Early administration of abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction improves angiographic and clinical outcome after primary angioplasty.

Adjunctive use of abciximab during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) improves clinical outcome. This study addresses the outcome of patients with AMI treated with abciximab, initiated either before transport to a PCI center (early group) or immediately upon arrival at the catheterization laboratory (late group) for primary PCI. Of 446 consecutive patients with AMI, angiographic data and clinical complications were evaluated up to 6 months after primary PCI. Patients received abciximab before transport (early group; n = 138) or just before the intervention (late group; n = 308). Baseline data, including transport time (45 +/- 15 min; range, 15-60 min), were comparable in both groups. Early reperfusion was more prevalent in the early group (35% vs. late 19%; P < 0.001). Furthermore, a better final TIMI 3 flow was noted in the early group (91% vs. late 83%; P = 0.05). Although mortality reduction attributable to early abciximab treatment could not be demonstrated, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) occurred in 27% in the early group and 36% in the late group (P = 0.05). Revascularization rates were similar, but repeat acute coronary syndromes were less frequent in the early group (11% vs. late group 20%; P = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, cardiogenic shock, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and previously known coronary artery disease were independent predictors of higher MACE rate, whereas early reperfusion and final TIMI 3 flow reduced 6-month MACE rate. Abciximab pretreatment of patients with AMI for primary PCI results in better initial and final TIMI flow and tends to improve 6-month clinical outcome.     

替罗非班应用时机对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的影响

目的观察早期应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊PCI效果的影响。方法将发病12 h急诊PCI的STEMI患者240例随机分为早期组(冠状动脉造影前1～3 h应用替罗非班)和即刻组(冠状动脉造影后即刻应用替罗非班),每组120例。观察2组PCI前后TIMI血流分级和梗死区心肌灌注(TMP)分级,PCI后30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)情况。结果与即刻组比较,早期组PCI前TIMI 3级血流和TMP 3级比例明显升高(30.8% vs 10.8%,33.3% vs 12.5%,P0.05);早期组PCI后TMP 3级明显升高(77.5% vs 51.7%,P0.05)。早期组发生MACE 3例,即刻组4例(2.5% vs 3.3%,P0.05)。结论对STEMI急诊PCI的患者,早期应用替罗非班能改善梗死相关血管的血流及心肌灌注。     

Long‐term mortality after bolus‐only administration of abciximab,eptifibatide, or tirofiban during percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective:

To evaluate the long‐term mortality after bolus‐only administration of abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background:

Studies on platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (GPI) administered as bolus‐only during PCI suggest that this strategy may be similar in efficacy, safer, and more cost‐effective compared to a bolus plus infusion of GPI.

Methods:

We evaluated 864 patients (abciximab = 274, eptifibatide = 361, and tirofiban = 229) who underwent PCI with a bolus‐only regimen during January 2003 to August 2005.

Results:

After a median follow up of four (interquartile range, 3–4.5) years, there were a total of 95 (11%) deaths. The survival rate was 83% in the abciximab group, 91% in the eptifibatide group, and 93% in the tirofiban group (P = 0.003 by log‐rank test). After adjustment for baseline clinical and procedural characteristics using a Cox proportional hazards model, the abciximab group had a significantly higher mortality compared to the eptifibatide group (P = 0.003; Hazard ratio (HR) for eptifibatide compared to abciximab was 0.49 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.30–0.78). The long‐term mortality was not significantly different in the tirofiban group compared to the abciximab group (P = 0.33) or the eptifibatide group (P = 0.20), perhaps because of shorter follow‐up period and fewer patients in the tirofiban group.

Conclusion:

When given as bolus‐only during PCI, eptifibatide may improve long‐term survival compared to abciximab. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Beneficial effect of post-procedural abciximab in patients undergoing primary coronary angioplasty and presenting with the no-reflow phenomenon

We sought to investigate the effect of post-procedural abciximab on clinical outcome of patients presenting the no-reflow phenomenon after primary angioplasty. We retrospectively selected 38 patients who developed the no-reflow phenomenon after primary angioplasty: 18 received post-procedural abciximab, 20 age- and sex-matched patients who did not receive abciximab were considered as concurrent controls. At 6 months follow-up, the clinical course was uneventful in the abciximab group while the composite end-point of major adverse cardiac events occurred in 8 patients (40%) in the control group (P=0.009). ‘Rescue’ administration of abciximab is an effective option for the treatment of the no-reflow phenomenon determining significant prognostic improvements.     

老年急性心肌梗死患者直接冠状动脉介入治疗术后随访分析

目的分析老年急性心肌梗死患者直接PCI术后的危险因素。方法将619例直接行PCI的急性心肌梗死患者,按年龄分为老年组(≥65岁)236例和对照组(<65岁)383例,全部入选患者行PCI术后记录主要不良心脏事件,进行回顾性分析,采用Log-Rank检验进行两组的生存分析,Cox回归分析用于预后多因素分析。结果老年组患者女性比例、左心功能不全、肾功能不全比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高血压、糖尿病、血肌酐水平、LVEF值、无复流、支架的数目是老年组预后的独立危险因素。结论老年AMI患者直接PCI是有效可行的治疗手段。     

The effect of pre-hospital glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors on angiographic outcome in STEMI patients who are candidates for primary PCI

Objectives : Aim of this study was to assess the effect of early initiation of high bolus dose tirofiban on top of dual antiplatelet therapy on angiographic outcome before and after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST‐elevation myocardial infraction patients. Background : Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are effective inhibitors of platelet aggregation, and have shown to reduce thrombotic complications in patients undergoing PCI. Methods : This is a pre‐specified angiographic analysis of the On‐TIME 2 trial (N = 984) and its open label run‐in phase (N = 414). All angiographic parameters, including quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) were performed in an independent angiographic core lab. Results : Of the 1,398 patients, 709 patients (50.7%) were randomized to pre‐hospital tirofiban. An open infarct related vessel (TIMI 2 or 3 flow) at initial angiography was more often present in the tirofiban group as compared to the no tirofiban group (58.3% vs. 49.7%, P = 0.002). Tirofiban also reduced initial thrombus burden (P for trend = 0.035) as well as thrombus grade 5 (46.9% vs. 54.3%, P = 0.016) and showed a trend toward a reduction in large thrombus burden (LTB) (69.4% vs. 74.5%, P = 0.055). After PCI, a trend towards a lower corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) in the tirofiban group was found. A significant interaction was found with time of initiation of study drug, with highest efficacy of tirofiban when given within 76 min after symptom onset, with a significantly lower cTFC after PCI (21.9 ± 17.6 vs. 23.9 ± 18.5, P = 0.008, P for interaction P = 0.006). Conclusion : In patients undergoing primary PCI, pre‐hospital administration of tirofiban reduces initial thrombus burden and improves initial patency of the infarct related vessel before PCI. Initiation of tirofiban seems to be most effective when given very early after the onset of symptoms; however, this finding needs confirmation in other studies. Clinical trial registration : The On‐TIME 2 trial is registered, at http://isrctn.org , number ISRCTN06195297. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Aborted myocardial infarction in intracoronary compared with standard intravenous abciximab administration in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Backgound

Abciximab reduces major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Intracoronary (IC) abciximab bolus application might be more effective than a standard intravenous (IV) bolus. So far the occurrence of aborted MI, a new therapeutic target of effective treatment in STEMI, has not been evaluated in IC versus IV abciximab administration in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.

Methods

To investigate the extent of aborted MI, 154 patients undergoing primary PCI were randomized to either IC (n = 77) or IV (n = 77) bolus abciximab administration with subsequent 12-hour intravenous infusion. For assessment of infarct size and extent of microvascular obstruction, all patients underwent late enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Aborted MI was defined by major (≥ 50%) ST-segment resolution and a lack of subsequent cardiac enzyme rise ≥ 2 the upper normal limit. We also assessed the occurrence of true aborted MI defined as the absence of myocardial necrosis in MRI.

Results

The incidence of aborted MI was significantly higher in the IC group (p = 0.04); true aborted MI was only observed in the IC abciximab group (p = 0.01). At multivariable logistic regression analysis, IC abciximab application was a significant independent predictor of true aborted MI (p = 0.03). Aborted MI patients had an excellent prognosis at 6-month follow-up with no MACE as compared to 24 events in patients with non-aborted MI.

Conclusions

IC bolus application of abciximab in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI results in a higher incidence of aborted MI and subsequent improved clinical outcome.     

Randomised comparison of femoral versus radial approach for percutaneous coronary intervention using abciximab in acute myocardial infarction: results of the FARMI trial

Objective

To compare bleeding complications and results of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between patients treated by radial and femoral approaches for acute myocardial infarction (AMI,) and using abciximab and 5 French guiding‐catheters.

Patients

114 consecutive patients with AMI were prospectively randomised. Exclusion criteria were a history of coronary artery bypass graft, cardiogenic shock, atrioventricular block, and contraindication to abciximab or a negative Allen test. Local haemostasis was achieved by manual compression.

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. Peripheral arterial complication rates and delays to patient ambulation were significantly lower in the radial group than in the femoral group, whereas in‐hospital stay was similar between the two groups. A cross over was more often necessary in the radial group than in the femoral group. Coronary angiography duration and fluoroscopy time were significantly longer in the radial group than in the femoral group, whereas PCI duration was similar in both groups.

Conclusions

The FARMI trial showed that the radial route lowered peripheral arterial complication rates and allowed earlier ambulation, despite no significant benefit on the duration of hospitalisation.     

老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗联合应用替罗非班的安全性分析

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)联合应用替罗非班的安全性。方法150例AMI患者行急诊PCI时联合应用替罗非班。按年龄≥65岁和<65岁将患者分为老年组(40例)和非老年组(110例),分析两组患者出血并发症和血小板减少症的发生情况。并根据是否达到心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)出血标准将患者分为TIMI出血组(10例)和非TIMI出血组(140例),分析出血的相关危险因素。结果老年组达到TIMI出血标准的发生率有高于非老年组的趋势(12.5%vs4.5%,P=0.132)。logistic多因素分析提示仅有术后即刻的活化部分凝血酶原时间值是发生TIMI出血事件的独立危险因素(P=0.013,OR=1.458)。两组血小板减少症发生率无显著差异(0vs2.7%,P=0.565)。结论在≥65岁的老年AMI患者中,急诊PCI联合应用替罗非班是安全的。     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后早期再发心肌梗死的预测及分析

目的分析老年急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后早期再发心肌梗死的预测危险因素。方法连续选取行PCI术的老年急性心肌梗死患者共2 252例,将未发生心肌再梗死的患者2 176例作为无再梗死组,发生早期再发心肌梗死患者76例作为再梗死组,对再发心肌梗死的危险因素进行分析。结果 PCI术后早期再发心肌梗死发生率为3.4%,且以男性为主。与无再梗死组比较,再梗死组糖尿病患病率和入院时血糖水平较高,心功能较差、血管狭窄程度较重,PCI术前、术后TIMI血流分级较差,术后血栓形成和夹层发生率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素回归分析显示,老年、血糖增高、糖尿病、心功能(Killip分级)、多支血管病变和PCI术后血栓及夹层形成与早期再发心肌梗死密切相关。结论高龄、血糖增高、糖尿病、心功能、多支血管病变和PCI术后血栓及夹层形成是早期再梗死的高危因素。针对合并这些因素的高危患者应进行积极有效防治。     

替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗无复流中的应用

目的评价冠状动脉内应用血小板膜糖蛋白(GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班,对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关动脉行直接PCI后无复流现象的效果及对血小板活化功能的影响。方法选择330例急性心肌梗死患者直接行PCI出现无复流者48例,根据其用药情况分为硝酸甘油组(24例)和替罗非班组(24例)。两组均行冠状动脉造影,分别于术前和术后24 h检测血小板GPⅠb、GPⅡb/Ⅲa、GPⅢa。结果与用药前比较,两组术后均能改善冠状动脉血流,硝酸甘油组患者TIMI血流为(1.61±0.38)级vs(1.85±0.42)级(P<0.05),替罗非班组患者TIMI血流为(1.59±0.40)级vs(2.15±0.65)级(P<0.01)。替罗非班组患者术后24 h血小板GPⅠb、GPⅡh/Ⅲa、GPⅢa较术前明显降低(P<0.01)。结论冠状动脉内应用GPⅡb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班较安全。能更有效改善TIMI血流,并能在一定程度上抑制血小板活化。     

Early eptifibatide improves TIMI 3 patency before primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction: results of the randomized integrilin in acute myocardial infarction (INTAMI) pilot trial.

AIMS: Adjunctive therapy with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors has been shown to reduce ischaemic complications and improve clinical outcome in patients with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. Little is known about the use of eptifibatide in this setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and two patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction <12 h scheduled for primary percutaneous intervention were randomly assigned to early eptifibatide given in the emergency room (early) or optional eptifibatide at the time of PCI (late or no). Primary endpoint was the patency of the infarct vessel before PCI. Patients in the early group received their first eptifibatide bolus, a mean of 45 min before angiography. TIMI 3 patency before PCI was observed in 34% in the early group and 10% in late or no group (P=0.01). The incidence of complete ST resolution 1 h after PCI was 61% in early group and 66% in the late or no group, respectively (P=n.s.). There were no significant differences in the rates of TIMI 3 flow after PCI, death, reinfarction, stroke, and major bleeding complications until day 30. CONCLUSION: In this pilot trial, double bolus eptifibatide given in the emergency room improved TIMI 3 grade flow of the infarct-related coronary artery before PCI. These results should be confirmed in a larger trial and whether this advantage translates into an improvement in clinical outcome should be tested in a trial with primary clinical endpoints.     

Feature topic: Clinical use of abciximab: Coronary artery stenting for suboptimal PTCA results in acute myocardial infarction in patients treated with abciximab: Early and six-month outcome

Emergent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is an effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction. However, occasionally results of angioplasty are suboptimal due to coronary dissection or elastic recoil, leading to a high chance of recurrent ischemia. Coronary stents are occasionally employed in such settings, but a high incidence of stent thrombosis was noted by early investigators when stents were placed into areas of active thrombus formation. Since coronary thrombosis and stent thrombosis are both initiated by platelets, the potent antiplatelet agent abciximab might be useful in preventing stent thrombosis. Little information is available concerning early outcome or 6-month clinical event rate when coronary artery stents are placed for suboptimal angioplasty results for acute myocardial infarction in patients given abciximab. We deployed 75 stents as part of angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction in 40 patients given abciximab. All patients had suboptimal angioplasty results leading to stent deployment. Each obtained normal flow angiographically and no stent thrombosis or acute closure was observed. Early mortality occurred in 1 patient. All patients were followed at least 6 months, and no patient died after hospital discharge. Three patients experienced recurrent ischemic events within the first 6 months. Two of these events were due to infarct vessel restenosis. We conclude the combined use of coronary artery stents and abciximab for suboptimal PTCA results during acute myocardial infarction is associated with a low incidence of culprit vessel recurrent ischemic events within 6 months of intervention. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:173–179, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

血栓抽吸导管在直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用对比研究

目的对比应用Diver和Zeek手动血栓抽吸导管在直接PCI中的临床效果。方法回顾性分析行直接PCI前使用Diver和Zeek抽吸导管的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者176例。分为Diver抽吸导管组(Diver组)88例,Zeek抽吸导管组(Zeek组)88例。观察2组患者术中吸出血栓情况及术后组织灌注、TIMI血流、心肌酶及临床主要不良心血管事件变化。结果 Zeek组术中抽出直径≥1 mm血栓比例明显高于Diver组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而术中应用替罗非班比例明显低于Diver组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与应用抽吸导管前比较,应用抽吸导管后2组患者血栓积分、TIMI 1级血流比例明显降低;TIMI 3级血流、心肌灌注分级(MBG)及TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMP)明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同的抽吸导管是直接PCI术中抽出直径≥1 mm血栓的独立影响因素;MBG 0～1级、TMP 0～1级、吸烟、左前降支病变及术前TIMI 0级是术后ST段回落的独立影响因素。结论 2种血栓抽吸导管均能有效改善直接PCI术后TIMI血流及心肌组织灌注,降低血栓负荷。但对直接PCI短期预后的影响元明显差异。     

Radial access for primary PTCA in patients with acute myocardial infarction and contraindication to or impossible femoral access

We report two cases of acute myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in which femoral arterial access was either contraindicated or impossible. In both, emergency PTCA was successfully performed via the left radial artery, including stent implantation in one patient, without entry site complication. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

急性心肌梗死直接PTCA后早期ST段改变及其临床意义

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AM I）行直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）+支架术后心电图早期ST段回落幅度与左心室结构、功能的关系。方法首次患AM I并接受直接PTCA的患者32例。比较PTCA术前和术后1 hST段抬高的高度,按ST段下移>50%及ST段下移<50%,分别分为A组（21例）和B组（11例）。所有患者于术后4周进行临床评估和二维彩色多普勒超声心动图检查。结果随访期间两组患者均未发生死亡,A组心功能ⅢⅣ级2例,B组心功能ⅢⅣ级5例（P<0.05）。4周后A组左心室射血分数（LVEF）、收缩末容积指数（LVESVI）、舒张末容积指数（LVEDVI）和全心室壁运动指数（GWMSI）均显著优于B组（P<0.05）;梗死区室壁运动指数（RWMSI）在两组间无显著性差异。结论成功的直接PTCA后ST段的早期回落是反映心肌组织再灌注的简便可靠的指标,ST段回落>50%者的心脏功能、室壁运动及左心室重构情况明显优于ST段回落<50%者。     

早期应用替罗非班对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者冠状动脉支架植入术后心肌血流再灌注的影响

目的探讨早期应用血小板膜糖蛋白（glycoprotein,GP）Ⅱb/Ⅲa拮抗剂替罗非班对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者（ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）冠状动脉介入术后心肌血流再灌注的影响。 方法选取2009-2014年在第三军医大学西南医院老年病科就诊且为首发急性心肌梗死需急诊行冠状动脉支架植入术的52例STEMI患者,其中入院30 min内应用替罗非班治疗的患者纳入早期给药组（26例）,入院30 min后应用替罗非班治疗的患者纳入为晚期给药组（26例）,观察两组患者术前及球囊扩张后血流再灌注情况（TIMI血流分级和心肌呈色分级）、90 min ST段回落百分比,以及心血管不良事件（如30 d死亡、再发心肌梗死和因心肌梗死再住院等）的发生情况。组间比较采用t检验,率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果术前早期给药组TIMI 3级血流患者比例明显高于晚期给药组（23.1%、3.8%）,心肌呈色分级达3级者比例亦明显高于晚期给药组（34.6%、11.5%）,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=4.13、3.90,均P<0.05）;球囊扩张术后两组患者TIMI 3级血流和心肌呈色分级达3级者的比例均无明显差异（92.3%、88.5%,69.2%、65.4%;χ²=0.22、0.09,均P>0.05）。与晚期给药组比较,早期给药组90 min ST段回落百分比明显提高（88.5%、76.9%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=1.21,P<0.05）;而且早期给药组的手术时间明显缩短[（15±7）、（19±8）min],差异有统计学意义（t=1.68,P<0.05）。两组患者均无30 d死亡、再发梗死及大出血等心血管不良事件发生,早期给药组仅2例发生小出血,晚期组仅1例再住院、2例发生小出血,两组患者出院后心血管不良事件发生率的差异无统计学意义（7.7%、11.5%;χ²=0.22,P>0.05）。 结论早期应用替罗非班可显著改善老年急性STEMI患者冠状动脉支架植入术后心肌血流的再灌注,且并未增加出血、死亡等临床不良事件的发生风险。     

Time delay in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI): a comparison of primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with thrombolysis

Abstract Background: If primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) cannot be performed within times comparable to thrombolysis, the possible advantages of that management may be offset by the logistic difficulties associated with its delivery.
Aim: To measure and compare the time delay involved in administration of thrombolysis and primary PTCA over a one year period and examine causes for delay greater than 60 minutes.
Method: Prospective data collection on all patients treated with primary PTCA or thrombolysis. A quality improvement process was applied.
Results: Eighty-five patients were treated with thrombolysis with a delay of 39±8 (SD) minutes, 12 patients being treated more than 60 minutes after presentation. Primary PTCA was used in 79 patients with a delay of 48±12 (SD) minutes, 21 patients being treated after more than 60 minutes. Time delays in the two management groups were significantly different (p=0.03) but that in primary PTCA during routine hours was not significantly different from that in thrombolysis treated patients (p=0.07). Causes for revascularisation delay greater than 60 minutes from presentation are discussed.
Conclusions: With appropriate facilities and organisation, patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting within normal working hours can be treated with primary PTCA without compromising their care due to time delay. Many patients managed with primary revascularisation by thrombolysis or primary PTCA with a delay of more than 60 minutes have identifiable clinically appropriate delays.     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌灌注评价方法的研究

目的　应用TMP ,CTFC ,maxSTE及sumSTR方法评价急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌组织灌注并探讨其与临床预后的关系。方法　6 5例AMI急诊介入治疗后即刻采用TMP、CTFC及心电图(maxSTE ,sumSTR)方法评价心肌组织灌注,记录6个月心脏事件。结果　与双核素心肌灌注显像对比,检验每种评价方法的敏感性、特异性、准确性;maxSTE敏感性80 % ,特异性85. 7% ,准确性83 .1 % ;TMP敏感性73 3% ,特异性80 % ,准确性76 . 9% ;而CTFC( 4 0 ) ,CTFC( 30 ) ,sumSTR30 %和sum STR( 50 )预测价值较低。多变量回归分析显示TMP 0. 1级、maxSTE高危为6个月心脏事件的独立危险因子。结论　TMP ,maxSTE方法可以较好地评价心肌灌注程度,并对6个月临床预后有较好的预测价值。