不同修饰的反义寡核苷酸体外抗乙型肝炎病毒效果的比较

为研究应用锁核酸(locked nucleic acid,LNA)抗HBV的作用,我们设计针对HBV S基因的反义寡核苷酸,分别经过LNA、硫代反义寡核苷酸(phosphorothioate antisenseoligodeoxy nucleotide,PS-ODN)修饰,以阳离子脂质体为载体介导转染HepG2.2.15细胞,比较它们对细胞表达HBsAg、HBeAg和复制HBV DNA的影响.     

HBV preS1反基因锁核酸的设计及体外对病毒复制的抑制

目的:探讨针对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis Bvirus,HBV)preS1 dsDNA同聚嘌呤区设计反基因锁核酸分子,并观察其在HepG2 2.2.15细胞内抑制病毒复制的效果.方法:针对HBVpreS1 dsDNA的2941-2962 nt、3 015-3 036 nt和3 089-3 110 nt三个同聚嘌呤区,利用RNA structure软件分别设计合成锁核酸、硫代寡核苷酸、未修饰寡核苷酸及无关对照序列,以阳离子脂质体介导转染HepG22.2.15细胞,采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应技术(FQ-PCR)和时间分辨免疫荧光技术(TRFIA)分别监测1、3、5和7 d细胞培养上清液中HBV DNA和HBsAg的含量;四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测锁核酸对细胞代谢的影响.结果:反基因锁核酸对细胞内的HBV DNA复制与HBsAg表达有明显的抑制作用,且抑制率随时间呈增高趋势,7 d后抑制率分别为64.32%和67.51%.各实验组与对照组比较差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而封闭2 941-2 962 nt同聚嘌呤靶区的LNA抑制作用最强,且最适序列长度为20-30 bp.LNA对细胞代谢无明显影响.结论:针对preS1 dsDNA同聚嘌呤区的反基因锁核酸分子,体外能有效抑制HBV的复制,以封闭2 941-2 962 nt靶位效果最强,且合适序列长度为20-30 bp.     

针对HBV S基因mRNA反义锁核酸设计及其在2.2.15细胞内的抗病毒作用

目的:探讨针对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)S 基因翻译起始区反义锁核酸(LNA) 片段在HepG22.2.15 细胞内抗病毒效果及有效LNA 序列筛选. 方法:设计合成互补于HBV S 基因mRNA 翻译起始区同一位点的4条不同序列长度LNA 片段及无关对照序列,以阳离子脂质体介导,作用于HepG22.2.15 细胞,采用ELISA 法和FQPCR 法分别监测24 、48 和72 h 细胞培养上清液中HBsAg 和HBV DNA 的含量;MTT 法检测LNA 对细胞代谢的影响. 结果:4条不同序列长度(10 、15 、20 及25 个碱基)的反义LNA 对HBsAg 的表达和HBV DNA 的复制均有显著性抑制作用,72h 后的抑制率分别为46.58% 、54.38% 、72.43% 、69.92% 及27.09% 、28.77% 、34.71% 、32.68%,且抑制率随时间呈增高趋势. LNA 对细胞代谢无明显影响. 结论:针对HBV S 基因mRNA 翻译起始区的反义LNA 短序列体外能显著抑制HBV 基因的表达,且抑制作用最强的序列长度应在15-25 个碱基之间.     

反义锁核酸与拉米夫定在HepG2.2.15细胞中抗HBV作用的比较

目的:应用反义锁核酸与拉米夫定作用HepG2.2.15细胞,对他们抗乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)效果进行比较.方法:设计针对HBV翻译起始区S基因mRNA的反义寡核苷酸,并进行锁核酸修饰,以阳离子脂质体介导反义锁核酸转染HepG2.2.15细胞;拉米夫定组直接作用HepG2.2.15细胞;分别于用药后第2、4、6、8、10天收集细胞培养上清液.用ELISA法和FQ-PCR法检测收集上清液HBsAg、HBeAg和HBVDNA的含量.MTT法分别检测反义锁核酸与拉米夫定对细胞存活率的影响.结果:拉米夫定对HBVDNA具有明显抑制作用,最高可达46.52%,但对HBsAg、HBeAg影响较小;反义锁核酸对HBsAg、HBeAg及HBVDNA均有较强抑制作用,对HBsAg、HBeAg和HBVDNA的最高抑制率分别达67.69%、59.71%和62.96%(P<0.05),且抑制随时间呈增高趋势.反义锁核酸与拉米夫定对细胞代谢均无明显影响.结论:反义锁核酸抗HBV作用机制与拉米夫定不同,反义锁核酸抗HBV作用明显优于拉米夫定.     

HBV S基因的反义锁核酸对乙型肝炎转基因小鼠HBV复制和表达的影响

目的: 探讨乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)S基因的反义锁核酸(LNA)对乙型肝炎转基因小鼠HBV复制和表达的影响.方法: 将30只HBV转基因小鼠随机分为5组,每组6只. 第1组为5% GLU液对照组, 第2组为空脂质体对照组, 第3组为单LNA组, 第4组为S-ASODN脂质体组, 第5组LNA脂质体组. 反义LNA经尾静脉注入小鼠体内, 采用ELISA法检测血清HBsAg;PCR定量检测血清HBV DNA含量;免疫组织化学法检测肝细胞HBsAg的表达;自动生化分析仪检测ALB、ALT、BUN、CR、ApoA1、ApoB等指标;小鼠肝脏、肾脏做常规病理切片HE染色, 观察反义LNA对小鼠脏器的影响.结果: 注射反义LNA 1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d后,LNA-脂质体组对血清HBsAg的表达抑制率分别为41.7%、52.8%、57.8%及30.5%. 对HBV DNA的抑制率分别为18.5%、36.1%、52.9%和32.7%, 与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P <0.05);全自动生化分析仪检测血清中ALB、ALT、BUN、CR、ApoA1、ApoB等指标, 各组结果与对照组比较均无显著性差异(P >0.05);小鼠肝细胞HBsAg的表达显著低于对照组. HE染色显示小鼠肝肾功能及组织学未见异常.结论: HBV S基因反义LNA对乙型肝炎病毒转基因鼠HBV复制和表达有显著抑制作用.     

乙型肝炎病毒S/C基因位点反义锁核酸在小鼠体内抗病毒疗效研究

目的 探讨针对HBV S/C双基因位点反义锁核酸对乙型肝炎转基因小鼠HBV复制和表达的影响.方法 将30只HBV转基因小鼠随机分为5组,每组6只.分别为5%葡萄糖液对照组、空脂质体对照组、单靶区S组,单靶区C组、双靶区SC组.反义锁核酸片段经尾静脉注入小鼠体内,采用时间分辨免疫荧光技术定量检测血清HBsAg;实时荧光聚合酶链反应定量检测血清HBV DNA含量;逆转录聚合酶链反应检测肝组织HBV C-mRNA的表达;免疫组织化学法检测肝细胞HBsAg、HBcAg的表达,自动牛物化学分析仪检测血清白蛋白、ALT、尿素氮、肌酐;小鼠肝,肾脏做常规病理切片,观察反义锁核酸对小鼠脏器的影响.应用SPSS12.0统计学软件分析.各组问比较采用重复测量方差分析的SNK检验和Kruskal Wallis H检验. 结果注射锁核酸后,对HBsAg的表达均显示有较强的抑制作用,单靶区S组,单靶区C组和双靶区SC组的平均抑制率分别为36.6%、31.5%和54.9%;对HBV DNA的复制也有抑制作用,平均抑制率分别为24.0%,21.1%和35.8%.注射后1、3、5 d,HBsAg的平均抑制率分别为14.4%、25.6%和31.3%;HBVDNA的平均抑制率分别为11.0%、19.2%和24.1%;血清中白蛋白、ALT、尿素氮、肌酐等指标,各组结果与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义;小鼠肝细胞的HBsAg、HBcAg阳性细胞数均较对照组明显减少.小鼠肝,肾脏组织学表现未见异常. 结论 HBV S/C基因位点反义锁核酸对乙型肝炎病毒转基冈鼠HBV复制和表达有显著抑制作用,且双基因靶位优于单基因靶位.     

HBV S编码链的反基因锁核酸对转基因小鼠体内病毒复制与表达的影响

目的探讨针对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)S编码链的反基因锁核酸(anti-genelocked nucleic acid,Anti-G-LNA)在转基因小鼠体内的抗病毒效果.方法将30只HBV转基因小鼠随机分为5组(n=6),分别为空白对照组(Control)(5%GLU+脂质体)、无关序列对照组(USQ)、拉米夫定对照组(LAM)、反义锁核酸对照组(Anti-SLNA)、反基因锁核酸组(Anti-G-LNA).拉米夫定组用灌胃法;锁核酸经尾静脉注入小鼠体内.采用实时荧光定量PCR检测血清乙型肝炎病毒脱氧核糖核酸(HBV DNA);酶联免疫法检测血清乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg);逆转录PCR检测肝脏乙型肝炎病毒S基因mRNA(HBV S mRNA)水平;免疫组织化学检测肝细胞HBsAg水平.结果治疗后的第3、5、7天,反基因锁核酸对HBV DNA抑制率分别为37.18%、50.27%、61.46%,HBsAg抑制率分别为30.17%、44.00%、57.76%,与给药前比较有统计学意义(P0.05),与各对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05).HBV S基因mRNA的相对表达量为0.33、肝细胞HBsAg阳性细胞率为31%,与对照组相比有统计学意义(P0.05);肝肾功能检查和组织HE染色未发现异常改变.结论针对HBV S编码链设计的反基因锁核酸在转基因小鼠体内具有较好的抗病毒效果,为HBV基因治疗提供理论依据和实验基础.     

LNAzyme设计及其体外特异性抑制丙型肝炎病毒C基因的表达

目的:探讨针对丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)C基因的锁核酸核酶对病毒RNA复制与表达的特异性抑制作用.方法:设计合成能切割HCV C基因位点的DNAzyme、硫代DNAzyme和LNAzyme.实验设对照组和实验组.对照组包括空白对照组、脂质体对照组和脂质体-无关LNAzyme对照组.实验组包括脂质体-DNAzyme、脂质体-硫代DNAzyme组和脂质体-LNAzyme组.以阳离子脂质体介导转染hepG2.9706细胞.采用荧光定量PCR和化学发光技术分别监测24、48、96 h细胞培养上清液中HCV RNA含量及荧光素酶基因表达;四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法监测细胞代谢.结果:加入药物后,脱氧核酶、硫代脱氧核酶及锁核酸核酶组对HCV RNA复制和荧光素酶基因表达的抑制作用均较对照组强(P<0.01),其中,锁核酸核酶的抑制作用均较脱氧核酶及硫代脱氧核酶明显(P<0.05),平均抑制率分别达47.55%和52.44%,且随用药时间延长,抑制率呈增高趋势,96 h后,HCV RNA复制和荧光蛋白表达的下降率均较用药前明显(P<0.01),其中,锁核酸核酶的抑制作用均较脱氧核酶及硫代脱氧核酶明显(P<0.05),平均下降率分别达79.40%和80.05%.而LNAzyme对细胞活性基本无影响.结论:LNAzyme能特异性抑制HCV C基因的复制与表达,且优于硫代修饰的DNAzyme.     

锁核酸核酶抑制丙型肝炎病毒5'非编码区内部核糖体进入位点的基因表达

锁核酸核酶(LNAzyme)是在脱氧核酶(DNAzyme)的两个结合臂上引入1个或多个锁核酸单体构建而成的新型核酸酶[1].锁核酸(LNA)是一种新型的带双环状结构的寡核苷酸衍生物,具有稳定性好、分子杂交能力强、抗核酸酶降解能力强和无毒性等优势[2-3].LNA的引入极大增加了LNAzyme与底物RNA的杂交亲和力,增强了切割反应的酶促活力,使LNAzyme较相应的DNAzyme切割效率明显提高.针对HBV S基因的反义LNA能有效抑制病毒的表达[4].本研究针对HCV 5'非编码区(NCR)内部核糖体进入位点(IPES)设计合成LNAzyme,以HepG2.9706为对象,观察LNAzyme对病毒复制与表达的抑制作用,旨在为丙型肝炎治疗寻找专一性强、高效的新型分子药物.     

RNA干扰对乙型肝炎病毒复制的体外影响

目的:通过一种能够在细胞内表达短发卡RNA的逆转录病毒载体来研究RNA干扰对乙型肝炎病毒复制的影响.方法:首先针对HBV基因组Pol基因RT区寻找RNAi的靶位,并设计相对应的寡核苷酸链.然后再将一对碱基配对寡核苷酸链退火后连接入载体形成重组的质粒,并进行鉴定.在Huh-7细胞中,将通过鉴定的干扰质粒与HBV复制型质粒pHBV3.8共转染,分别应用ELISA方法来检测HBV相关的抗原,应用Northern印迹检测HBV RNA,以及应用实时荧光定量PCR和Southern印迹检测HBV核心颗粒DNA.结果:研究通过计算机方法协助寻找了3条RNAi靶位,并且构建了相应的基于逆转录病毒载体的RNA干扰质粒154i、312i和734i.结果发现312i对pHBV3.8表达有明显的抑制,HBsAg和HBeAg分别为阴性对照组的39%和41%,差异均有显著性(P=0.001,P=0.000).定量荧光PCR结果显示312i组核心颗粒DNA水平显著低于阴性对照组(21.3%±1.1%vs 100.0%±10.6%,P=0.0046).Southern blot和Northern blot结果均显示,312i组病毒复制及mRNA转录水平最低(10.5%,12.0%).结论:在HBV基因组RT区找到了一个可用于RNAi的靶位,并且构建了相对应的干扰质粒,此质粒可成功地抑制HBV复制型质粒在细胞中的复制和表达.     

Polymyositis accompanying Coxsackie virus B2 infection

Summary A case of polymyositis in a 15 year old girl demonstrating the clinical course of an infectious disease is presented. The Coxsackie virus B2 was isolated from the stools, and serum antibodies were detected. Histologic examination of muscle showed signs of myositis. The patient was treated with cortisone and recovered completely. Possible viral etiology of the polymyositis is suggested.

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Polymyositis in Verbindung mit Coxsackie-Virus B2-Infektion

Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird der Fall eines 15jährigen Mädchens mit Polymyositis, in deren klinischem Verlauf eine infektiöse Erkrankung auftrat. Aus dem Stuhl wurde das Coxsackie-Virus B2 isoliert und Antikörper im Serum entdeckt. Die histologische Untersuchung von Muskelgewebe ergab Anzeichen der Myositis. Die Patientin wurde mit Kortison behandelt und genas vollständig. Die Möglichkeit einer viralen Ätiologie der Polymyositis wird angedeutet.

     

Interaction between hepatitis B virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has become a global pandemic and garnered international attention.The causative pathogen of COVID-19 is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),a novel,highly contagious coronavirus.Numerous studies have reported that liver injury is quite common in patients with COVID-19.Hepatitis B has a worldwide distribution as well as in China.At present,hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a leading cause of cirrhosis,liver failure,and hepatocellular carcinoma.Because both viruses challenge liver physiology,it raises questions as to how coinfection with HBV and SARS-CoV-2 affect disease progression and mortality.Is there an increased risk of COVID-19 in patients with HBV infection?In this review,we summarize the current reports of SARS-CoV-2 and HBV coinfection and elaborate the interaction of the two diseases.The emphasis was placed on evaluating the impact of HBV infection on disease severity and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and discussing the potential mechanism behind this effect.     

Hepatitis B virus taxonomy and hepatitis B virus genotypes

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a member of the hepadnavirus family. Hepadnaviruses can be found in both mammals (orthohepadnaviruses) and birds (avihepadnaviruses).The genetic variability of HBV is very high. There are eight genotypes of HBV and three clades of HBV isolates from apes that appear to be additional genotypes of HBV. Most genotypes are now divided into subgenotypes with distinct virological and epidemiological properties. In addition, recombination among HBV genotypes increases the variability of HBV. This review summarises current knowledge of the epidemiology of genetic variability in hepadnaviruses and, due to rapid progress in the field,updates several recent reviews on HBV genotypes and subgenotypes.     

Production of hepatitis B virus particles in Hep G2 cells transfected with cloned hepatitis B virus DNA.

The hepatoblastoma cell line Hep G2 was transfected with a plasmid carrying the gene that confers resistance to G418 and four 5'-3' tandem copies of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome positioned such that two dimers of the genomic DNA are 3'-3' with respect to one another. Cells of one clone that grew in the presence of G418 produce high levels of hepatitis B e antigen and of hepatitis B surface antigen. HBV DNA is carried by these cells as chromosomally integrated sequences and episomally as relaxed circular, covalently closed, and incomplete copies of the HBV genome. Viral DNA was detected also in conditioned growth medium at the buoyant densities characteristic for infectious Dane and immature core particles. Finally, HBV-specific components morphologically identical to the 22-nm spherical and filamentous hepatitis B surface antigen particles as well as 42-nm Dane particles were visualized by immunoelectron microscopic analysis. Therefore, we have demonstrated that the Hep G2 cell line can support the assembly and secretion not only of several of the replicative intermediates of HBV DNA but also of Dane-like particles. This in vitro system can now be used to study the life cycle of HBV and the reaction of immunocompetent cells with cells carrying HBV.     

Hepatitis B virus

Recent developments in molecular biology have advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of HBV-induced disease. New data derived from the molecular analysis of clinical material have begun to bridge the gap between bench research and the clinical arena. In this review, we consider topics that have relevance to clinical management and that have not been summarized in the recent literature. The recent advances that have been made in the areas of HBV variants,in vitro cell culture systems, and extrahepatic infection are discussed in greater detail.Supported by grants from the American College of Gastroenterology (B.Y.), Gulf Coast Regional Blood Center (C.N., B.Y.), and Schering Corporation (B.Y.).     

A novel presentation of Coxsackie B2 virus infection during pregnancy

A 39-year-old woman presented at 34 weeks gestation with a febrile illness. This initially settled but recurred 6 days later, when uncontrolled vaginal bleeding necessitated caesarian section. At operation, vesicles were seen on the mother's hyperaemic uterus. The infant developed tachypnoea, bradycardia, cerebral irritation, an enlarged liver and spleen, intravascular coagulation and a transient rash. Mother and child made a full recovery. Coxsackie B2 virus was isolated from the infant and rises in the titre of Coxsackie B virus-specific IgM were detected in mother and child.     

Th2优势应答与HBV慢性感染

目的探讨慢性HBV感染中Th1/Th2应答特征及其与乙肝病毒(HBV)侵犯外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的关系.方法研究对象为60例慢性HBV感染者. ELISA法检测患者PBMC体外植物血凝素(PHAP)刺激培养上清液中Th1类细胞因子(IL-2,IFN-γ)和Th2类细胞因子(IL-4,IL-10),套式多聚酶链反应(n-PCR)检测PBMC中HBV DNA. 统计学处理采用t检验、方差分析和卡方检验.结果 66.67%(40/60)的慢性HBV感染者PBMC中检出HBV DNA,其中9例血清HBV DNA阴性;慢性HBV感染者PBMC分泌Th1类细胞因子量明显低于正常对照,P＜0.01(pg/mL,IL-2:54.40±17.92 vs 74.53±17.73),Th2类细胞因子显著高于对照组,P＜0.01(pg/mL,IL-4:98.23±23.27 vs 29.57±11.36,IL-10:pg/mL,56.77±19.02 vs 25.30±8.87);PBMC中HBV DNA阳性组与阴性组比较,IL-2水平相对高,P＜0.01(pg/mL,64.40±23.73 vs 40.40±15.89),而IL-10相对低,P＜0.05(pg/mL,53.85±18.54 vs 64.60±19.11),且见PBMC中HBV DNA阳性血清ALT异常发生率(47.5%,19/40)显著高于阴性组(15.0%,3/20),P＜0.05.结论慢性HBV感染时,HBV侵犯PBMC为常见事件,血清HBV DNA消失后PBMC中仍可有HBV存在;Th2优势应答为慢性HBV感染的主要Th1/Th2应答,与感染慢性化有关;HBV侵犯PBMC可改变Th1/Th2应答,在Th2优势应答前提下,Th1应答相对升高,Th2应答相对降低,与肝细胞损伤加重有关.