对初次献血者进行强化心理干预在减少其献血反应方面的效果分析

目的:分析对初次献血者进行强化心理护理干预在减少其献血反应方面的效果。方法:对2012年6月至2013年6月在本站献血的1624例初次献血者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,将其随机分为对照组(814例)和观察组(810例),为对照组献血者进行常规献血护理,为观察组献血者在进行常规献血护理的基础上强化心理护理干预,并对比分析两组患者在献血后发生献血反应的几率。结果:观察组献血者发生献血反应的几率为1.60%,对照组献血者发生献血反应的几率为5.16%。观察组献血者献血反应的发生率明显低于对照组献血者,差异显著(P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论:为初次献血者进行有效的心理干预能显著缓解其紧张的情绪,降低其发生献血反应等不良反应的几率,此法值得在无偿献血活动中推广应用。     

心理护理干预对减少初次献血者献血反应作用的探讨

初次献血者因对献血知识缺乏了解,易出现紧张、恐惧、焦虑等不良情绪,且可能会发生献血反应[1]。心理护理干预能够减轻初次献血者的不良情绪,进而减少献血反应。本文探讨心理护理干预对减少初次献血者献血反应的作用,报告如下。1临床资料选择2014年4-6月在我站献血的初次献血者960例为观察对象,献血者均符合国家（GB18467）标准。     

献血反应的心理因素分析

在我们的生活中，无偿献血已成为每个健康适龄公民应尽的义务，由于人们对无偿献血认识程度不同及一些客观原因的存在，在献血时常常会出现一些不同程度的献血反应，给无偿献血工作的持续稳定发展带来一定的负面影响。心理因素是发生献血不良反应的重要因素，多见于初次献血者，初次献血者恐惧心理的产生大部分是因为对献血知识及献血过程不够了解，献血者的恐惧心理不但会影响献血者的情绪，而且会引起献血反应而使采血中断。因此，在献血过程中，运用心理学分析献血者出现献血反应的诱因及心理变化，采取相应的心理护理至关重要。笔者就此分析导致献血者不良反应的心理因素、探讨其相应的护理，并加以分析。[第一段]     

黄南地区193例初次无偿献血者的心理分析及护理

目的：通过对初次无偿献血者的心理护理,稳定献血者情绪,降低或减少献血不良反应的发生,提高无偿献血者的献血积极性。方法：对193例初次无偿献血者的统计分析,针对不同的心理状态,有针对性的给予适时适当的心理护理。结果：通过实施心理护理一定程度上消除了献血者心理障碍,降低了因紧张等诱发的献血不良反应,保证了献血者身心健康。结论：心理护理是完成无偿献血的关键,是确保献血者身心健康和提高护理质量的有力保证,尤其对初次无偿献血者更有必要。     

心理干预及健康教育对初次献血者献血反应的影响

目的探讨心理干预及健康教育对初次献血者献血反应的影响。方法选取2015年9月～2016年9月到单位采血点初次献血者7836例为研究对象,其中3918例为对照组,给予常规护理干预;3918例为观察组,在对照组的基础上加强心理干预及健康教育。比较两组初次献血者干预前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及献血后不良反应发生率和献血者的满意度评分。结果干预前,两组献血者SAS、SDS评分的差异无统计学意义(t=1.534、1.374,P0.05),干预后,观察组献血者SAS评分、SDS评分明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=28.968、37.476,P0.05);观察组献血反应发生率为1.3%,低于对照组的5.1%,差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=92.252,P0.05)。观察组在信息需求、人文关怀、服务态度、隐私保护方面的护理满意度评分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.240、3.555、3.210、3.946,P0.05)。结论对于初次献血者,给予一定的健康教育和针对性的心理干预,可减轻其焦虑的心理情绪,减少献血后的不良反应,促进无偿献血工作的开展。     

无偿献血者献血反应的心理因素分析与护理对策

心理因素是发生献血不良反应的重要因素，多见于初次献血者。初次献血者恐惧心理的产生大部分是因为对献血知识及献血过程不够了解，献血者的恐惧心理不但会影响献血者的情绪，而且会引起献血反应而使采血中断。因此，在献血过程中，运用心理学分析献血者出现献血反应的诱因及心理变化，采取相应的心理护理至关重要。本文就此分析导致献血者不良反应的心理因素并探讨其相应的护理对策。     

系统性护理干预对初次捐献机采血小板献血者不良心理及献血反应的影响

目的:探讨系统性护理干预措施对初次捐献机采血小板献血者不良心理及献血反应的影响。方法:将初次捐献机采血小板献血者按编号顺序随机分为2组,每组90例。单号为对照组,采用常规献血护理,双号为干预组,采用护理干预。观察2组献血者的不良心理及献血反应的发生情况。结果:干预组献血者的不良心理总发生率5.56%,不良献血反应总发生率3.33%,均明显低于对照组的18.89%和17.78%(P<0.01)。结论:对初次捐献机采血小板献血者采用系统性护理干预措施,可有效缓解、消除献血者的不良心理情绪,减少献血不良反应的发生。     

初次献血不良反应的干预措施

<正>随着我国无偿献血这十年来长足的进步,越来越多的健康公民积极参加到无偿献血者的队伍中。在初次献血者满怀热情的走进血站、献血屋、流动采血车时,往往是因为没有献血经验、怕疼痛、怕献血后影响健康等而难免会产生紧张感和恐惧心理,而这种恐惧心理会影响初次献血者的情绪,继而引发献血反应,中断采血。笔者结合初次献血者的心理特征,分析导致其不良反应的心理因素,并探讨减少献血不良反应的相应对策,针对不同的个体,进行相应的沟通和心理干预,对     

浅谈对无偿献血者的心理护理

目的分析心理护理在无偿献血中的作用。方法通过严密观察，根据献血反应判断标准对献血者出现献血反应，进行对症处理和必要的心理护理。结果心理护理直接影响献血者的情绪及血液质量。结论针对性心理护理可以减少或有效处置献血反应，保护献血者，使他们建立信心，再次参加无偿献血。     

强化心理护理在减少初次献血者献血反应中的应用

目的:探讨强化心理护理干预对减少初次献血者献血反应的影响。方法:选取在我站接受献血的136例初次献血者为研究对象,随机分为常规组(n=68)和实验组(n=68),常规组实施献血的常规护理措施,实验组在常规护理的基础上加强心理护理干预,比较两组献血反应发生情况。结果:实验组献血反应发生率为8.82%,明显低于常规组22.06%,差异具有统计学意义(p0.05);实验组护理满意度明显优于常规组(p0.05)。结论:强化心理护理干预可有效缓解初次献血者的紧张情绪,预防献血反应发生,提高护理服务质量,值得推广。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.