吸液态氧对高原移居青年心功能指数的影响

(王伟 ,等 .临床军医杂志 ,2 0 0 4 ,32 (2 ) :10～ 12 )　　高原特有的低气压、低氧分压环境 ,使得进驻高原的劳动者劳动能力降低。人力无法改变高原低氧环境 ,直接补充吸氧是提高高原劳动能力的最有效途径。为此 ,作者在海拔 370 0m高原进行了吸入液态氧做踏车运动时心功能指数的研究 ,旨在探讨吸氧改善低氧条件下人体克服疲劳 ,提高做功效率的效果。作者选取了来自平原进驻海拔 370 0m半年的某部男性士兵 4 0名 ,年龄 18岁～ 2 1岁 ,平均 (19.2 5± 0 .90 )岁 ,平原出生 ,进驻高原前体检确认健康。随机将受试者分为两组 ,每组 2 0人 ,分…     

久居高原的中老年人返回平原后SOD的变化

我们对久居高原返回平原、平原、高原中、老年人进行了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的对比研究。结果发现:返回平原中、老年人RBC-SOD含量1 395±130u/gHb,比高原中、老年人RBC-SOD含量高1298±1.58u/gHb,但仍低于平原世居中、老年人1 485±127u/gHb(p<0.01)。提示返回平原后中、老年人RBC-SOD回升。本文从自由基、SOD的水平探讨了久居高原返回平原后衰老进程及“脱适应”的能力。     

移居高原人及其返平原后尿蛋白和尿沉渣检测

目的:对平原人移居高原后尿蛋白及尿沉渣改变的同步研究.方法:对尿蛋白及尿沉渣进行动态观察.结果:平原人移居高原最初30d内极少有尿蛋白阳性者.随移居时间的延长,尿蛋白阳性者逐渐增多,与海拔高度无确切关系.居留4880m90d尿中红细胞数异常并有较多的颗粒管型存在.返平原后尿蛋白伴随着血压下降而锐减.尿沉渣镜检异常亦迅速消失.结论:高原人的尿蛋白及尿沉渣异常与移居高原时间、血压升高或/和RBC增多有关,而与急性高原病无明确关系.较久居者尿蛋白的发生可能是高原缺氧肾小球毛细血管壁通透性增加及肾小管上应重吸收功能降低所致.肾实质可能有一定程度损害.     

某导弹部队进驻高原习服情况调查

某长期驻平原导弹部队 ,1999年 6月由海拔 2 3ｍ的平原乘火车至 2 80 0ｍ高原后 ,摩托化行军翻越 5 32 1ｍ高原 ,进驻海拔 360 0ｍ高原地区演习。为观察部队高原习服情况 ,总结高原习服锻炼的方法、效果及其影响因素 ,我们对该部部分官兵进行了急性高原反应症状群体问卷调查 ,以期为高原习服卫勤保障提供理论依据。1　对象和方法1 1　对象　从该部随机确定 148人为调查对象 ,均为男性 ;年龄 18～ 35岁 ,平均 2 3 15± 0 84岁 ;军龄1～ 16年 ,平均 4 62± 0 71年 ;健康 ,无心、肺疾病 ;长期居住平原 ,无高原居住史。1 2　方法1 2 1　低氧…     

平原人进驻海拔4370m高原后无氧阈的改变

本文观察了14名平原人进驻高原后气体交换无氧阈(AT_(GE))的改变。从中看到,达海拔4370m 高原后第3、5、7和14天,与到高原前比,AT_(GE)分别下降36.5%、32.4%、40.0%和39.0%(P<0.01),并十分接近在此海拔高度上最大氧耗量下降的经验值(34.0%)。平原人达高原后AT_(GE)下降的百分比与入高原前AT_(GE)呈正相关(r=0.851),P<0.01),在平原AT_(GE)较高者,达高原后AT_(GE)下降较多。还在同地观察了8名久居一年的平原人的AT_(GE),与平原对照值比,仍减少25.4%。上述结果表明,平原人进驻高原后,AT_(GE)明显下降,在短时间里尚不能恢复到平原时水平。AT_(GE)作为高原劳动能力评价指标是有应用意义的。     

高原康胶囊对快速进入高原者肺功能的影响及意义

目的 :了解高原康胶囊对快速进入高原者的肺功能的影响及其意义。方法 :将 80名由平原乘飞机初次进入高原的战士随机分为实验组和对照组 ,实验组于平原登机前开始给予口服高原康胶囊 ,2粒 /次 ,3次 /日 ,连续服用 3日 ,对照组给予安慰剂 ,分别于进入高原的前1d及进入高原的第 3d和第 7d对两组快速进入高原者的肺功能进行检测 ,并对两组的肺功能及 7d内急性高山病 (Acutemountainsickness ,AMS)的发病情况进行比较。结果 :对照组和实验组在进入高原后肺功能各指标均较平原增加 ,但实验组比对照组增加更为显著 (对照组P <0 .0 5～P <0 .0 1,实验组P <0 .0 5～P <0 .0 0 1) ;且实验组的AMS发病率显著低于对照组 (实验组 5 % ,对照组 32 .5 % ,P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :高原康胶囊能非常显著地改善快速进入高原者的肺功能 ,通过提高快速进入高原者的高原适应能力而显著降低其AMS的发病率 ,有利于AMS的预防。     

急进高原后劳动作业的现场人体实验

目的:观察平原人急进高原后立即开展工作的高原反应发生和工作完成情况,探索平原部队急进高原后执行应急任务的急性高原病(AMS)防治措施。方法:3批从平原(海拔500 m)乘飞机进入高原(海拔3 680、4 300 m)的11名研究对象,年龄28～55岁,男性8名,女性3名,除1名女性外,其余均有高原短暂生活史。在进入高原后,立即开展轻度劳动强度以下的工作。在他们进入高原后的前3 d,每晚逐日进行高原反应症状调查和评分,并观察他们的工作完成情况。结果:5人出现轻度高原反应症状,评分2～4分,未发生AMS;其余6人未出现高原反应症状。11人均圆满完成预期工作任务,未发生其他异常反应。结论:平原人急进高原后,对AMS的预防不应局限在"静态"的防治措施上,有医学保护的前提下,可以立即开展轻度劳动强度以下的工作。     

高原低氧环境与动脉顺应性的相关性研究

(胡全忠 ,等 .中国循环杂志 ,2 0 0 4 ,19(2 ) :10 3)　　高原习服现象是高原医学研究的热点之一。本文依据跟踪随访平原至高原这一过程 ,对习服过程中动脉弹性功能的变化进行分析及探讨。作者选择平原地区健康男性 38例为试验组。年龄 30岁～ 5 1岁 ,平均 (40 .97± 6 .79)岁 ,体重指数(2 3.80± 3.0 3)kg/m2 。世居藏族健康男性 2 9例作为对照组 ,年龄 2 7岁～ 5 3岁 ,平均 (39.17± 6 .16 )岁。体重指数 (2 2 .77±3.5 6 )kg/m2 。采用美国Pulsemetric公司的肱动脉无创性动脉弹性测定仪测量血压及肱动脉脉搏波形。同期检测血红蛋白含量…     

间歇性缺氧模似高原训练对小鼠骨骼肌乳酸代谢的影响

为了观察小鼠骨骼肌乳酸代谢在模拟高原训练返回平原后的变化趋势 ,对高原训练影响机体运动能力的机理进行初步研究 ,作者将雄性小鼠随机分组后 ,在低氧舱内 (海拔 2 30 0ｍ± 50ｍ)进行游泳训练 ,测试各试验组的血乳酸 (ＢＬａ)和肌乳酸 (ＭＬａ)值 ,结果为①模拟高原训练 4周后小鼠骨骼肌乳酸代谢明显改善 ,表现为以相同强度运动时 ,高原的乳酸值 (ＭＬａ为 4 5.2± 2 .9ｍＭ/ｋｇ.ｗｗ ,ＢＬａ为 7.12 5± 1.4 85ｍＭ/Ｌ)明显高于平原 (ＭＬａ为 32 .7± 3.2ｍＭ/ｋｇ .ｗｗ ,ＢＬａ3.4 88± 1.0 38ｍＭ/Ｌ) ;②高原训练后乳酸浓度 (ＭＬ…     

急性高原病的研究进展

人员从平原快速进驻到高原可导致一系列与高海拔相关的疾病。急性高原病(acute mountain sickness,AMS)一般是良性和自限性的,但是部分人群会发生高原性肺水肿或高原性脑水肿,引起生命危险。该文重点综述AMS诊断、预测因素、预防及治疗方面的最新研究进展。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.