单管等位基因特异性扩增法同时测定多重单核苷酸多态性

目的:建立了一种单管等位基因特异性扩增法同时测定多重单核苷酸多态性(SNP).方法:以TYP基因外显子1上的3个SNP位点(71G>A、425A>T和758G>A)为例,首先采用PCR预扩增得一段含所有待测SNP位点的长片段;然后用限制性内切酶将其消化成短片段,在连接酶的作用下与设计的DNA适配器相连;以此连接产物为模板,在单个PCR管中加入一种适配器特异性通用引物和所有等位基因特异性引物进行PCR扩增;最后用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法分离检测PCR扩增产物,并根据扩增片段的大小判断SNP的类型.结果:采用该法成功测定了30名健康中国人的TYP基因中的3个SNP位点,与限制性片段长度多态性法(RFLP)测定结果完全一致.结论:该方法特异性高、结果准确、检测成本低,可用于同时测定多个SNP位点.     

微卫星DNA标记在近交系大鼠HFJ和MIJ遗传监测中的应用

目的用24对引物对近交系HFJ和MIJ大鼠的微卫星位点进行多态性分析,并选用近交系Lewis和F344大鼠作为对照,进行比较分析。方法用传统的酚-氯仿法分别提取4个近交系大鼠MIJ 、HFJ、Lewis和F344的基因组DNA,选取大鼠24个微卫星位点,通过PCR扩增,扩增产物经过非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染,根据电泳结果,比较分析4种品系近交系大鼠之间微卫星多态性。结果4种品系及品系内不同个体的近交系大鼠在24个微卫星位点上的扩增产物均出现一个条带,MIJ和HFJ大鼠在品系间和品系内均表现为单态性,同Lewis和F344的扩增结果比较,14个位点显示多态性,有10个位点显示单态性。结论两个近交系大鼠品系MIJ和HFJ符合近交系要求,筛选出的14个多态性微卫星位点可用于有关近交系大鼠的遗传背景监测。     

毛细管电泳法检测肝细胞癌微卫星基因表型的影响因素

目的：分析影响肝细胞癌微卫星—自动毛细管电泳检测结果的技术因素。方法：应用MegaBACE500毛细管电泳测序仪对一组高度多态性微卫星PCR扩增产物进行电泳，应用Genetic Profiler软件进行基因表型分型，比较PCR扩增产物在不同处理条件下对基因分型的影响。结果：PCR反应体系残留混合物(dNTP、引物和盐离子的浓度等)对基因分型的结果有明显的影响，当PCR体系中益离子和DNA的浓度比＞10000：1时可使等位基因片段分析系统评分出现偏差而导致结论错误，基因组DNA—PCR样品浓度在50ng/μl时较为合适。结论：毛细管电泳测序体系中PCR反应体系残留混合物的浓度是影响基因分型结果的一个重要因素。     

应用荧光标记基因分型对中国汉族人群进行遗传多态性研究

目的 :为了确定我国汉族人群遗传多态性片段大小范围与法国人群的差异 ,更好的进行基因组扫描和个体识别等方面研究。方法 :4 0 0个微卫星位点分别在 32个反应管中进行扩增。在 5 μl反应体系中加 6～ 17对PCR引物 ,多个微卫星位点同时扩增 ,产物在ABI377XLDNA测序仪上进行电泳。结果 :4 0 0个微卫星位点共有 30 6个有满意的结果 ,其中 12 4个微卫星位点与法国CEPH家系存在片段范围的差异。结论 :遗传多态性片段大小范围在种族间存在较大差异 ;在对中国汉族人群进行基因分型时 ,应在Genethon提供的范围基础上向两侧各扩大 10bp。     

筛选适用于小型猪遗传检测的微卫星位点

目的 筛选用于封闭群小型猪遗传检测的微卫星位点.方法 从资料和GenBank中选取扩增效果好、等位基因多、均匀分布于小型猪18条常染色体和X染色体上的100个微卫星位点,合成引物,对封闭群小型猪基因组进行PCR扩增及条件优化.PCR产物采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和STR扫描技术进行分析和比较,选择多态性好的位点.结果 筛选出32个分布于不同染色体且等位基因多的微卫星位点.结论 筛选出了应用于封闭群小型猪遗传检测的微卫星位点.     

一种从口腔拭子中提取DNA的简易方法

目的应用简便方法提取口腔拭子中DNA,并用特异引物扩增,评估该方法的应用价值。方法用1×PCR缓冲液、MgCl2及蛋白酶K混合裂解液在PCR仪上对口腔拭子进行消化,并以该产物为模板,应用角蛋白5基因1号外显子及1号染色体上2个微卫星标记特异性引物扩增,目的片段分别用于测序和毛细管电泳。结果通过上述方法可获得用于PCR反应及后续基因测序及微卫星标记毛细管电泳分型的足量DNA。结论利用PCR缓冲液、MgCl2及蛋白酶K混合裂解液从口腔拭子中提取DNA是一种简单、高效、快速、低成本的方法,更是一种无创的采样方法。     

用cox1基因片段的PCR鉴别亚洲带绦虫和牛带绦虫

目的：用cox1基因片段的PCR技术对亚洲带绦虫和牛带绦虫的快速鉴别。方法：用亚洲带绦虫和牛带绦虫线粒体cox1基因片段的特异性引物以及带绦虫cox1基因片段的通用引物,对贵州省都匀地区和从江地区的带绦虫虫卵和节片DNA进行常规PCR扩增,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测和核酸序列测定,并用NC-BI Blast对扩增产物的核酸序列与NCBI数据库中带绦虫的cox1基因进行比对。结果：5株都匀带绦虫DNA样品经亚洲带绦虫cox1基因片段的特异性引物PCR,均扩增出约260 bp的产物,PCR产物的核酸序列与NCBI数据库中亚洲带绦虫线粒体cox1基因片段的同源性为100%;2株从江带绦虫的DNA样品用亚洲带绦虫特异性引物和牛带绦虫特异性引物的PCR均未见扩增产物,而通用引物PCR则扩增出约1 000 bp的产物,核酸序列与NCBI数据库中牛带绦虫线粒体cox1基因片段的同源性为99%,在牛带绦虫特异性引物的结合位点存在一个碱基差异。结论：常规PCR扩增特异性的cox1基因片段可快速鉴定亚洲带绦虫;从江牛带绦虫株的cox1基因特异性片段部分存在变异,导致与特异性引物结合能力的差异,可采用cox1基因通用引物PCR结合测序进行鉴定。     

双重PCR-毛细管电泳法快速检测大豆中转基因成分

目的　建立抗草甘膦转基因大豆的快速检测方法。方法　针对转基因大豆基因组中被导入的 35 S启动子、NOS终止子和 CP4 - EPSPS抗草甘膦基因等外源基因 ,自行设计了两对引物 ,采用双重 PCR同时扩增上述基因 ,用 8g/L羟丙基甲基纤维素为筛分介质 ,在 5 0 cm× 10 0μm i.d.涂壁毛细管中 ,于 - 10 k V电压下用激光诱导荧光 -毛细管电泳检测转基因大豆的 PCR扩增产物。结果　在优化的 PCR反应和毛细管电泳条件下 ,本法可以同时检测出转基因大豆样品中三种外源基因 ,双重 PCR扩增产物经测序证实与原基因序列完全一致 ,表明本研究设计的引物合理 ,扩增结果可靠。毛细管电泳进样量仅需 5 nl,分析时间为 2 4 min,迁移时间的相对标准偏差≤ 3.2 %。结论　本方法较常规琼脂糖凝胶电泳特异性高 ,分析时间短 ,重现性好 ,检测灵敏 ,适合于大豆中转基因成分的快速检测     

实时荧光PCR和普通PCR方法检测病原微生物的灵敏度比较

目的探讨实时荧光PCR和普通PCR方法检测病原微生物的灵敏度。方法通过制备标准样品,确定实时荧光PCR和普通PCR检测技术的扩增条件,采用目的基因片段设计相应的引物,扩增菌体裂解液上清。聚合酶链反应的产物采用扩增曲线与琼脂糖电泳进行检测,分析两种检测方法的灵敏度。结果普通PCR检测技术的灵敏度低于实时荧光PCR检测技术。结论相比普通PCR检测技术,实时荧光PCR检测技术具有较高的灵敏度。     

豚鼠基因组26个多态性微卫星标记的筛选

目的：筛选豚鼠基因组的多态性微卫星标记，为豚鼠遗传质量控制及基因定位等工作奠定基础。方法：采用磁珠富集法和豚鼠基因组数据库筛选法获取微卫星位点序列，通过分析和初步筛选，挑选部分候选位点，根据其序列设计引物，对5种不同来源的豚鼠基因组DNA标本进行PCR扩增，以期获得多态性分子标记。结果：本实验采用磁珠法共获得微卫星序列304个，设计引物125对，最终获得多态性位点1个，暂未发现多态性的特异性位点17个；用数据库筛选法共获得微卫星序列292个，设计并合成相应引物178对，最终发现多态性位点25个，暂未发现多态性的特异性位点28个。结论：本实验共获得26个多态性微卫星标记，45个潜在的候选标记，为微卫星标记在豚鼠遗传质量监测及突变基因定位等工作的应用奠定了基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.