腺性膀胱炎大鼠模型建立的实验研究

目的：探究雌性大鼠腺性膀胱炎模型制备方法。方法选取雌性大鼠50只,其中42只建立腺型膀胱炎动物模型,随机分为大肠埃希菌灌注组(34只)、生理盐水灌注组(8只),另外8只不做任何处理,作为空白对照组。同等条件饲养下,50 d后处死各组大鼠,切取膀胱标本进行病理学检查。结果3组大鼠在体重变化及死亡率的比较上,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);大肠埃希菌组33例大鼠感染腺性膀胱炎,感染率97.0%,与空白组和生理盐水组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);大肠埃希菌组大鼠膀胱标本常规病理切片、透射电镜均证实为腺性膀胱炎。结论大鼠膀胱灌注大肠埃希菌可导致腺性膀胱炎,其病理表现与人类腺性膀胱炎具有相似性,可据此制作腺性膀胱炎动物模型。     

大鼠腺性膀胱炎的病因学研究

目的 探讨腺性膀胱炎的致病因素.方法 将 60 只 SD 雌性大鼠随机分成 A、B、C 3 组.A组采用(108～109 CFU/100μl)DH5α大肠埃希菌溶液.每隔 2 d 灌注雌性 SD 大鼠膀胱以诱导产生腺性膀胱炎;B组以人泌尿结石粉末生理盐水混悬液每隔 2 d 灌注膀胱;C 组行下尿路梗阻术,B 组和 C 组饮水中加入抗生素饲养.45 d 后收集膀胱标本进行病理学检查.结果 A 组膀胱标本的腺性膀胱炎发生率显著高于 B 组及 C 组(均P<0.01);B 组与 C 组腺性膀胱炎发生率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论 大肠埃希菌的慢性感染是导致腺性膀胱炎的主要病因.     

大鼠腺性膀胱炎的模型建立及尿流动力学检查

目的 研究一种发病机制、病理改变与临床相似的S D大鼠腺性膀胱炎模型制备方法与技术,并同时探讨腺性膀胱炎的致病因素.方法 将90只S D雌性大鼠随机分成A、B、C、D、E5组.45d后行尿流动力学检查,随后收集膀胱标本进行病理学检查.结果 A组S D大鼠尿流动力学检查提示储尿期膀胱逼尿肌不稳定,与B、C、D、E组相比有显著的差异(P<0.001).A组膀胱标本的腺性膀胱炎发生率显著高于B、C、D、E组(P<0.001);B、C、D、E组腺性膀胱炎发生率差异没有显著性意义(P>0.05).结论 使用大肠杆菌多次膀胱灌注雌性S D大鼠能诱导产生的腺性膀胱炎动物模型,尿流动力学检查可以作为评估腺性膀胱炎机能学改变的方法之一.     

大肠杆菌致兔慢性输卵管炎症模型的建立

目的 利用大肠埃希氏菌建立新西兰兔输卵管慢性炎症模型。 方法 制备3?09/ml的混合菌液（大肠埃希氏菌：金葡菌：链球菌按2:1:1体积混合）和3?08/ml大肠埃希氏菌混悬液。18只新西兰雌兔随机分三组,其中正常组2只、混合菌液实验组8只、大肠埃希氏菌液实验组8只。通过经阴道宫腔插管灌注术分别将混合菌液和大肠埃希氏菌液注入两组实验兔体内。于菌液宫腔灌注术后第5、10、15、20天观察大体标本及光镜下输卵管炎症形成情况。结果 混合菌液组和大肠埃希氏菌液组兔均于灌注术第15天呈慢性输卵管炎症改变。 结论 两种建模方法均具有接近人体感染途径、成模率高、操作简便的优点,是建立输卵管慢性炎症动物模型的有效方法。     

钩藤碱治疗膀胱过度活动的实验研究

目的:探讨钩藤碱对膀胱过度活动(overactive bladder,OAB)的治疗作用。方法:将60只SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组15只。假手术组不予任何处理;OAB组:给予手术处理,制备大鼠OAB模型;钩藤碱干预组:对OAB大鼠给予腹腔注射钩藤碱(5 ml.kg-1);生理盐水干预组:对OAB大鼠给予腹腔注射生理盐水(5 ml.kg-1)。各组分别进行尿流动力学检测和逼尿肌肌条的电生理学指标测定。结果:与OAB组和生理盐水干预组对比,钩藤碱干预组膀胱最大容量、膀胱充盈压和漏尿点压减小,收缩频率和动力指数(MI)降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:钩藤碱对OAB有治疗作用。     

马归液对腺性膀胱炎大鼠膀胱组织Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的：通过观察马归液对腺性膀胱炎大鼠模型膀胱组织的影响,为运用马归液治疗腺性膀胱炎提供实验基础和理论依据。方法首先通过对大鼠膀胱灌注大肠埃希菌成功建立腺性膀胱炎大鼠模型,然后对造模成功的大鼠分别灌注马归液第1组为1次/周;马归液第2组为2次/周、吡柔比星、生理盐水8周,再对各组大鼠膀胱组织进行病理学检查、透射电镜检测和Bcl-2、Bax 基因表达检测,以观察各组大鼠膀胱黏膜组织结构的变化。结果经马归液灌注,马归液1组、马归液2组病理学检查显示膀胱组织正常无炎性病变; Bax、 Bcl-2灰度均值比较,马归液2组、马归液1组的灰度均值与生理盐水组比较,均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,马归液2组与马归液1组比较,无统计学意义（P>0.05）;Bcl-2/Bax 中,马归液1组、马归液2组分别与吡柔比星组、生理盐水组组间比较中均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,马归液2组与马归液1组比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论马归液对大鼠腺性膀胱炎膀胱黏膜有明显治疗效果,具有修复作用,且一周灌注两次疗效最佳。     

慢性前列腺炎大鼠造模研究

目的：探讨大鼠慢性细菌性前列腺炎模型制备方法。方法：采用消痔灵和大肠埃希菌局部注射SD（Sprague-Dawley）雄性大鼠前列腺,然后分别进行前列腺组织的病原菌分离培养及组织病理学检查。结果：正常前列腺组大鼠的前列腺组织无改变,不能检出任何细菌;CBP动物的前列腺组织表现出明显的炎症细胞浸润、纤维组织增生的慢性炎症病理组织学特征,可检出大量大肠埃希菌。结论：消痔灵、大肠埃希菌可以成功制备大鼠慢性细菌性前列腺炎。     

豚鼠腺性膀胱炎模型的建立及尿流动力学的检查

目的探讨豚鼠腺性膀胱炎动物模型的建立方法及尿流动力学检查方法。方法将28只雌性豚鼠分三组：正常对照组、生理盐水对照组和造模组。用膀胱内灌注大肠杆菌的方法制作腺性膀胱炎动物模型,7周后行尿流动力学检查及病理检测。结果尿流动力学检查发现造模组豚鼠储尿期逼尿肌不稳定发生率较正常对照组及生理盐水对照组显著增多（P〈0.001）;正常对照组无腺性膀胱炎病变,生理盐水对照组出现腺性膀胱炎1例,造模组出现7例,造模组与另外两组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,正常对照组与生理盐水对照组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论膀胱内灌注大肠杆菌可导致腺性膀胱炎,这证实了细菌感染是腺性膀胱炎的病因之一,同时为临床上的抗感染治疗提供了理论依据。此方法可用于建立腺性膀胱炎的动物模型。同时确立了腺性膀胱炎动物模型尿流动力学检查方法。     

灯盏花素治疗OAB的新前景

目的探讨灯盏花素对膀胱过度活动(overactive bladder,OAB)的治疗作用效果。方法将SD大鼠随机分为四组,正常组,OAB组,灯盏花素(Breviscapine)干预组,生理盐水干预组。各组进行尿流动力学检测和逼尿肌肌条的电生理指标的测定,两两比较,进行统计学处理。结果与OAB组和生理盐水干预组相比,灯盏花素干预组尿流动力学检测指标如:膀胱最大容量、膀胱充盈压和漏尿点压减小,其逼尿肌条收缩曲线变得规律稳定,电生理指标收缩频率和动力指数(MI)降低,差异有统计学意义(p0.01)。结论灯盏花素对OAB具有显著的治疗作用。     

大肠埃希菌致兔慢性输卵管炎症模型的建立

目的利用大肠埃希菌建立新西兰兔输卵管慢性炎症模型。方法制备3×109/m L的混合菌液(大肠埃希菌:金葡菌:链球菌按2∶1∶1体积混合)和3×108/m L大肠埃希菌混悬液。18只新西兰雌兔随机分三组,其中正常组2只、混合菌液实验组8只、大肠埃希菌液实验组8只。通过经阴道宫腔插管灌注术分别将混合菌液和大肠埃希菌液注入两组实验兔体内。于菌液宫腔灌注术后第5、10、15、20天观察大体标本及光镜下输卵管炎症形成情况。结果混合菌液组和大肠埃希菌液组兔均于灌注术第15天呈慢性输卵管炎症改变。结论两种建模方法均具有接近人体感染途径、成模率高、操作简便的优点,是建立输卵管慢性炎症动物模型的有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.