Akin截骨联合第一跖骨基底楔形植骨治疗中重度足拇外翻

目的 观察远端软组织松解、Akin截骨联合第一跖骨基底开放截骨楔形植骨治疗中重度足拇外翻畸形的疗效.方法 对16例(24足)中重度足拇外翻患者行第一跖骨远端软组织松解、近节趾骨Akin截骨、第一跖骨基底内侧开放截骨后将Akin截骨楔形骨块植入并用克氏针固定.结果 第一、二跖间角由术前16°～20°矫正至术后8°～11°(平均矫正7.6°),足拇外翻角由术前37°～43°矫正至术后9°～15°(平均矫正21.2°),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).Maryland足功能评分结果显示,优18足,良5足,可1足,优良率为95.8％.结论 远端软组织松解、Akin截骨联合第一跖骨基底开放截骨楔形植骨治疗中重度足拇外翻畸形的疗效可靠.     

第一跖骨基底外侧楔形截骨治疗坶外翻

本文介绍了一种重度外翻矫形的手术术式。这一术式是根据外翻严重程度与第一跖骨内收畸形相对称的原理，在第一跖骨旁做一纵形切口，沿其基底部平行关节处外侧做一楔形截骨，内侧骨皮质予以保留，不做完全截断，以此为轴，纠正第一跖骨内收，从而外翻自动矫形。于跖关节侧关节内侧弧形切口内，将跖骨头内侧赘生骨切除，紧缩跖关节内侧关节囊，以纠正因长期外翻所致跖外侧关节囊挛缩的残留外翻畸形。通过Ｋｅｌｌｅｒ、ＭｃＢｒｉｄｅ及本术式三种方法８５足术后随访比较：本术式因截骨角度可以任意取舍，且无关节与骨性结构破坏，因而术后其跖骨角、外翻角、伸屈肌健弓弦状脱位、足外形等方面矫形效果确实、可靠，术后疼痛及功能改善亦明显优于Ｋｅｌｌｅｒ、ＭｃＢｒｉｄｅ术式。     

第一跖骨基底外侧楔形截骨治疗Mu外翻

本文介绍一种重度Ｍｕ外翻矫形的手术术式。这一术式是根据Ｍｕ外翻严重程度与第一跖骨内收畸形相对称的原理，在第一跖骨旁做一纵形切口，沿其基底部平行关节处外侧做一楔形截骨，内侧骨皮质予以保留，不做完全截断，以此为轴，纠正第一跖骨内收，从而Ｍｕ外翻自动矫形，于跖Ｍｕ关节侧关节内侧弧形切口内，将跖骨头内侧赘生骨切除，紧缩跖Ｍｕ关节内侧关节囊，以纠正因长期Ｍｕ外翻所致跖Ｍｕ外侧关节囊挛缩的残留外翻畸形。通过Ｋ     

微创法治疗拇外翻畸形

目的：应用微创技术治疗拇外翻畸形。方法：应用外科微动力工具经趾骨基底部切口截除骨赘,经第一跖骨头内侧骨赘最高点处梭形横切口在跖骨头基底部行跖骨头斜形截骨,将跖骨远端外推、下推,用2-0可吸收线收紧内侧关节囊,缝合、固定、包扎。结果：32例患者外形改善明显,行走时疼痛症状消失或偶有疼痛。结论：微创法矫正拇外翻切口小、创伤小、恢复快。     

小切口去骨赘及跖骨截骨结合拇伸肌腱延长矫正重度拇外翻的疗效评价

目的探讨小切口去骨赘、跖骨截骨结合拇伸肌腱延长术治疗重度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法对37例(65足)重度拇外翻患者采用小切口在第一二跖骨头间切断拇收肌,松解挛缩跖趾关节外侧关节囊,微型磨钻去除第一跖骨头增生骨赘,微型摆锯斜形截骨,延长拇伸肌腱;结合手法矫正拇外翻角、跖骨间夹角、下移跖骨头,并以"8"字包扎法外固定。手术前后分别拍照,采用美国足踝矫形学会拇外翻评分标准进行疗效评分。结果共矫正37例(65足),术后随访1年,拇外翻外形矫正及恢复足趾正常功能显著,单足优良率达93.85%,患者术后满意率为86.49%。结论采用小切口去骨赘、跖骨截骨结合拇伸肌腱延长术治疗重度拇外翻畸形,能较好地矫正前足异常,效果可靠,患者的满意率较高,临床可推广应用。     

联合截骨在老年性严重拇外翻中的应用

目的：探讨老年性拇外翻的手术治疗。方法：自2008年3月至2010年1月期间用截骨矫形术共治疗蹲外翻患者28例（31足）,男2例,女26例,患者年龄65—83岁,平均72．6岁。术前患者拇外翻角度平均55．36°±4．8°,第一二跖骨间夹角平均17．8°±4．3°,根据畸形程度及类型选用不同的截骨,同时行拇收肌腱松解挛缩及切除跖骨头内侧骨赘及滑囊炎,结合术后康复训练。结果：术后蹲外翻角度平均9．8°±4．6°,术后评价,优25足,良6足,术后无切口感染、畸形复发、跖骨头无菌性坏死等并发症。结论：截骨矫形术治疗老年性拇外翻的疗效令人满意。     

Chevron手术治疗外翻畸形

为寻求矫正外翻畸形的理想手术方法，自１９９０年以来作者采用Ｃｈｅｖｒｏｎ手术治疗１２例１８足。经１～７年随访，结果：优１５足（８３％），良２足（１１％），差１足（６％），优良率９４％。畸形矫正：趾外翻角术前３５°～４０°，术后５°～９°；第一跖骨间角术前１５°～２０°，术后５°～１０°；跖骨远侧关节角术前均＞１５°，术后均＜１５°；前足宽度术前６０～７０ｍｍ，术后５５～６５ｍｍ。无跖骨头无菌性坏死和骨不连等并发症。表明该手术有手术简单，截骨端嵌插稳定，畸形矫正满意，并发症少和行走时间早，恢复快等优点     

跟骨延长术治疗42例足外翻畸形

目的：观察跟骨截骨延长治疗足外翻畸形的疗效。方法：在患足跟骨外侧作4－5cm的长斜切口,显露跟骨的前半部;在跟骨狭窄部,即跟骰关节1．5cm处切开跟骨,以撑开器撑开截骨间隙至足外翻畸形矫正为止;将自体全厚楔形髂骨块植入截骨间隙内维持患足矫正位。钢针内固定,外加石膏靴固定3个月。结果：优31例,占73．8％;良：10例,占23．8％;可：1例,占2．4％;差：无。优良率97．6％,总有效率100％。结论：42例跟骨截骨延长观察收到以下效果：（1）跟骨延长使足的外侧弓伸长,矫正了前半足的外展及旋转和外翻畸形。（2）外侧弓的伸长带来足内侧弓的抬高,平跖足畸形改善,恢复了足静态稳定性。     

第一跖骨近端截骨并软组织手术治疗重度[足母]外翻

目的探讨第一跖骨近端楔形截骨结合软组织手术治疗重度[足母]外翻的疗效。方法自2004年至2008年采用第一跖骨近端楔形截骨结合跖趾关节处的远端软组织手术,治疗重度[足母]外翻46例81足。结果参照美国足踝外科学会Maryland评分系统,本组患者随访1～4年,优61足,良16足,可4足,优良率95．10o,平均HVA矫正28°,平均IMA矫正11°。结论第一跖骨近端楔形截骨结合软组织手术治疗重度脾外[足母]畸形,可得到极好矫正,不易复发,手术效果确实可靠,并发症少。     

改良Ludloff截骨术的几何形态学基础及其临床应用

目的 探讨Ludloff截骨术治疗母外翻后出现跖骨短缩、抬高及远端旋转的解决方案.方法 30例正常足,摄足部正侧位X线片,测量第一跖骨的长度及矢状面截骨角.计算在不同截骨条件下跖骨的抬高、短缩及旋前的理论值.根据该理论值,设计Ludloff截骨术的手术方案治疗??外翻.18例23足??外翻患者,如第一跖骨头内旋<3°,行单纯Ludloff截骨术;内旋角度为3°~6°,需行有冠状面截骨角的Ludloff截骨术;内旋角度>6°,行基底在外侧的楔形截骨;其中8足同时行第一跖骨远端截骨术以矫正跖骨远端关节角.采用??趾跖趾-趾间关节评分表及二至五趾跖趾-趾间关节评分表(AOFAS)进行疗效评定.结果 正常足第一跖骨的长度为4.60~6.90cm,平均(6.09±0.43)cm;矢状面截骨角为20.7°~31.3°,平均25.58°±2.73°.18例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均18个月.??趾跖趾-趾间关节评分:90~100分18足(78%),80~89分3足(13%),70~79分足2例(9%),评分平均增加36分(术前56分,术后92分);二至五趾跖趾-趾间关节评分:90~100分5足(22%),80~89分7足(30%),70~79分11足(48%),评分平均增加21分(术前59分,术后80分).结论 根据??外翻患者第一跖骨头不同的内旋角度,选取有冠状面截骨角或有基底在外侧的楔形截骨的Ludloff截骨术,可取得较理想的临床疗效.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.