血清甲状腺素检测对肝硬化患者的临床意义

目的：探讨肝硬化患者血清甲状腺激素水平的变化及其临床意义。方法：回顾分析经相关检查确诊的肝硬化患者125例。根据肝功能Child—Pugh分级分为A级、B级、C级3组,36例健康体检者为对照组,分别分析其游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（F13）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）水平,并结合肝功能分级进行比较。结果：肝硬化患者血清FT3、FT4水平显著低于健康对照组（P〈0．01）,肝功能Child-Pugh B级组患者血清FT3、FT4水平显著低于A级组患者（P〈0．05）,肝功能Child-PushC级组患者血清FF3、FT4水平显著低于B级组患者（P〈0．01）。结论：肝硬化患者进行血清甲状腺素水平的检测有助于判断其病情严重程度及预后。     

肝硬化患者的胆囊结石发生率及其与肝功能分级的关系

目的研究肝硬化患者胆囊结石的发生率与肝功能分级的关系。方法回顾性分析195例肝硬化患者的临床资料,以同期230例健康体检者为对照组。结果肝硬化患者的胆囊结石发病率明显高于健康对照组（43．1％比6．1％,P〈0．01）,且胆囊结石发病率与肝功能损害程度呈正相关,Child—PughB级和C级患者的胆囊结石发病率显著高于A级患者（A级25．5％比B级52．4％比C级44．7％,P〈0．01）。不同病因的肝硬化患者的胆囊结石发病率差异无统计学意义。胆囊结石为肝硬化患者合并急性胆囊炎、急性胰腺炎的主要原因（54．8％）,经积极抗炎、利胆等对症治疗后大部分患者症状好转。结论肝硬化患者的胆囊结石发病率明显增加,并与肝脏疾病的进展呈正相关。     

肝硬化患者肠黏膜通透性与Child—Pugh分级的相关性研究

目的探讨肝硬化患者肠黏膜通透性（IP）与Child—Pugh分级的相关性及肠道去污剂对肝硬化患者肠道屏障功能及肝功能状态的影响。方法按Child—Pugh分级标准将76例肝硬化患者分为A、B、C3组,并选择30例体检者作为对照组,采用高压液相色谱法检测各组患者尿液乳果糖／甘露醇排出比（L／M）;给予76例肝硬化患者选择性肠道去污剂,比较用药前后各组患者肝功能Child—Pugh分级和肠黏膜通透性。结果肝硬化患者尿乳果N／甘露醇排出比明显高于对照组（0．208±0．025vs0．057±0．019）,肝硬化患者按Child。Pugh分级各组尿乳果糖／甘露醇排出比也均明显高于对照组,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）;采用Spearman等级相关分析发现,肝功能Child—Pu巾评分与乳果糖／甘露醇排出比呈正相关（r=0．658,P〈0．05）;给予肠道去污药物2周后肝硬化Child-Pugh分级各组患者尿液乳果糖／甘露醇排出比与治疗前比较均明显下降（P〈0．05）,各组Child—Pugh评分均有改善。结论肝硬化患者的肠黏膜通透性与肝功能Child—Pugh评分呈正相关,即肠道通透性随肝功能下降而升高,肠黏膜通透性对于肝硬化患者的诊断和治疗有临床意义。     

76例肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者胃镜检查结果分析

目的分析肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者的胃镜检查结果。方法肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者行急诊胃镜检查和止血治疗。结果在76例患者中,内镜下见有食管静脉曲张者65例(85.5%),其中轻度8例,中度17例,重度40例;诊断PHG者33例(43.4%),其中轻度12例,重度21例;消化性溃疡并发出血者8例;胃癌2例。结论食管静脉曲张破裂出血与PHG并发出血是引起肝硬化并发上消化道出血的两大主要原因。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者门脉高压性胃病的胃镜检查特点分析

目的探讨肝硬化门脉高压性胃病(PHG)的胃镜特点及其与肝功能分级和食道静脉曲张的关系。方法对108例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者进行常规胃镜检查,对其并发PHG情况进行回顾性分析。结果在108例患者中,发现PHG42例(38.9%),食管静脉曲张91例(84.3%);肝功能Child-Pugh分级与PHG病变程度呈正相关(r=0.385,P=0.000),食管静脉曲张程度与PHG病变程度亦呈正相关(r=0.249,P=0.009)。结论随着肝功能分级及食管静脉曲张程度的加重,PHG的严重程度也逐渐加重。     

急诊胃镜对肝硬化非食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的诊疗价值

目的 探讨急诊胃镜对肝硬化非食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(non-esophageal variceal bleeding, NEVB)的诊疗价值.方法 回顾2003年1月～2008年1月我院肝硬化上消化道出血患者采取急诊胃镜检查130例,快速尿素酶试验和14C呼气试验(14C-UBT)检测幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染情况,分析总结其中45例非食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血临床诊治情况.结果 127例得到了确诊,确诊率为97.7%,其中非食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血45例,占34.6%,以门脉高压性胃病(portal hypertensive gastropathy,PHG)和肝源性溃疡(hepatogenic ulcer, HU)居多.内镜下止血治疗14例,肝硬化并食管胃底静脉破裂出血者(EVB)H.pylori阳性率(38.8%)低于非食管胃底静脉破裂出血者(42.2%),但两者之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),根除H.pylori者再次出血率低.结论 对肝硬化合并上消化道出血患者,最好行急诊胃镜检查,其诊断率高;非食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血给予内镜下止血及内科治疗,效果确切,同时根除H.pylori有助于预防再次出血.     

终末期肝病模型及Child—Pugh分级对失代偿期肝硬化患者的预后分析

目的探讨终末期肝病模型（MELD）及Child—Pugh评分对失代偿期肝硬化预后评估的应用价值。方法应用MELD评分公式及Child—Pugh分级对136例失代偿期肝硬化患者进行评分及分级,比较两种系统对肝硬化预后的评估。结果分别有19．85％和33．82％患者3个月和6个月内死亡,死亡组MELD和Child—Pugh评分均高于生存组（P〈0．001）;MELD评分在3个月预后评估的ROC曲线AUC高于Child—Pugh评分（P〈0．05）;生存分析表明MELD与Child—Pugh评分均可有效地分辨6个月内可能生存及死亡的患者（P〈0．005）;MELD评分与Child评分显著相关（r=0．67,P〈0．001）。结论MELD评分及Child—Pugh评分均可预测失代偿期肝硬化患者短期预后,MELD评分短期评估优于Child—Pugh分级。     

肝硬化患者食道静脉曲张程度与门静脉脾静脉内径、肝硬化分级的相关性研究

目的探讨食道静脉曲张程度与门静脉脾静脉内径、肝硬化临床分级的关系.方法用回顾性调查方法对226例肝硬化患者进行研究,所有病例均用B超探测门、脾静脉的内径,电子胃镜检查食道静脉曲张的程度,肝硬化临床分级采用Child-Pugh分级.结果食道静脉曲张的程度与门静脉脾静脉的内径呈正相关(r=0.3574,P＜0.05;r=0.4770,P＜0.05),与肝硬化Child-Pugh分级(A、B、C级)也呈正相关(r=0.1434,P＜0.05).结论食道静脉曲张程度随门静脉脾静脉的增宽、肝硬化Child-Pugh分级的程度越来越重.     

肝硬化患者血清β2-微球蛋白及动脉血氧变化与Child分级的相关性探讨

目的探讨肝硬化患者血清β2-微球蛋白（β2-MG）及动脉血氧变化与Child分级的关系。方法选取肝硬化患者58例,应用放射免疫法（RIA）检测血清β2-MG水平,应用血气分析仪测定动脉血氧分压（PaO2）,并与30例正常献血员血清β2-MG、PaO2水平进行比较。结果肝硬化组血清β2-MG、Child B级高于A级,Child C级明显高于B级,差异有统计学意义;动脉血氧分压从A—B—C级间逐渐下降,低氧血症发生率逐渐升高,Child C级、B级间比较差异有统计学意义。结论提示血清β2-MG与肝功能的损害程度关系密切,PaO2则随着肝功能损害程度加重而逐渐下降,在临床上对肝硬化患者的病情估计及预后判断有一定的指导意义。     

Effect of laparoscopic splenectomy on portal hypertensive gastropathy in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension

Aim:  This study investigated the relationship between portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) and splenomegaly, and the effect of laparoscopic splenectomy on PHG in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension.
Methods:  Seventy patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension were prospectively studied. Indication for laparoscopic splenectomy was bleeding tendency in 10 patients, induction of interferon in 45, treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in seven, and treatment for endoscopic injection sclerotherapy-resistant esophagogastric varices in eight. The severity of PHG was classified into none, mild, or severe according to the classification by McCormack et al. The severity of liver disease was classified using the Child–Pugh score. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy before and 1 month after the operation.
Results:  The prevalence of PHG was significantly correlated with the severity of liver disease using the Child–Pugh score. The severity of PHG was significantly correlated with the resected spleen volume. One month after the operation, PHG was improved in 16 of 17 patients with severe PHG and in 12 of 32 with mild PHG. The Child–Pugh score showed a significant improvement (6.8 ± 1.4 to 6.2 ± 1.2) at 3 months after laparoscopic splenectomy ( P  < 0.0001).
Conclusions:  PHG may be associated with splenomegaly, and laparoscopic splenectomy may have a beneficial effect on PHG, at least for a short time.     

Expression of a 72-kDa heat shock protein, and its cytoprotective function, in gastric mucosa in cirrhotic rats

Background Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a clinical entity that is observed frequently in patients with liver cirrhosis. In PHG, gastric mucosa is highly susceptible to mucosal injury caused by noxious agents. Many studies, including ours, have reported that a 72-kDa heat shock protein (HSP72) has a crucial cytoprotective function in gastric mucosa. In this study, we investigated the expression and cytoprotective effect of HSP72 on gastric mucosa in portal hypertensive rats.Methods PHG was produced by bile duct ligation (BDL) or carbon tetrachloride administration in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The expression of HSP72 in the gastric mucosa was evaluated by Western blotting. Induction of gastric mucosal HSP72 by 6-h water-immersion stress was compared between cirrhotic and control rats. Also, mucosal protective abilities against hydrochloric acid (HCl; 0.6N) following pretreatment with water-immersion stress to induce HSP72 were studied in both groups.Results Portal venous pressure was significantly higher in cirrhotic rats compared with control rats (P < 0.05). Baseline expression (before water-immersion stress) of mucosal HSP72 was significantly lower in cirrhotic rats compared with control rats. HCl-induced gastric mucosal lesions were significantly suppressed in control rats compared with cirrhotic rats, especially when HSP72 was preinduced by water-immersion stress.Conclusions These findings suggest that HSP72 in the gastric mucosa plays a crucial role with respect to cytoprotection; the induction of HSP72 may provide therapeutic strategies for protection against mucosal injury in PHG.     

肝硬化大鼠胃壁一氧化氮合酶的组化研究

目的：门脉高压性胃病在组织学上以胃臂粘膜及粘膜下血管扩张为特征，一氧化氮作为扩血管物质可能参与了此异常的发生。方法：使用ＮＡＤＰＨ黄递酶组化法显示肝硬化大鼠胃臂一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性。结果：肝硬化大鼠胃粘膜上皮、胃壁内小动脉及小静脉ＮＯＳ染色均增强，胃粘膜上皮脱落、变性、不规整，胃壁内小动脉、小静脉扭曲变形。结论：肝硬化大鼠胃壁一氧化氮合酶产生增加，可能参与了肝硬化门脉高压性胃病的发生。     

门脉高压性胃病患者血浆、尿中内皮素浓度变化及意义

本文应用放射免疫法测定４０例门脉高压性胃病（ＰＨＧ）患者血浆、尿呐皮素（ＥＴ）含量。结果：ＰＨＧ患者血浆ＥＴ（ＰＥｔ）尿ＥＴ（ＵＥｔ）及ＰＥｔ／ＵＥｔ显著高于非ＰＨＧ肝硬化患者和正常人,且与食管静脉同张程度、脾厚和门脉宽度成正比。轻、重度ＰＨＧ上述三项指标差异均有显著性,提示,ＥＴ参与ＰＨＧ的形成机制,可能主要与ＥＴ使门脉压增高有关。     

Portal hypertensive gastropathy with a focus on management

Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a painless condition of gastric mucosal ectasia and impaired mucosal defense, commonly seen in patients with elevated portal pressures. While it is typically asymptomatic and incidentally discovered on upper endoscopy, acute and chronic bleeding may occur. There are no definitive recommendations for treatment of asymptomatic PHG. Non-selective β-blockers represent the mainstay of therapy for chronic bleeding, while somatostatin and vasopressin and their derivatives may be used in conjunction with supportive measures for acute bleeding. Salvage therapy with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt or rarely surgical shunt is appropriate when medical management fails. The role of endoscopic therapy for PHG is controversial. Liver transplantation should be considered as a final resort in cases of refractory bleeding due to PHG.     

超声检查对肝硬化门脉高压性胃病的预测

以超声检查指标对门脉高压性胃病进行预测.经超声和胃镜检查,筛选出与门脉高压性胃病相关且对其判断贡献较大的指标,建立回归方程.门静脉内径、脾长径、脾指数、脾静脉内径、腹水、胆囊壁厚度与门脉高压性胃病呈正相关,经Logistic回归分析对门脉高压性胃病的综合判断符合率为79.3%.超声检查指标对肝硬化患者门脉高压性胃病判断符合率较高,可由超声检查预测肝硬化门脉高压性胃病.     

肝硬化并门脉高压性胃病的临床研究

目的:探讨肝硬化并门脉高压性胃病(PHG)的临床特点及其与肝功分级、食管静脉曲张的关系．方法:对208例肝硬化患者进行常规胃镜检查,并对其并发PHG情况进行回顾性分析．结果:208例肝硬化患者中,食管静脉曲张178 例(85．6％),PHG发生率为38．0％(79例)．随肝功能Child-Pugh分级级别增加,PHG发病率及严重程度呈上升趋势(P<0．01);而随着食管静脉曲张严重程度上升,PHG发病率亦有上升 (P<0．05);原无PHG的19例患者硬化剂治疗后有4例(21．1％)出现PHG．结论:肝硬化患者PHG发病率随肝功能分级及食管静脉曲张严重程度的增加而上升．     

门脉高压胃病与前列环素I2的关系

目的 了解血浆前列环素在肝硬化门脉高压性胃病发病中的作用.方法 应用特异性放射免疫分析法测定49例肝硬化门脉高压性胃病患者及30例正常对照者血浆前列环素水平.结果 49例肝硬化门脉高压性胃病患者前列环素水平(137.31±61.82)pg/ml明显高于对照组(89.62±2.6)pg/ml,(t=1.684,P＜0.05).其中门脉高压性胃病轻、中度患者与对照组比较,均有明显差异(t=1.725,t=1.853,P＜0.05),门脉高压性胃病重度患者与对照组比较,差异更明显(t=2.117,P＜0.025).但门脉高压性胃病各级间比较均无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 肝硬化门脉高压性胃病患者血浆前列环素明显升高,作为具有扩血管作用的炎性介质,在门脉高压性胃病发病中起重要作用.     

肝硬化门静脉高压性胃病的胃镜表现及相关因素分析

目的探讨门静脉高压性胃病(PHG)胃镜下胃黏膜特征及其与食管胃静脉曲张、溃疡病及肝硬化并发症之间的关系。方法回顾性分析2012年8月-2018年6月陆军军医大学大坪医院867例肝硬化患者临床资料,统计其胃镜下食管胃静脉曲张、PHG、溃疡病发生的情况,收集肝硬化并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎、肝性脑病、原发性肝癌的数据资料。计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验,相关性分析采用Spearman相关性检验。结果肝硬化患者PHG发生率高达66.2%(574/867),轻度PHG胃黏膜改变以红点灶(68.6%)和蛇皮征(56.8%)为主,而重度PHG以弥漫红斑为主(76.5%)。PHG在不同程度的食管静脉曲张中发生率差异显著(χ2=304.712,P<0.05),并且随着食管静脉曲张加重,PHG程度亦越来越重(r=0.515,P<0.05)。不同程度胃静脉曲张的患者PHG发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=81.004,P<0.05),且PHG程度与胃静脉曲张程度相关(r=0.292,P<0.05)。不同部位静脉曲张患者PHG的发生率差异显著(χ2=41.361,P<0.05),当患者仅出现胃静脉曲张时,PHG发生率(34.8%)最低,且均为轻度;而食管和胃均出现静脉曲张时,PHG发生率(85.6%)最高。未合并PHG患者中有71例(24.2%)因呕血和(或)黑便就诊住院,而574例PHG患者中有316例(55.1%)因此而住院,二者差异显著(χ2=74.562,P<0.05)。结论不同PHG严重程度的患者胃黏膜特征差异显著,PHG的发生和严重程度与食管胃静脉曲张程度密切相关,且是肝硬化消化道出血重要原因,应积极治疗和预防PHG以降低消化道出血风险和相关并发症。