磁共振成像技术对直肠癌术前分期应用的评价

目的探讨MRI直肠成像技术对直肠癌术前分期的价值。方法2004年12月至2006年6月，156例经肠镜和病理确诊为直肠癌的患者在我院行直肠MRI扫描，将影像诊断结果与手术病理结果进行对照。结果156例患者中72例表现为腔内局限性软组织肿块；84例表现为肠壁不规则增厚．肠腔环形狭窄环绕肠腔1周或部分：16例合并直肠息肉，2例合并卵巢囊肿；骶前转移13例．股骨转移2例。MRI对直肠T1-2、T3和L分期的敏感性分别为25.0％（8／32）、93.3％（84／90）、94．1％（32／34），特异性分别为100％（124／124）、57．6％（38／66）、96．7％（118／122）。MRI对肠旁转移淋巴结诊断（直径超过5mm，边界不规则或呈混合信号定为转移）的敏感性85．1％（80／94）．特异性45．2％（28／62）。结论MRI对直肠癌的术前分期诊断有较高的准确性，有助于判断肿瘤直肠浆膜外浸润及区域淋巴结转移。     

Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer

Nineteen patients with middle and lower rectal carcinomas were operated on, with abdominoperineal resection in 10 patients, lower anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis in 6 patients, and colorectal anastomosis in 3 patients. The distance of the lower margin of the tumor to insertion of the levator ani on the rectal wall was correctly evaluated by computed tomography in 12 (63%) of 19 patients and by magnetic resonance imaging in 13 (68%) of 19 patients, while digital examination correctly assessed the distance in 15 (79%) of 19 patients. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were unable to assess extension through the rectal wall. No significant difference was observed between computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in assessing extension to the perivesical fat, adjacent organs, pelvic side wall, or lymph nodes. According to the TNM classification, magnetic resonance imaging correctly staged 74% (14/19) of carcinomas, while computed tomography correctly staged 68% (13/19).     

术前Glasgow预后分数对判断直肠癌预后的价值

目的：探讨术前格拉斯哥预后分数（GPS）对直肠癌手术预后的判断价值。方法：回顾6年半内经手术治疗的219例直肠癌患者的临床资料,分析影响直肠癌患者预后的相关因素,并以术前GPS分值将患者分为GPS 2分组,GPS 1分组和GPS 0分组,分析术前GPS与患者临床病理特征的关系,以及比较3组患者的生存情况。结果：单因素分析显示术前癌胚抗原（CEA）,C反应蛋白（CRP）,清蛋白水平,TNM分期,GPS与患者总生存时间有关（均P<0.05）;GPS与术前CEA,CA19-9,CA724,CRP,清蛋白水平,Dukes,TNM分期有关（均P<0.05）。单因素Logistic回归分析发现,术前CEA,CA19-9,CA724,CRP,清蛋白水平,肿瘤分化程度,Dukes及TNM分期和GPS与术后死亡有关（均P<0.05）,进一步多因素Logistic回归分析提示,术前清蛋白浓度,分化程度,TNM分期和GPS是术后死亡的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。GPS 2分组,GPS 1分组与GPS 0分组术后5年生存率分别为13.8%,59.9%,88.4%,3组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论：术前GPS可作为评估直肠癌术后预后的有效指标。

     

腔内水囊磁共振成像对直肠癌术前分期的诊断

目的评估腔内水囊磁共振成像（MRI）预测直肠癌术前分期的准确程度。方法回顾性分析19例直肠癌患者的临床资料，对照术前MRI和术后病理结果．评估MRI能否准确预测直肠癌T和系膜淋巴结转移（N）分期。结果MRI正确T分期15例（78．9％），错误4例，其中2例T1-2期报告为T3期，2例T3期报告为T1-2期；T1-2期的准确率为80％（8／10），B期的准确率为7／9。MRI正确N分期11例（57．9％），错误分期8例；其中高估2例，低估6例，灵敏度为3／9，特异度为80．0％（8／10）。结论术前腔内水囊MRI不能对直肠癌系膜淋巴结转移做出准确预测，可以对T分期进行一般预测。     

Diagnostic precision of magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative prediction of the circumferential margin involvement in patients with rectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: Circumferential margin involvement (CMI) is an important prognostic indicator for patients with rectal cancer. This meta-analysis aims at evaluating the diagnostic precision of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the preoperative evaluation of CMI in patients with rectal cancer. METHOD: Quantitative meta-analysis was performed comparing MRI against histology after total mesorectal excision. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated for each study. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves and subgroup analysis were undertaken. Study quality and heterogeneity were evaluated. Meta-regression meta-analysis was used to evaluate the significance of the difference in relative DORs. RESULTS: Nine studies evaluating 529 patients were included. Pooled results showed an overall sensitivity and specificity for MRI detecting CMI preoperatively of 94% and 85% respectively. The SROC analysis demonstrated an overall weighted area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 (DOR 57.21, 95% CI 18.21-179.77), without significant heterogeneity between the studies (Q-value 14.66, P = 0.06). Good study quality further increased the sensitivity and specificity of MRI. The use of a 1.5 Tesla coil, a phased array coil and the inclusion of two interpreters also resulted in high preoperative diagnostic precision. Meta-regression meta-analysis showed a significant difference in the DOR for studies published in or since 2003 (P = 0.019). CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging can accurately predict CMI preoperatively for rectal cancer in single units and this is reproducible across different centres. This strategy has important implications for selection of patients for adjuvant therapy prior to surgery.     

核磁共振与腔内超声对直肠癌术前局部分期的价值比较

目的 比较核磁共振(MRI)和腔内超声(EUS)对直肠癌术前分期的价值.方法 分别应用MRI和EUS检查对72例和55例直肠癌患者行术前分期,与手术及病理结果对比,比较MRI和EUS对直肠肿瘤浸润深度、区域淋巴结转移判断的准确性.结果 MRI判断T分期总的准确率为76.4％ (55/72),MRI评价N分期的准确率为63.9％ (46/72),EUS判断T分期总的准确率为81.8％(45/55),评价N分期的准确率为65.5％ (36/55).结论 MRI与EUS判断T分期的准确性差异无统计学意义,EUS判断早中期直肠肿瘤浸润层次的准确率高于MRI,两者判断N分期的准确率均较低.     

磁共振成像对直肠癌术前放化疗后再分期准确性的Meta分析

目的评价磁共振成像（MRI）对直肠癌术前放化疗后再分期的准确性。方法利用PubMed、EMBASE、Ovid和wok数据库,全面检索MRI对直肠癌术前放化疗后再分期相关的英文文献,检索日期1985年1月至2012年3月。对MRI用以直肠癌术前放化疗后再分期的敏感性和特异性进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入15篇,共749例患者。MRI对直肠癌术前放化疗后T3～T4分期诊断的敏感性为82．1％（95％CI：67．9％～90．9％）,特异性为53．5％（95％CI：39．3％．67.3％）,诊断比数比（DOR）为5．34（95％C1：2．73～10．45）;对阳性淋巴结诊断的敏感性、特异性及DOR分别为61．8％（95％CI：50．7％～71．8％）、72．0％（95％CI：61．3％～80．7％）和4．33（95％CI：2．84～6．59）;对环周切缘阳性诊断的敏感性、特异性及DOR分别为85．4％（95％CI：60．5％～95．7％）、80．0％（95％CI：57．4％～92．2％）和27．62（95％CI：13．03～58．55）。结论MRI对于直肠癌术前放化疗后B～T4和阳性淋巴结诊断准确性一般,而对环周切缘诊断准确性高。推荐术前常规利用MRI对直肠癌患者进行放化疗后再分期,以避免过度治疗。     

术前MRI对直肠癌环周切缘癌浸润的预测价值

直肠癌环周切缘癌浸润已成为导致直肠癌局部复发和生存率下降的最重要的独立危险因子。术前磁共振成像可以准确预测直肠癌环周切缘是否受累。对于术前判断为环周切缘癌浸润的患者,术前放化疗可以降低局部复发率,延长生存时间。     

Comparison of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, guided prostate biopsy and digital rectal examination in the preoperative anatomical localization of prostate cancer

PURPOSE: We compared the accuracy of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (erMRI), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy and digital rectal examination (DRE) for detecting the location of cancer in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 106 consecutive patients with prostate cancer who were referred for erMRI before radical prostatectomy. Step-section pathological data and erMRI were available in 90 patients, DRE data were available on 86 and individually labeled sextant core biopsies were available in 45. T1 and T2-weighted erMRI was interpreted by a single reader, who scored the likelihood of tumor on a 5-point scale in each seminal vesicle and in 12 locations in the prostate gland. MR spectroscopy data were not used for erMRI interpretation. One pathologist reviewed whole mount serial sections of radical prostatectomy specimens. The area under ROC curves was used to evaluate accuracy. RESULTS: The area under ROC curves for tumor localization was higher for erMRI than for DRE at the prostatic apex (0.72 vs 0.66), mid gland (0.80 vs 0.69) and base (0.83 vs 0.69). It was likewise higher for erMRI than for TRUS biopsy in the mid gland (0.75 vs 0.68) and base (0.81 vs 0.61) but not in the apex (0.67 vs 0.70). On mixed model analysis erMRI significantly increased the accuracy of prostate cancer localization by DRE or TRUS biopsy (each p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: For prostate cancer localization erMRI contributes significant incremental value to DRE or TRUS biopsy findings (each p <0.0001).     

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for detecting lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer

Background  

Preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis is important in determining the optimal therapy for rectal cancer. It has been shown that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is a useful tool for detecting malignant tumors.     

3.0T磁共振高分辨联合扩散加权成像对直肠癌局部浸润的诊断价值

目的:探讨3.0T磁共振高分辨联合扩散加权成像(DWI)序列对直肠癌鉴别浸润深度的评估价值.方法:回顾性分析2017年3月-2018年10月四川省雅安市人民医院手术的34例直肠癌患者,患者术前均扫描了MRI高分辨序列和DWI序列,以病理学结果为金标准,分别计算单独高分辨MRI和高分辨MRI联合DWI对直肠癌T分期和环周...