operations took 32, 26, and 65?min, respectively, with no obvious inconvenience.

Results

All three patients were discharged on the second postoperative day uneventfully. The postoperative follow-up showed no recurrence in the three patients up to now.

Conclusion

The single incision TEP using an access port device is safe and feasible. Meanwhile SILS may reduce medical costs and complication rates through practice and improvement of SILS instruments.     

单孔与多孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术的安全性Meta分析

目的系统评价经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(SILC)与传统多孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术(CMLC)的有效性和安全性。 方法计算机检索CBM、CNKI、PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library数据库,筛选截至2015年7月关于比较SILC与CMLC的随机对照试验(RCT),采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果本研究共纳入34篇RCT文献,合计2 951例患者(SICL组1 502例,CMLC组1 449例)。SILC组的手术时间长于CMLC组,差异有统计学意义[MD＝11.56,95%CI(8.97,14.16),Z＝8.75,P<0.000 01]。相比CMLC组,SILC组的手术转换率更高,差异有统计学意义[RR＝4.01,95%CI(2.56,6.29),Z＝6.06,P<0.000 01]。SILC组患者切口美容评分高于CMLC组,差异有统计学意义[SMD＝1.34,95%CI(0.74,1.94),Z＝4.39,P<0.000 1]。两组术中出血量、术后并发症、术后24 h疼痛评分、住院时间及恢复工作时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论SILC是一项安全有效的手术操作方式,具有更好的美容效果,但手术时间长、术中转换率高,对术者经验和手术技巧要求更高,需综合考虑选择。     

Single incision glove port laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection

Introduction

The advantages of single port surgery remain controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of single incision glove port colon resections using a diathermy hook, reusable ports and standard laparoscopic straight instrumentation.

Methods

Between June 2012 and February 2014, 70 consecutive patients (30 women) underwent a colonic resection using a wound retractor and glove port. Forty patients underwent a right hemicolectomy through the umbilicus and thirty underwent attempted single port resection via an incision in the right rectus sheath (14 high anterior resection, 13 low anterior resection, 3 abdominoperineal resection).

Results

Sixty-two procedures (89%) were completed without conversion to open or multiport techniques. Four procedures had to be converted and additional ports were needed in four other patients. The postoperative mortality rate was 0%. Complications occurred in six patients (9%). Two cases were R1 while the remainder were R0 with a median nodal harvest of 20 (range: 9–48). The median length of hospital stay was 5 days (range: 3–25 days) (right hemicolectomy: 5 days (range: 3–12 days), left sided resection: 6 days (range: 4–25 days). At a median follow-up of 14 months, no port site hernias were observed.

Conclusions

Single incision glove port surgery is an appropriate technique for different colorectal cancer resections and has the advantage of being less expensive than surgery with commercial single incision ports.     

Single incision transumbilical laparoscopic appendectomy: initial experience

Introduction

Appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency. The treatment is surgical and single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) involves performing laparoscopic surgery through a single transumbilical point, in an attempt to improve the results of laparoscopic surgery.

Material and method

A total of 73 patients with suspected acute appendicitis were operated on using the SILS technique between June 2009 and August 2010. All patients were operated on by the same surgical team, and the navel was the only point of entrance. Post-surgical pain was assessed using a numerical scale at the time of discharge.

Results

None of the patients required conversion to conventional laparoscopy. The mean surgical time was 40 ± 14 (16-80) minutes. There were no complications during or after the surgery. The mean post-surgical pain score was 3 ± 1 (1-7) and the mean hospital stay was 18 ± 7 (9-42) hours.

Conclusion

SILS is a safe and effective technique for appendicitis. In the future, the most common surgical procedures could be performed through the navel. This would be by surgeons, highly experienced in advance laparoscopic surgery in order to introduce this new technique safely without increasing morbidity and mortality.     

单孔腹腔镜结直肠手术经验总结

自2008年Buther成功施行了首例单孔腹腔镜右半结肠切除术以后,国内外关于结直肠手术实践的报道相继涌现。本研究回顾性分析2009年12月至2013年7月我科72例行单孔腹腔镜结直肠手术患者的临床资料,探讨单孔腹腔镜技术在结直肠疾病治疗中的临床价值。