妥泰单药治疗对不同类型癫痫的疗效观察

目的：观察妥泰单药治疗对不同类型癫痫的疗效；方法：对52名应用妥泰单药治疗的患者进行疗效评定，观察癫痫的类型，患者的年龄，性别等因素对疗效的影响，以及妥泰的副作用；结果：根据入选病例，患者性别，年龄对妥泰单药疗效无显著影响（P＞0．05）；妥泰对各类癫痫的总有效率达80．8％，失神发作患者经妥泰单药治疗后无发作率达75％，结论：妥泰是一种新型的广谱抗癫痫药物，可用于治疗儿童和成人的各种类型癫痫，其疗效不受年龄，性别等因素的影响，对失神发作患者更有着明显的控制率。     

难治性癫痫55例临床分析

目的探讨难治性癫痫患者采用妥泰（Topirarnale）添加治疗的疗效。方法对55例难治性癫痫患者应用添加妥泰开放性自身对照试验。结果发作完全控制8例,占14．5％;有效25例,占45．5％;发作减少在50％以上,总有效率60％。结论妥泰是一种广谱抗癫痫药,能与常用抗癫痫药联合治疗,是提高疗效的重要途径。     

两种药物治疗儿童慢性神经精神障碍的疗效比较

目的评价妥泰单一治疗儿童慢性神经精神障碍性疾病（Tourette综合征，TS）的疗效及副作用。方法将48例TS患者随机分为治疗组（30例）和对照组（18例）。诊治组予妥秦（50—150mg／d）治疗；对照组予丙戊酸钠（10—15mg／kg·d），共治疗24周。于治疗第8、第24周末对两组进行疗效评估。结果第8周末治疗组痊愈15例，有效7例，有效率76％，对照组痊愈4例，有效6例，有效率55．5％；24周末治疗组有效率90％，对照组72％，两组8周、24周末疗效比较，差异有显著意义（P〈0．05）。结论妥泰能有效控制TS症状，副作用轻，是疗效显著的抗癫痫药物。     

妥泰治疗癫痫的长期临床观察

目的 观察长期应用妥泰（TPM）治疗各种类型癫痫的临床疗效、安全性及用药方法。方法 采用自身对照方法，对146例各种类型的癫痫患者进行TPM合并用药（81例）和单药（65例）治疗，TPM从小剂量开始，起始量儿童〈20kg者为6．25mg／d，≥20kg者为12．5mg/d，成人为25mg／d，根据病情及不良反应，逐渐调整用药剂量。观察时间为1年～3年10个月，平均16．2个月，治疗20周后及1年后与基础期（入组前3个月）月发作频率进行比较。结果 合并用药组治疗有效率为80．2％，单药治疗组有效率为87．7％，服药1年以上总有效率为90．4％。不良反应多发生在加量期，其中单药治疗组低于合并用药组，差异有显著性。结论 TPM是一种广谱有效及安全的新型抗癫痫药，可作为一线抗癫痫药，使用过程中应注意个人化原则。     

妥泰治疗儿童多发性抽动症临床分析

目的探讨妥泰对儿童多发性抽动症（Ts）的治疗作用及不良反应。方法对确诊TS的46例患儿随机分为治疗组24例和对照组22例，治疗组给予妥泰治疗（1．0～4．0mg／kg．d）；对照组给予氟哌啶醇治疗（0．5～6．0mg／d）。结果妥泰治疗TS的有效率为83．3％，对照组为81．7%，两组有效率比较差异无显著性，两组副作用比较差异有显著性。结论妥泰和氟哌啶醇治疗TS疗效相同，但妥泰较氟哌啶醇副作用明显减少。     

妥泰治疗小儿癫痫157例临床远期疗效观察

目的观察妥泰治疗各种类型癫痫的远期疗效、用药方法、不良反应及2岁以内婴幼儿用药安全性。方法对2001年以来登记并长期随访确认服用妥泰的各类小儿癫痫157例进行临床分析。患者年龄4个月。14岁,其中≤2岁22例。部分性发作112例,全身性发作34例,West综合征7例,Lennox—Gastaut综合征4例。妥泰单药治疗120例,加药治疗42例。妥泰开始量每天0．5—1mg/kg,以后每周增加0．5—1mg/kg,达到3-5mg／kg后,维持此量,酌情调整。结幂146例进入稳定期后发作减少≥50％,无发作128例。服用妥泰1年以上134例中无发作≥24个月56例,20例正在减量,8例停药,无复发。不良反应以中枢神经系统症状（19例）和食欲减退（10例）多见。加量快者不良反应发生率高。结论妥泰对各种类型癫痫均有良好效果,远期疗效显著、稳定。≤2岁婴幼儿疗效明显,安全性良好。妥泰是目前比较理想的抗癫痫药物。     

妥泰加用治疗成人部分性癫痫的疗效观察

目的 观察妥泰（TPM）加用治疗成人部分性癫痫的疗效、安全性及耐受性。方法 30例在原用抗癫痫药（AEDS）的基础上加用TPM治疗20周，前8周为加量期，后12周为稳定期。治疗前（基础期）记录好发作频率、用药情况等作为对照。TPM自25mg/d开始，每周增加25mg,达有效剂量200mg/d后维持治疗量。治疗前及治疗结束各查基础AEDS血药浓度进行比较，观察其疗效及不良反应。结果 TPM加用治疗20周后，与基础期发作频率比较，66．67％患者发作频率降低≥50％；26．67患者发作频率降低≥75％＜100％；16．67％患者完全不发作。不良反应轻至中度，但与合作AEDS的多少有关。TPM对基础AEDS血药浓度影响不大。结论 TPM是治疗成人部分性癫痫的安全有效的药物。     

妥泰单药治疗全身强直—阵挛发作34例临床研究

目的：研究妥泰单药治疗全身强直－阵挛发作癫痫的临床疗效和耐受性。方法：对34例全身强直－阵挛发作患者以妥泰单药治疗24周，以治疗前3月的平均每月癫痫发作频率与单药治疗后9－24周平均每月癫痫发作频率进行比较，并观察脑电图的改变和药物耐受性。结果：单药治疗24周后有20例（58．9％）癫痫发作频率较治疗前减少75％以上，其中9例（26．5％）观察期间停止发作，8例（23．5％）发作频率减少74－50％，总有效率为82．4％，治疗后脑电图有明显改善者占56．5％，与治疗前比较有显著性差异（P＜0．001）。无明显不良反应。结果：妥泰单药治疗全身强直－阵挛发作的总有效率与丙戊酸，苯妥英钠相近，治疗后脑电图有显著性改善。有良好耐受性。为全身强身－阵挛发作单药治疗的有效治疗药物之一。     

妥泰治疗卡马西平治疗疗效不佳的癫痫患儿39例分析

目的探讨新型抗癫痫药物妥泰的抗癫痫作用.方法对39例经卡马西平治疗疗效不佳的癫痫患儿加用妥泰,或改用妥泰单药治疗,随访观察癫痫发作控制情况.结果完全控制10例,显效13例,有效13例,无效3例,总有效率为92.3%,无严重不良反应发生.结论妥泰对卡马西平治疗疗效不佳的癫痫患儿有良好疗效;对部分性发作及全身性发作均有良好疗效;具有良好的安全性.     

妥泰治疗儿童癫痫30例临床分析

目的：观察妥泰治疗儿童癫痫的疗效及不良反应。方法：采用加药和单药治疗的方法，观察30例多种发作类型，不同严重程度癫痫患儿应用妥泰后的临床疗效及不良反应，远期随访2个月以上，记录服用妥泰后的发作及不良反应情况。结果：30例患儿使用妥泰治疗后，46．7％病例发作完全控制，30％病例为有效，40％病例疗效不满意。本组不良反应主要包括食欲降低、嗜睡、兴奋易怒，记忆力下降等。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.