肿瘤相关抗原CA125诊断卵巢上皮性癌的敏感性及对疗效的观察

应用免疫放射分析方法对１４１例经手术后病理证实的卵巢上皮性癌病人（其中浆液性乳头状囊腺癌６９例，子宫内膜样腺癌２４例，粘液性癌１６例，未分化癌２６例，透明细胞癌６例）进行血清ＣＡ＿（１２５）测定。对其中５０例手术前ＣＡ＿（１２５）阳性病人，在术后１～３个月进行两次以上的血清ＣＡ＿（１２５）测定，观察疗效和ＣＡ＿（１２５）水平变化间的相关性，对１例浆液性癌病人术后２个月始，每两周测定一次血清ＣＡ＿（１２５）连续测定１０个月。结果：浆液性癌阳性率为９４％，子宫内膜样腺癌阳性率为７９％，粘液性癌均为阴性，未分化癌阳性率为３８％，透明细胞癌均为阳性。全部病人疗效为完全缓解的２１例，术后ＣＡ＿（１２５）水平较术前明显下降（Ｐ＜０．００１），疗效为进展的２２例，术后ＣＡ＿（１２５）值较术前明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１），疗效为无改变的７例，手术前、后ＣＡ＿（１２５）值，差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示：ＣＡ＿（１２５）免疫放射分析对卵巢上皮性癌有较高的敏感性和特异性，对疗效观察有参考价值。     

卵巢浆液性和粘液性肿瘤共享结肠癌抗原决定簇

以抗结肠癌单克隆抗体ＳＣ１３Ａ为探针，应用免疫组织化学染色法，分别对６７例卵巢浆液性和４４例卵巢粘液性肿瘤组织，以及２０例正常卵巢组织中相应的抗原表达进行检测。结果：在浆液性囊腺瘤、交界性囊腺瘤和乳头状囊腺癌中ＳＣ１３Ａ抗原的表达率分别为８．０％，７１．４％和９０．０％；在粘液性囊腺瘤、交界性囊腺瘤和乳头状囊腺癌中ＳＣ１３Ａ抗原的表达率分别为２５．８％、８０．０％和８７．５％；正常卵巢组织中无３Ｃ１３Ａ抗原表达。浆液性、粘液性的交界性囊腺瘤和乳头状囊腺癌的抗原表达率，均显著高于浆液性、粘液性囊腺瘤及正常卵巢组织（Ｐ＜０．００５）。提示：浆液性和粘液性肿瘤抗原之间有内在的联系，这两类肿瘤的抗原中均共同享有与结肠癌抗原相同的抗原决定簇，这种抗原位点在恶性肿瘤中的表达明显高于良性肿瘤。     

青春期卵巢上皮性交界瘤7例临床分析

的探讨青春期卵巢上皮性交界瘤的临床特点。方法回顾性分析本院2000年1月～2006年12月收治的7例20岁以下卵巢上皮性交界瘤患者的临床和病理特征。结果患者年龄16～19岁（平均17．8岁）。主要症状为腹胀5例（71．4％，其中3例伴腹痛）、腹痛4例（57．1％），盆腹腔包块，直径7～30cm（中位数20cm）；B超检查盆腹腔囊实性包块6例，实性包块1例，直径7～32cm（中位数19．9cm）。根据术中冰冻病理检查情况，均采用保留生育功能手术（6例患侧附件切除术，1例卵巢肿瘤剔除术）。手术病理分期Ia期卵巢粘液性交界瘤4例（57．1％），Ia期浆液性交界瘤2例（28．6％），Ⅲc期浆液性交界瘤1例（14．3％）。随访18～94月（平均53．9月），6例（85．7％）无复发，1例Ia期浆液性交界瘤患侧附件切除术后18月复发。结论青春期卵巢上皮性交界瘤Ia期多见，病理类型为浆液性和粘液性肿瘤，各期患者保守手术治疗效果均较好。     

应用尿半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性测定诊断妇科恶性肿瘤的价值

对恶性肿瘤７０例（恶性组）、良性肿瘤５０例（良性组）和正常健康妇女５０例（对照组）尿中半抗氨酸蛋白酶（ＵＣＰ）活性进行测定。结果：ＵＣＰ辅助诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感性为９０％、特异性为８０％、准确性为８６％。恶性组ＵＣＰ值明显高于良性组和对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＵＣＰ检测对卵巢癌尤为敏感，敏感性为９５％，高于子宫体癌（７７％）、宫颈癌（８５％）。ＵＣＰ、血清肿瘤标记物ＣＡ＿（１２５）及乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同功酶辅助诊断卵巢癌的敏感性依次为９０％、８５％、７５％；特异性为８０％、８７％、８５％；准确性为８４％、８４％、８０％。ＵＣＰ与ＣＡ＿（１２５）对卵巢癌的辅助诊断有同样的价值，而且优于ＬＤＨ同功酶。８例卵巢癌Ⅰ期患者，７例ＵＣＰ值异常，而同组６例卵巢癌Ⅰ期患者中，无１例ＣＡ＿（１２５）值异常，说明ＵＣＰ检测对早期卵巢癌较ＣＡ＿（１２５）更敏感。提示：ＵＣＰ可能成为妇科恶性肿瘤，特别是卵巢癌的标记物。     

子宫内膜癌Ⅳb期临床特征和预后分析

目的：分析Ⅳｂ期子宫内膜癌的临床特征,探讨与其预后的相关因素。方法：回顾性分析Ⅳｂ期子宫内膜癌的临床病理特征及随访结果。结果： １１例子宫内膜癌Ⅳｂ期患者,平均 ６１． １岁,绝经 ９例,平均绝经 １４．９年。临床症状主要是绝经后阴道不规则出血或血性分泌物（９／１１）,其次为腹胀（４／１１）、腹部包块（３／１１）,出现症状至就诊平均 １５．１个月。 １０例手术治疗, １例拒绝手术,仅行内分泌治疗,８例行术中、术后化疗,３例术后放疗;平均随访 １２．９个月,死亡 ６例,２年生存率 ２８％,３年生存率 １４％。盆腹腔复发 ３例均死亡,平均存活 ６．７个月,发生肺转移５例,３例死亡,平均存活１４．７个月。术后残存病灶＞２ｃｍ ４例,均因复发转移死亡,平均存活９个月,术后无残存病灶３例均存活。结论：Ⅳｂ期子宫内膜癌患者年龄较大,就诊较晚,多表现为绝经后不规则阴道出血,治疗以手术为主,尽可能切除所有病灶,并辅助放化疗,但预后较差,其相关因素主要有首次手术的彻底性,宫旁血管淋巴管受侵,病灶范围及复发转移部位等。     

血清CA_(125)测定及宫腔声学造影诊断子宫腺肌病

目的：探讨血清 Ｃ Ａ１２５ 测定及宫腔声学造影诊断子宫腺肌病的价值。方法：对经术后病理检查证实的３１ 例子宫腺肌病（ 腺肌病组） 和２９ 例子宫肌瘤（ 肌瘤组） 患者,术前采用免疫放射法测定血清 Ｃ Ａ１２５ 水平, 并用３ ％ 双氧水行宫腔声学造影检查。１２ 例正常妇女为正常对照组。结果：三组血清 Ｃ Ａ１２５ 阳性率分别为８７ ．１ ％ 、１０ ．３ ％ 、８ ．３ ％ ,均值（ 珋ｘ ±ｓ） 分别为１０５ ．７１ ±６８ ．８２ｋ Ｕ／ Ｌ、１３ ．１４ ±１２ ．９９ｋ Ｕ／ Ｌ、１１ ．８３ ±９ ．９１ｋ Ｕ／ Ｌ。腺肌 病组 Ｃ Ａ１２５ 阳性 率及均值均 明显高于 其他两 组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。宫腔双氧水造影显示,２４ 例腺肌病病人阳性率为７７ ．４２ ％ , 而肌瘤组和对照组均为阴性结果。两种方法结合分析, 敏感性可提高至９６ ．７７ ％ , 准确性提高至９３ ．０５ ％ 。结论：血清 Ｃ Ａ１２５ 测定及宫腔双氧水造影对于子宫腺肌病有辅助诊断价值,两者结合应用,能提高诊断的准确性。     

血清CA125半衰期判定卵巢上皮性癌预后的价值

目的 探讨血清ＣＡ１２５半衰期在卵巢上皮性癌中的预后价值。方法 回顾性分析３０例卵巢上皮性癌患者在化疗过程中血清ＣＡ１２５半衰期值（ｔ１／２）与生存时间的关系。结果 血清ＣＡ１２５半衰期值（ｔ１／２）≤２０天组的中位生存时间为３６个月，ｔ１／２〉２０天组中完全缓解率为２７．３％，两者存在极显著差异（ｐ＝０．００１）。多因素生存分析表明：ＣＡ１２５半衰期和细胞分级、残余瘤灶大小均是独立的预后因素。结     

中,晚期卵巢癌综合治疗疗效及影响因素的分析

目的：探讨细胞减灭术及化疗对卵巢上皮性癌的治疗效果及影响因素。方法：回顾性分析１９８０年１月至１９９２年１２月在我院治疗且经细胞减灭术后肿瘤残留灶≤２ｃｍ的卵巢上皮性癌７６例的临床资料，其中，Ⅱ期２６例，Ⅲ期５０例；术后无残留灶者５２例，残留灶直径≤２ｃｍ。术后均有杉ＣＡＰ方案，ＡＰ方案，ＣＥ方案进行化疗。结果：总的５年生存率为３３．６％，其中，Ⅱ期为３４．９％，Ⅲ期为２９．５％（Ｐ〉０．１）。有     

人乳头状瘤病毒感染与子宫颈癌发病关系的探讨

应用多重引物人乳头状瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ）６Ｂ／１１、１６、１８　型聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测９９例不同宫颈病变宫颈组织中人乳头状瘤病毒ＤＮＡ（ＨＰＶＤＮＡ）。其中宫颈湿疣２０例，宫颈上皮内瘤变（ＣＩＮ）１～２级（ＣＩＮ＿（１～２））１８例，ＣＩＮ３级（ＣＩＮ＿３）２０例，宫颈癌２３例和正常对照１８例。结果：上述宫颈组织中ＨＰＶＤＮＡ总检出率分别为８５．０％，８３．３％，８０．０％，８７．０％和２７．８％。宫颈各病变组中ＨＰＶＤＮＡ的检出率均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。宫颈湿疣及ＣＩＮ＿（１～２）中ＨＰＶ６Ｂ／１１型检出率分别为８５．０％和７２．３％，ＣＩＮ＿３和宫颈癌中ＨＰＶ６和（或）１８型阳性率分别为５０．０％和７３．９％，两者ＨＰＶ型别分布差异有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。３例腺癌中ＨＰＶ１８型阳性２例，１６型阳性１例。低分化宫颈癌中均为ＨＰＶ１６和（或）１８型感染。提示：宫颈癌及其癌前病变的发生与ＨＰＶ感染高度相关。宫颈湿疣和ＣＩＮ＿（１～２）常与ＨＰＶ６Ｂ／１１型感染有关；ＣＩＮ＿３和宫颈癌的发生则与ＨＰＶ１６、１８型关系密切。     

卵巢上皮性癌155例的治疗与预后

目的：探讨卵巢上皮性癌的治疗与影响预后的因素。方法：对１９７０年１月至１９９２年１２月在我院治疗的１５５例卵巢上皮性癌进行回顾性分析。全部手术切除标本经病理检查诊断并按ＦＩＧＯ分期标准进行分期，４２例行２次手术，４例行３次手术。除６例外，余１４９例均于手术后行化疗，３２例于第２次术后再次行化疗，９例因复发再次化疗。结果：２年、５年、１０年的生存率分别为Ⅰ期９２．４％、８７．０％、７０．６％；Ⅱ期９１．９％、６３．６％、４７．８％；Ⅲ期５９．９％、３８．２％、１９．２％；Ⅳ期２５．０％、２５．０％、０．０％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。６例未化疗者均在术后２年内死亡。结果表明，预后与临床分期、细胞分化、残留癌灶大小有关。５年生存率中，Ⅰ期为８７．０％和Ⅲ期为３８．２％（Ｐ＜０．００１）；Ｇ１的５年生存率为９５．９％，Ｇ３为１１．８％（Ｐ＜０．００１）；无残留癌灶者为９７．６％，残留癌灶＞２ｃｍ者为２１．２％（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：在卵巢上皮性癌初次手术时残留癌灶＜２ｃｍ，并于术后尽早开始化疗，可提高生存率。     

Is there a correlation between tumor marker panel and tumor size and histopathology in well staged patients with borderline ovarian tumors?

AIMS: To investigate whether there is a correlation between serum tumor markers panel (CA 125, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)) and tumor size and histopathology in well staged patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). METHODS: Four tumor markers (CA 125, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and CEA) were analysed clinically in 60 well staged patients with borderline ovarian tumor, for this retrospective observational study. RESULTS: Most patients had serous histology and early stage disease, and the mean age at the time of diagnosis was 40.70 years (range: 19-73). Twenty-nine patients (48.3%) had high CA 125 levels (>35 U/l), 15 patients (25%) had high levels of CEA (>4 ng/ml), 12 patients (20%) had high levels of CA 19-9 (>37 U/ml), and 9 patients (15%) had high levels of CA 15-3 (>30 ng/ml) at the time of initial surgery. The positive rate of CA 125, CA 19-9, CA 15-3, and CEA in serous tumor were 57.9, 7.9, 7.9 and 15.8%, respectively. These figures were 31.8, 40.9, 27.3 and 40.9% in mucinous tumor. The positive rate of CA 125 in the serous group was statistically significantly higher than that in the mucinous group, while the positive rates for CA 19-9 and CEA in mucinous histology was significantly higher than those in serous tumors. In case of grouping the tumor size as <4, 4.1-10 and >10 cm, the mean serum levels of tumor markers had significantly increased by increasing tumor size (p<0.05 for CA 125, and CA 19-9, p>0.05 for CA 15-3, and CEA). CONCLUSION: The high levels of tumor markers, especially for CA 125 and CA 19-9, may indicate the larger tumor size. The elevation of serum CA 125 may suggest serous tumors, while the high level of serum CA 19-9 and CEA may indicate mucinous BOTs.     

CA_(125)、CA_(19.9)、CEA在卵巢上皮性交界性肿瘤中的临床价值

目的 :探讨测定血清CA12 5、CA19.9、CEA在诊断卵巢上皮性交界性肿瘤中的临床价值。方法 :回顾分析卵巢交界性肿瘤 5 0例血清CA12 5、CA19.9、CEA水平与临床资料。结果 :浆液性及粘液性肿瘤中CA12 5的阳性率分别为 5 3.85 %和 60 % ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,临床分期晚者CA12 5阳性率有增高趋势 ;粘液性肿瘤中CA19.9的阳性率为 4 3.75 % ;CEA阳性率为 12 % ,仅见于粘液性或以粘液性为主的肿瘤中 ;与术前相比 ,术后CA12 5、CA19.9水平及阳性率均显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :CA12 5、CA19.9对卵巢上皮性交界性肿瘤的术前诊断及疗效监测有一定价值 ,CEA则在鉴别组织学类型中有一定价值。     

Relationship between serum levels and immunohistological tissue levels of CA 125 and CEA in epithelial ovarian cancers: its implications for tumor cell type specificity

Tissue localization and serum levels of CA125 and CEA in patients with epithelial ovarian tumors were examined. In patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma, "high CA125 and low CEA" was a characteristic feature in the serum, while in patients with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, "low CA125 and high CEA" was generally found in the serum. Tissue localization of CA125 was strongly positive in serous cystadenocarcinoma associated with high serum CA125 levels, and negative in serous tumors showing normal serum CA125 levels. In mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, CA125 staining was positive with a minimum intensity. Immunostaining of CEA was strongly positive in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma associated with high serum CEA levels and was negative in mucinous tumors showing normal serum CEA levels. Tissue localization of CEA in serous cystadenocarcinoma was negative. There was a good correlation between serum CA125 and immunohistochemical tissue levels of CA125 in serous cystadenocarcinoma, and the same between serum CEA and immunohistochemical tissue levels of CEA in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. These results demonstrate that in epithelial ovarian tumors CA125 has a relatively higher tumor cell type specificity for serous cystadenocarcinoma, whereas CEA does for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.     

Tissue expression of CA 125 in benign and malignant lesions of ovary and fallopian tube: A comparison with CA 19-9 and CEA

Sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 11 normal ovaries and tubes, 13 tubo-ovarian abscesses, 3 tubal carcinomas, and 115 ovarian tumors were investigated by immunohistochemistry. CA 125 and CA 19-9 were demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies, CEA with polyclonal antibodies. The tissue expression was visualized by the avidin-biotin method. In the germinal epithelium of all ovaries no tumor marker was confirmed. In 4 out of 11 tubes the epithelium was CA 125 positive, in 2 out of 11 cases CA 19-9 positive. Nine out of 13 tubo-ovarian abscesses were CA 125 and 5 out of 13 were CA 19-9 positive in their epithelium. Elevated serum levels of these markers might be due to expression via the epithelial cell of the inflamed tube. All normal and inflammatory adnexal tissues were CEA negative. In serous tumors and undifferentiated carcinomas, CA 125 was most frequently confirmed (85 and 70%, respectively). All mucinous tumors were CA 125 negative. The most frequently confirmed tumor marker was CA 19-9 (77%). In endometrioid tumors, CEA was most frequent (44%). In 42% of the borderline tumors and carcinomas only one marker was demonstrated, in 7% none. Here, immunohistochemistry may indicate the most adequate marker. Tumor marker expression was markedly heterogenous: tumor areas with strong, weak, and no reaction were adjacent. The tumor markers revealed no specificity for malignancy or disease.     

Serum levels of six tumor markers in patients with benign and malignant gynecological disease

Summary We studied the pretreatment serum levels of 6 tumor markers in gynecological patients with and without malignant disease. The tumor markers were carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), ferritin, Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP₁), Schwangerschaftsprotein 3 (SP₃) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125). The results were as follows: (1) Serum CA125 and TPA levels were raised in 81% and 57% of patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma: CEA and SP₃, in 52% and 43% respectively of patients with ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma; CA125, TPA and SP₃, in 76%, 48% and 48% respectively of patients with other ovarian malignancies; and TPA and SP₃, in 56% and 40% respectively of patients with endometrial carcinoma. (2) Serum levels of TPA, ferritin and CA125 were more often raised with advancing stages of malignant disease. (3) Serum TPA levels were elevated in 55% of patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma, and serum SP₃ levels were elevated in 35% of patients with a stage I malignant ovarian neoplasm and in 45% of patients with endometrial carcinoma. (4) One of the 6 tumor markers showed a raised level in 84% of patients with gynecologic malignancy as against 56% in those with benign gynecologic diseases.     

Serum CA 125, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 19-9 as tumor markers in borderline ovarian tumors

OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to analyze preoperative serum levels of CA 125, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and CA 19-9 in patients with borderline ovarian tumors and to investigate if routine assessment of these markers in follow-up may lead to earlier detection of recurrence. METHODS: For patient identification a database was used, in which data from all patients treated for gynecologic malignancies in the Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands, are compiled. Between 1982 and 1997, 44 patients with borderline ovarian tumors were identified. Clinical data and serum CA-125 and CEA levels were retrieved from the database. CA 19-9 levels were determined in retrospect in available stored preoperative (24 patients) and follow-up (43 patients) serum samples. RESULTS: Preoperative CA 125 levels were elevated in 8 of 33 (24%), CEA levels in 3 of 32 (9%), and CA 19-9 levels in 11 of 24 (46%) cases. In patients with mucinous tumors preoperative CA 19-9 was more frequently elevated (8/14, 57%) than CA 125 (3/20, 15%) (P = 0.02) or CEA (2/18, 11%) (P = 0.02). Complete follow-up serum CA 125, CEA, and CA 19-9 levels were available for 43 of 44 patients. Median follow-up was 84 months (range, 22-204). During follow-up two patients (5%) had recurrent disease. In one patient CA 125 became elevated at the time of recurrence; in the other patient (in retrospect) the CA 19-9 level did not return to normal after surgery, but kept rising, preceding clinical symptoms of recurrence for 13 months. CONCLUSIONS: If one chooses to use serum markers in follow-up of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors CA 19-9 should be included. Measurement of serum tumor markers in the follow-up of patients with borderline ovarian tumors may lead to earlier detection of recurrence in only a very small proportion of patients, while the clinical value of earlier detection of recurrence remains to be established.     

Relation between serum levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and their immunohistochemical identification in benign and malignant gynecological disease

Summary We studied immunohistochemical stains for TPA and CA125 in patients with benign and malignant gynecologic diseases. The results were as follows: (1) CA125 was not found in ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma but was demonstrated immunohistochemically in 82% of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas and 83% of Krukenberg's tumors. (2) TPA was demonstrated in 65% of ovarian serous and 75% of ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, and in 58% of endometrial carcinomas. (3) TPA was found in all trophoblastic tumors examined, while CA125 was found in none. Eighty-three percent of patients with trophoblastic diseases had raised serum TPA levels. (4) When serum CA125 levels were raised, CA125 was demonstrated immunohistochemically in 71% of patients with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas, 67% of patients with Krukenberg's tumors and 100% of patients with tubal carcinomas. (5) Despite elevated serum levels, CA125 and TPA were not identified by immunohistochemistry in 64% cases of benign ovarian disease and in 80% of patients with uterine myomata. (6) It would seem that CA125 was more easily released from tumor cells than TPA.     

Borderline ovarian tumors: features and controversial aspects

Objective

To investigate features and controversial aspects of the borderline ovarian tumor (BOT), a neoplasm with favorable prognosis representing 10–15% of epithelial ovarian tumors.

Study design

: We retrospectively studied all patients treated at our institution from 2000 to 2010 taking into account the age, the stage, the type of surgery, the tumor size, the symptoms, the pre- and post-intervention tumor marker levels (CA125, CA19.9, CA15.3 and CEA), the presence of recurrence, the overall survival (OS), the progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

A total of 43 patients were identified. The median age was 49 years (range: 15–82 years). The most frequent FIGO stage was IA (74% of the cases) with a prevalence of serous histotype, and 49% of the patients were asymptomatic. The CA125 level was abnormal in 55% of the patients before surgery, returning to the normal range in all cases after tumor removal. The PFS was 96% and 77% at five and sixty months respectively.

Conclusion

The BOT is closer to a benign than to a malignant tumor in the early stages, when confined to the ovary (IA and IB). In these stages conservative surgery is safe and advisable for women seeking offspring. In the other stages the need for a careful and long-term follow-up arises. CA125, despite its modest sensitivity and specificity, has a role in the follow-up of BOT.     

Analysis of serum CA125, CEA, AFP, LDH levels and LDH isoenzymes in patients with ovarian tumors--correlation between tumor markers and histological types of ovarian tumors

Serum CA125, CEA, AFP, LDH levels and LDH isoenzymes were analyzed in ovarian tumor patients, who were treated at Kyoto University Hospital. CA125 was positive in 10/16 (62.5%) cases of common epithelial carcinoma, especially 100% positive in serous carcinoma, but was negative in mucinous tumors. CA125 was also negative in patients with germ cell and sex cord stromal tumors. CEA was positive in 13/32 (40.6%) cases of epithelial carcinoma, most frequently elevated in patients with mucinous carcinoma, pseudomyxoma peritonei, and Krukenberg tumor. AFP was positive only in those with endodermal sinus tumors. LDH was elevated in 16/39 (41%) cases of epithelial carcinoma, but was not specific for histological types. In contrast, all 8 cases of dysgerminoma, 1 of immature teratoma and 2 of endodermal sinus tumor showed extremely elevated LDH levels. Moreover, the normal pattern or deviation to H subunit of LDH isoenzymes was seen in such cases of germ cell tumor, while deviation to M subunit was noted in epithelial and metastatic tumor patients. These data indicate that each parameter is useful as a tumor marker for the specific histological type of ovarian tumor; CA125 for non-mucinous epithelial carcinoma, CEA for mucinous tumor and Krukenberg tumor, AFP for yolk sac tumor, LDH and LDH isoenzymes for dysgerminoma and other solid germ cell tumors. In addition, preoperative diagnosis of histological types of ovarian tumors may be possible by combining these tumor markers.     

Evaluation of serum CA 125 level as a tumor marker in borderline tumors of the ovary

Serum CA 125 was evaluated as a tumor marker in 85 patients with borderline ovarian tumors. Serum CA 125 levels were elevated preoperatively in 18 of 20 (90%) samples (median 66, range 5–272 U ml⁻¹). Preoperative serum CA 125 levels did not correlate to FIGO stage. Preoperative serum CA 125 levels were elevated in seven of nine (78%) with serous tumors (median 131, range 5–272 U ml⁻¹) and in all 11 with mucinous tumors (median 62, range 41–157 U ml⁻¹). There was no significant difference in the CA 125 levels between these two histologic types. Postoperative serum CA 125 levels, measured 3–6 weeks after primary laparotomy, were significantly lower than the preoperative ones ( P < 0.001). No difference in the postoperative CA 125 levels was found between those with and those without residual disease after surgery. Postoperative serum CA 125 levels were elevated in eight of 60 (13%) without residual tumor. None of these had relapsed at the time of analysis (26–87 months after surgery). Serum CA 125 levels tended to correlate with disease evolution during chemotherapy. Two with disease remissions had falling levels, one with stable disease had falling level and one with disease progression had rising level. Serum CA 125 samples were obtained before second-look laparotomy in seven patients. Two with negative findings at second-look had normal levels. Of five with positive findings at laparotomy only two had elevated serum CA 125 levels. Disease relapse was associated with elevated serum CA 125 levels in only one of six patients.