高血压及左心室肥厚患者的心肺运动功能

目的 评估高血压及伴左心室肥厚(LVH)患者心肺运动功能改变并探讨LVH对心脏贮备功能的影响.方法 对70例原发性高血压(EH)患者根据超声心动图测定的左心室质量指数(LVMI)分为LVH组和非LVH组,选健康体检者为对照组.应用内置同步12导联心电图的运动心肺功能仪测定和比较各组在分级递增运动后达无氧阈(AT)和最大摄氧量(VO2max)时的代谢当量(METs),摄氧量(VO2),公斤体重摄氧量(VO2/kg),和每搏摄氧量(VO2/HR).结果 (1)在达AT值时,EH并LVH组和非LVH组METs和VO2/kg均低于对照组[METs:3.57±0.8和4.34±1.47比5.21±1.45,P<0.01;VO2/kg:(12.38±2.85)ml·min-1·kg-1和(14.42±4.33)ml·min-1·kg-1比(18.48±4.52)ml·min-1·kg-1,P<0.01],EH并LVH组的降低较非LVH组差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)在VO2max时,EH并LVH组和非LVH组METs和VO2/kg均低于对照组[METs:4.94±1.24和5.90±1.51比6.96±1.85;VO2/kg:(17.20±4.34)ml·min-1·kg-1和(20.41±4.59)ml·min-1·kg-1比(24.04±5.21)ml·min-1·kg-1,P均<0.01],EH并LVH组的降低较非LVH组差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05).(3)经相关分析显示,EH并LVH组LVMI与VO2/kg呈显著负相关(在AT值R=-0.40,在VO2max值R=-0.31,P<0.01).结论 EH患者心肺运动指标METs和VO2/kg降低,运动耐量受损,并与LVMI增高相关.提示EH患者心脏贮备功能下降.     

摄氧效率与慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者运动耐力的相关性

目的 探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者的摄氧效率特点,并分析其对于慢阻肺患者运动耐力的影响.方法 选择2009年8月至2012年8月在上海市肺科医院呼吸科就诊的慢阻肺稳定期患者59例,其中男53例,女6例;年龄42 ～80岁,平均(62±9)岁;按照病情严重程度再分为Ⅰ级组15例、Ⅱ级组16例、Ⅲ级组19例、Ⅳ级组9例.同年龄段健康志愿者29名为对照组.对所有受试者进行常规肺功能检测及斜坡式功率递增症状限制性心肺运动试验,采用逐次呼吸法对呼吸交换参数进行收集和分析.计数资料用构成比表示,两组间比较采用t检验和x2检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,相关分析采用Pearson相关性检验.结果 慢阻肺组摄氧效率斜率(OUES)和摄氧效率平台(OUEP)[(1.9 ±0.3) L· min-1·lg(L·min-1)-1和(31 ±5) ml/L]均显著低于对照组[(2.2±0.4) L·min-1 ·lg(L· min-1)-1和(35 ±4) ml/L],差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为4.57和3.39,均P＜0.01);Ⅰ级组OUES、OUEP和无氧阈时的摄氧效率[(2.09±0.31)L·min-1·lg(L·min-1)-1、(34±5)和(34±5)ml/L]与对照组[(2.23 ±0.39)L·min-1·lg(L·min-1)-1、(35±4)和(34 ±4) ml/L]的差异无统计学意义(t值为0.36 ～ 1.49,均P＞0.05);Ⅱ～Ⅳ级组OUES[(2.05 ±0.26)、(1.76±0.28)和(1.63 ±0.19)L·min-1·lg(L·min-1)-1-]均显著低于对照组[(2.23±0.39) L· min-1·lg(L· min-1)-1],差异均有统计学意义(t值为2.42～5.26,均P＜0.05);Ⅱ～Ⅲ级组OUEP和无氧阈时的摄氧效率[(31±4)和(31±5)ml/L、(29 ±5)和(29 ±5) ml/L]均显著低于对照组[(35±4)和(34 ±4) ml/L],差异均有统计学意义(t值为2.18～4.83,均P＜0.05);慢阻肺组OUES、OUEP和无氧阈时的摄氧效率与运动耐力(峰值摄氧量占预计值％)均呈正相关(r值为0.500 ～0.625,均P＜0.01).结论 慢阻肺患者的摄氧效率显著低于健康人,且与患者的运动耐力呈显著正相关.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动能力与通气效率的相关性分析

目的:通过分析二氧化碳通气当量和运动能力的关系,探讨稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者运动中通气效率与最大运动能力的相关性。方法:选取54例稳定期COPD患者,行运动心肺功能测试,实时监测摄氧量(VO2)、分钟通气量(VE)和二氧化碳排出量(VCO2),根据公式:EqCO2=VE/VCO2计算得出静态二氧化碳通气当量(EqCO2rest)、无氧阈时二氧化碳通气当量(EqCO2at)和最大运动状态下的二氧化碳通气当量(EqCO2max)。结果:1.EqCO2rest、EqCO2at及EqCO2max呈递减趋势,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。2.EqCO2at与最大摄氧量(VO2max)(r=-0.294,P<0.05)、EqCO2max与VO2max(r=-0.301,P<0.05)均呈负相关;EqCO2rest与最大摄氧量占预计值的百分比(VO2max/Pred)呈负相关(r=-0.345,P<0.05)。3.肺功能GOLD 3级患者(21例)的VO2max(15.99±3.39)mL·min-1·kg-1明显低于GOLD 2级患者(25例)的VO2max[(18.88±5.36)mL·min-1·kg-1,P=0.038]。两组的EqCO2rest、EqCO2at及EqCO2max差异无统计学意义。结论:稳定期COPD患者运动中通气效率呈进行性下降趋势,这可能是导致其运动能力下降的重要因素之一。     

心脏康复对冠心病患者心肺耐力改善率的影响

目的 探讨以运动康复为核心的心脏康复方案对稳定性冠心病患者无氧阈和峰值摄氧量等运动耐力指标改善率的影响。方法 选择2018年6月至2021年8月间在北京市海淀医院临床诊断为稳定性冠心病患者89例,按患者意愿分为对照组（n=24）和心脏康复组（n=65）。对照组患者进行冠心病标准治疗,心脏康复组患者进行12周心脏康复,由专业康复医护人员负责指导和随访观察12周。入组时及治疗12周后分别评估患者症状限制性的心肺运动试验（CPET）指标。结果 组间比较,治疗前心脏康复组摄氧效率斜率百分比（83.29±16.57 vs. 72.33±11.98）显著高于对照组（p<0.05）。治疗后心脏康复组无氧阈摄氧量（1010.78±228.52 vs. 895.42±210.89ml/min）、峰值摄氧量（1635.09±417.59 vs. 1528.92±376.95ml/min）以及摄氧效率斜率百分比（86.57±15.61 vs. 71.44±11.16）均高于对照组,并且差异有统计学意义（p<0.05）。改善率方面心脏康复组治疗后无氧阈摄氧量（5.10±11.75 vs.-1.32...     

原发性醛固酮增多症患者基础心肺适能的临床特点分析

目的 探讨原发性醛固酮增多症(PA)患者基础心肺适能的临床特点.方法 选取2017年5月～2019年9月就诊于我院心脏康复科的PA患者(PA组)及原发性高血压(EH)患者(EH组)各50例.采用心肺运动试验(CPET)获取峰值摄氧量(VO2peak)、无氧阈摄氧量(VO2AT)、二氧化碳通气当量斜率(VE/VCO2 s...     

弹力带抗阻练习结合呼吸训练对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肺功能及运动耐力的效果分析

目的探讨弹力带抗阻练习结合呼吸训练对提高经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后患者心肺功能及运动耐力的影响。方法选择2016年7月至2016年8月解放军总医院心血管内科常规复诊的PCI术后患者77例,所有患者均接受弹力带抗阻训练,将患者分为弹力带抗阻练习结合呼吸训练组(呼吸训练组)41例和常规弹力带抗阻训练组(对照组)36例,进行为期16周的规律康复训练,每周3次,隔日1次。比较2组训练前后心肺运动相关指标变化。采用SPSS 16.0统计软件对数据进行分析,根据数据类型,组间比较采用t检验或卡方检验。结果呼吸训练组患者锻炼后与锻炼前比较,最大运动负荷(Metsmax)、最大摄氧量(VO2max)、最大公斤摄氧(VO2/kgmax)显著升高(P0.01),Borg劳累度评估量表(Borg)评分显著降低(P0.01),最大氧脉搏(VO2max/HR)明显升高(P0.05);对照组患者锻炼后最大心率(HRmax)及无氧阈心率(HRAT)明显低于锻炼前,差异有统计学意义;2组比较,呼吸训练组患者锻炼后Metsmax[(6.03±1.63)vs(5.20±1.21)METs]、VO2/kgmax[(21.08±5.72)vs(18.12±4.29)ml/(kg·min)]及无氧阈公斤摄氧(VO2/kgAT)[(16.10±4.80)vs(14.49±4.46)ml/(kg·min)]显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。呼吸训练组锻炼后与锻炼前比较,二氧化碳通气当量(VE/VCO2)显著降低,第1秒用力呼气末容积(FEV1)及最大通气量(MVV)显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);对照组锻炼后VE/VCO2较锻炼前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组比较,呼吸训练组锻炼后FEV1[(5.42±1.72)vs(2.42±0.85)L]及MVV[(111.24±9.50)vs(95.80±6.23)L]显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论与常规弹力带抗阻练习比较,弹力带抗阻练习结合呼吸训练更能有效提高PCI术后患者运动耐力并改善心肺功能。     

冠心病患者心肺功能指标测定的临床意义

目的:观察心肺运动试验中的氧摄取动力学、无氧阈及心肺储备功能指标对冠心病的诊断价值。方法:对68例胸痛患者行心肺运动试验,彩色心超测定左室射血分数(LVEF),及冠心病造影,根据冠脉造影结果分成非冠心病组、冠心病组,进行组间二氧化碳呼吸当量、氧摄取动力学及无氧阈、LVEF等的比较。结果:与非冠心病组相比,冠心病组中的VO2peak[(20.67±6.01)vs(26.63±4.51)ml/kg/min,P0.001]、VCO2[(1.34±0.52)vs(1.72±0.49)l/min,P0.01]、AT[(1.21±0.36)vs(1.48±0.32)l/min,P0.01]、O2pulse peak[(10.39±3.04)vs(12.33±2.53)ml/beat,P0.01]、VT[(1.37±0.43)vs(1.56±0.32)L,P0.05]、VE/VCO2@AT[(31.18±4.79)vs(28.88±4.04),P0.05]都有显著性差异。结论:冠心病与非冠心病患者在VO2peak、AT、O2pulse peak等心肺运动的相关指标存在一定的差异。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者运动心肺功能的研究

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者运动心肺功能的改变及其可能机制。方法OSAHS患者30例为试验组,健康男性18名为对照组。受试者进行心肺运动试验(CPET),测定最大摄氧量占预计值百分比(.Vo2m ax占预计值%)、摄氧量功率比值(.VO2/WR)、氧脉搏占预计值百分比(.Vo2/HRm ax占预计值%)、无氧阈与最大摄氧量比值(AT/.Vo2m ax)、二氧化碳通气当量(.VE/.VCO2)及呼吸储备(V.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动高峰时肺内气体交换对运动能力的影响

目的 探讨COPD患者在运动高峰时肺内气体交换对最大运动能力的影响.方法 对42例男性稳定期COPD患者及26例健康男性进行功率递增至症状自限的踏车运动,同步实时测定摄氧量和二氧化碳产生量,在运动高峰时抽取桡动脉血,测定并计算PaO2、PaCO2、死腔容积与潮气容积比值(VD/VT)和P(A-a)O2.分别对两组资料进行正态性检验,符合正态分布的资料以x-±s表示,两组间比较采用独立样本t检验,最大摄氧量与运动高峰时的血气参数进行相关因素分析.结果 COPD组的最大摄氧量[(16±4)ml·kg-1·min-1]明显低于对照组[(19±6)ml·kg-1·min-1];PaCO2[(43±3)mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa]、VD/VT(0.35±0.11)和P(A-a)O2[(33±11)mm Hg]均明显高于对照组[(40±5)mm Hg、0.27±0.08和(15±7)mm Hg];最大摄氧量与VD/VT呈显著负相关(r=-0.734,P＜0.01).结论 VD/VT增加导致通气效率降低,这是引起COPD患者运动能力减低的一个重要原因.     

稳定期重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病吸烟与不吸烟患者运动心肺功能的对比研究

目的 通过比较吸烟组、戒烟组及未吸烟组稳定期重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的相关肺功能指标及心肺运动试验结果,探讨吸烟对COPD患者运动心肺功能的影响.方法 将121例处于稳定期的重度COPD男性患者分为三组:吸烟组(n=47例),戒烟组(戒烟时间≥6月,n=46例)及未吸烟组(n =28例),并分别进行常规肺功能检测(pulmonary function test,PFT)及心肺运动试验(cardiopulmonary exercise testing,CPET),测定相关肺通气功能参数、心肺运动功能参数,并将三组间数据进行方差分析.结果 ①三组的PFT测定结果显示,FEV1、FEV1％ pred、FEV1/FVC、TLC、DLCO三组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而吸烟组的IC值[(1.43±0.5)L]显著低于戒烟组[(1.51±0.6)L]与未吸烟组[(1.64±0.6)L](P＜0.05),吸烟组的RV、RV/TLC[(4.43±1.5)L,(57.2±9.8)％]显著低于戒烟组[(4.1±1.3)L,(54.3±7.6)％]与未吸烟组[(3.4±1.2)L,(51.5±7.9)％](P＜0.05);②CPET测定结果显示,三组间peak Load差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),吸烟组的(V)O2/kg、peak(V)E、dO2/dW1、peak O2 pulse、VD/VT[(15.4±4.6)ml·min-1·kg-1,(33.1±7.6) L/min,(8.1±0.8)ml· min-1·watt-1·(8.0±2.4)ml/beat,(39.4±7.0)％]与戒烟组[(17.2±4.8)ml·min-1·kg-1,(34.3±79.1)L/min,(8.7±0.7)ml·min-1·Watt-1,(9.8±2.7)ml/beat,(35.1±6.7)％]、未吸烟组[(18.7±4.0) ml· min-1 ·kg-1,(38.6±7.7)L/min,(9.1±1.5) ml·min-1·watt-1,(10.8±2.7)ml/beat,(32.4±6.1)％]比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);吸烟组的peak(V)O2、peak(V)O2％ pred、lowest(V)E/(V) CO2[(876.6±384.3)ml/min,(54.3±15.6)％,(32.5±3.2)]与戒烟组[(1 086.9±305.1) ml/min,(63.4±18.4)％.(30.3±3.4)]、未吸烟组[(1 299.5±284.8) ml/min,(71.1±17.6)％,(28.8±2.9)]间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);③吸烟指数与IC、TLC、peak(V)O2、peak(V)O2/Kg、peak(V)E呈负相关(P＜0.01);与peak(V)O2、peak (V)E、lowest(V)E/(V) CO2、VD/VT呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 吸烟能明显影响COPD患者运动心肺功能,降低运动耐量,且其影响程度与吸烟量的多少相关.戒烟对于COPD患者仍有较大意义.     

Cardiopulmonary stress: control of the function of frequency variable pacemaker systems

Based on the linear relationship between cardiac output and oxygen uptake direct breath-to-breath gas exchange measurements during exercise allow accurate determinations of cardiopulmonary function. We used cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess the physiologic benefit of rate response VVIR pacing in 17 patients with chronotropic incompetence. 13 patients had an activity-rate-response pacemaker, two patients had a temperature-controlled pacemaker and two patients a respiratory-dependent system. Exercise testing was performed with the pacemaker, either programmed to fixed rate VVI or to rate variable VVIR pacing. All patients were exercised on a bicycle using a ramp protocol with 10 to 20 watts/min increments. Maximal oxygen uptake and the anaerobic threshold were determined. Compared with findings in the VVI mode, rate response VVIR pacing increased maximal exercise heart rate from 74 +/- 10 to 118 +/- 21 bpm (p less than 0.001). This increase in heart rate was associated with an increase of maximal oxygen uptake from 14.3 +/- 5 to 18.3 +/- 6 ml/kg per min (p less than 0.04) and a delay of the anaerobic threshold to a higher oxygen consumption of 14.6 +/- 5 vs 10.6 +/- 5 ml/kg per min (p less than 0.04). The individual increase in oxygen uptake was a direct function of the change in exercise heart rate independent of the implanted pacing device. The improved aerobic capacity resulted in a 17% increase in exercise tolerance and a 19% increase of exercise time. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing appears to be a useful noninvasive technique to quantify the cardiopulmonary benefit of rate response pacing.     

轻中度哮喘患者提高运动耐量可行性研究

目的 比较同等日常运动水平的轻、中度哮喘患者与健康志愿者的运动心肺功能;探讨静息深吸气量与大运动功率的关系。方法 轻、中度哮喘患者１９例和健康志愿者１９例接受了运动心肺功能试验。试验采用负荷递增运动方案,运动前测一秒钟用力呼气容积（ＦＥＶ１）、深吸气量（ＩＣ）,运动后监测ＦＥＶ１。运动中监测心率、氧耗量（ＶＯ２）、每分钟通气量（ＶＥ）、氧脉搏（Ｏ２－ｐｕｌｓｅ）、呼吸频率等。结果 哮喘患者运动后Ｆ     

Early recovery of oxygen kinetics after submaximal exercise test predicts functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Oxygen (O2) uptake at peak exercise (VO2 peak) is an objective measurement of functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The significance of recovery O2 kinetics parameters in predicting exercise capacity, and the parameters of submaximal exercise testing have not been thoroughly examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-six patients (mean age = 48+/-14 years) with CHF and New York Heart Association functional class I, II, or III, and eight healthy volunteers (mean age = 39+/-13 years) were studied with maximal and submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). The first degree slope of O2 uptake decay during early recovery from maximal (VO2/t-slope), and submaximal exercise (VO2/t-slope)(sub), were calculated, along with VO2 half-time (T(1/2)VO2). Patients with CHF had a longer recovery of O2 uptake after exercise than healthy volunteers, expressed by a lower VO2/t-slope (0.616+/-0.317 vs. 0.956+/-0.347 l min(-1) min(-1), P=0.029) and greater T(1/2)VO2 (1.28+/-0.30 vs. 1.05+/-0.15 min, P = 0.005). VO2/t-slope correlated with the VO2 peak (r = 0.84, P<0.001), anaerobic threshold (r = 0.79, P<0.001), and T(1/2)VO2, a previously established estimate of recovery O2 kinetics (r = -0.59, P<0.001). (VO2/t-slope)(sub) was highly correlated with VO2/t-slope after maximal exercise (r=0.87, P<0.001), with the VO2 peak (r=0.87, P<0.001) and with T(1/2)VO2 after maximal exercise (r=-0.62, P<0.001). VO2/t-slope after maximal and submaximal exercise was reduced in patients with severe exercise intolerance (F=9.3, P<0.001 and F=12.8, P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Early recovery O2 kinetics parameters after maximal and submaximal exercise correlate closely with established indices of exercise capacity in patients with CHF and in healthy volunteers. These findings support the use of early recovery O2 kinetics after submaximal exercise testing as an index of functional capacity in patients with CHF.     

Oxygen uptake efficiency slope: an index of exercise performance and cardiopulmonary reserve requiring only submaximal exercise

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate, in adults, the efficacy of the Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope (OUES), an index of cardiopulmonary functional reserve that can be based upon a submaximal exercise effort. BACKGROUND: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2,max), the most reliable measure of exercise capacity, is seldom attained in standard exercise testing. The OUES, which relates oxygen uptake to total ventilation during exercise, was proposed by Baba and coworkers (7) in a study of pediatric cardiac patients. They felt this submaximal index of cardiopulmonary reserve might be more practical than VO2max and more appropriate than the commonly used peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak). METHODS: Treadmill exercise tests with simultaneous respiratory gas measurement were performed in 998 older subjects free of clinically recognized cardiovascular disease and 12 male patients with congestive heart failure. During incremental exercise, oxygen uptake was plotted against the logarithm of total ventilation, and the OUES was determined. RESULTS: The OUES, when calculated only from the first 75% of the exercise test, differed by 1.9% from the OUES calculated from 100% of exercise time in subjects with a peak respiratory exchange rate > or =1.10. On serial tests the OUES was less variable than exercise duration or VO2 peak. It correlated strongly with VO2max, with forced expiratory volume in 1 s and negatively with a history of current smoking. The OUES declined linearly with age in both women and men. A small sample of patients with congestive heart failure had OUES values much lower than those of older subjects without cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS: The OUES is an objective, reproducible measure of cardiopulmonary reserve that does not require a maximal exercise effort. It integrates cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and respiratory function into a single index that is largely influenced by pulmonary dead space ventilation and exercise-induced lactic acidosis.     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者运动心肺功能的变化

目的通过检测肥厚型梗阻性心肌病（HOCM）患者的运动功能状态,探讨HOCM患者运动受限机制,并对经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术（PTSMA）的治疗效果进行客观评价。方法选85例HOCM患者做心肺运动功能试验,测最大摄氧量、最大运动负荷、氧脉搏占预计值百分比、无氧阈占预计最大摄氧量百分比及通气当量。从85例HOCM患者中选20例行PTSMA治疗的患者,行PTSMA术前及术后1～3个月、6～12个月重复进行心肺运动功能试验,测量上述指标。结果85例患者均顺利完成了运动试验,无严重并发症发生。无论NYHA心功能分级如何,患者最大摄氧量、最大运动负荷、氧脉搏占预计值百分比,无氧阈占预计最大摄氧量百分比均明显低于健康对照组,通气当量高于健康对照组。其中20例行PTSMA治疗的患者,在治疗后1～3个月复测心肺运动功能试验,运动时间明显延长,心肺运动功能试验各项指标均较治疗前有所增加,6～12个月后再次行心肺运动功能试验,各项指标未进一步改善。结论HOCM患者存在对运动的异常反应,普遍存在运动受限。PTSMA是对药物治疗效果不佳的HOCM患者有效的治疗手段,其远期效果有待进一步观察。     

The prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm among US Army recruits and its effects on physical performance

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) and to determine its effect on the physical performance response to training in otherwise healthy young adults. DESIGN: Observational, retrospective study. SETTING: Fort Jackson, SC, May to July 1998. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty-seven ethnically diverse US Army recruits undergoing an 8-week Army basic training course. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Subjects underwent exercise challenge testing at the end of basic training to evaluate for EIB (defined as a decrease in FEV(1) of > or = 15%, 1 or 10 min after running to peak oxygen uptake on a treadmill). Those subjects who were unable to run to peak oxygen uptake, or who were unable to perform two baseline FEV(1) maneuvers the results of which were within 5% of each other, were excluded from analysis. We measured peak oxygen uptake on a treadmill and the scores achieved on the components of the US Army physical fitness test (APFT). Of 137 subjects, 121 (58 men and 63 women) met our inclusion criteria. Eight subjects (7%) had EIB. Subjects who experienced EIB and unaffected control subjects both showed statistically significant gains in performance on the APFT events during basic training. At the end of basic training, peak oxygen uptake levels and APFT event scores were not significantly different between subjects with EIB and unaffected control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Seven percent of the US Army recruits who were tested had EIB, but this did not hinder their physical performance gains during basic training. EIB per se should not be an absolute reason to exclude individuals from employment in jobs with heavy physical demands.     

心肺运动试验和血流动力学评估特发性肺动脉高压患者预后的作用

目的 通过研究患者的心肺运动试验和血流动力学特点,探索其预测特发性肺动脉高压(IPAH)临床预后方面的意义.方法 收集2012年3月至2014年3月入住上海市肺科医院并明确诊断的IPAH患者.经筛选一共纳入64例患者,所有患者均进行6分钟步行距离、肺功能、心肺运动功能、血流动力学等相关检查,并进行随访.对研究人群的基线水平进行分析.结果 平均随访时间(29.1±15.4)个月,其中20例患者发生了临床恶化事件.与未发生临床事件(non-CW)人群相比,发生恶化事件组(CW)的无氧阈时摄氧量(VO2 at AT)、峰值摄氧量(Peak VO2)、峰值氧脉搏(Peak O2pulse)显著降低,无氧阈时二氧化碳当量(VE/VCO2 at AT)明显升高.CW组的平均肺动脉压(mPAP)、肺血管阻力(PVR)明显高于non-CW组(P<0.01),心输出量(CO)、心指数(CI)明显低于non-CW组(均P<0.01).在心肺运动试验参数中,Peak VO2(HR 0.702,95%CI 0.598～0.823,P<0.000 1)和无氧阈时的VE/VCO2at AT(HR 1.040,95%CI 1.017～1.064,P<0.001)是预测发生临床恶化事件的显著相关因素.在血流动力学中,mPAP(HR 1.046,95%CI 1.017～1.077;P=0.002),CO(HR 0.401,95%CI 0.227～0.701;P=0.002)和CI (HR 0.231,95%CI 0.099～0.541;P<0.001)均是临床恶化事件发生的影响因素.多因素回归模型中显示Peak VO2、VE/VCO2at AT、CI是研究人群发生临床恶化事件的独立预测因素.结论 Peak VO2、VE/VCO2at AT、静息CI对预测IPAH患者的临床预后具有重要意义.     

Exercise tolerance in obese vs. lean adolescents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

To prescribe feasible and medically safe exercise interventions for obese adolescents, it remains to be determined whether exercise tolerance is altered and whether anomalous cardiopulmonary responses during maximal exercise testing are present. Studies that examined cardiopulmonary responses to maximal exercise testing in obese adolescents were searched: cardiopulmonary exercise tests with respiratory gas exchange measurements of peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak) were performed and comparisons between obese and lean adolescents were made. Study quality was assessed using a standardized item list. By meta‐analyses VO_2peak, peak cycling power output (W_peak) and peak heart rate (HR_peak) were compared between groups. Nine articles were selected (333 obese vs. 145 lean adolescents). VO_2peak (L min^?1), HR_peak and W_peak were not different between groups (P ≥ 0.10), while a trend was found for a reduced VO_2peak (mL min^?1 kg^?1 lean tissue mass) (P = 0.07) in obese vs. lean adolescents. It remained uncertain whether anomalous cardiopulmonary responses occur during maximal exercise testing in obese adolescents. In conclusion, a trend was found for lowered VO_2peak (mL min^?1 kg^?1 lean tissue mass) in obese vs. lean adolescents. Whether cardiopulmonary anomalies during maximal exercise testing would occur in obese adolescents remains uncertain. Studies are therefore warranted to examine the cardiopulmonary response during maximal exercise testing in obese adolescents.     

Development of adaptation of the cardiovascular system in rehabilitation phase III in patients with acute myocardial infarct

In 30 men with proven myocardial infarction we performed a complex examination of cardiopulmonary capacity at the beginning (about 8 weeks after myocardial infarction) and at the end of rehabilitation phase III (5-6 months after infarction). Of these patients the results from microcatheterization at rest and during exercise are present. In addition we determined the relative quotient of effort (kpm/kg), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and maximum oxygen pulse (max O2 pulse). For the majority of the patients the parameters given suggested a significant improvement in the physical capacity after termination of rehabilitation. The improvements also concerned the functional capacity of the heart muscle, its increase in contractility during exercise. Conclusions are drawn about the selection of the patients for physical performance.     

心肺运动试验参数预测慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压患者心输出量的性别差异性

目的:探究心肺运动试验(CPET)参数评估慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)患者心输出量的性别差异性特征。方法:回顾性纳入了来自2010年5月至2016年2月上海市肺科医院肺循环科初次住院治疗的73例成年CTEPH患者(男32例,女41例),以是否发生临床恶化事件为标准进行亚组分析。所有患者均进行了CPET及右心导管检查。多元线性回归分析心输出量降低的独立预测因素。结果:女性CTEPH患者较男性患者年轻( P<0.05),其他一般资料与血流动力学参数在两性患者中的差异无统计学意义。男性患者较女性有较高的无氧域点氧脉搏、峰值分钟通气量和无氧域点呼气末氧分压、峰值氧脉搏和无氧域点分钟通气量以及二氧化碳通气当量最低点( P值均<0.05),而女性患者的摄氧效率平台较高( P<0.05)。在亚组分析中,男性患者的CPET参数在有恶化事件组和无恶化事件组中差异无统计学意义,而峰值摄氧量在女性患者有恶化事件组中显著降低( P<0.05)。此外,与男性有恶化事件组比较,女性有恶化事件组的峰值摄氧量、无氧域点分钟通气量和峰值分钟通气量相对较低( P值均<0.05)。二氧化碳通气当量最低点和峰值呼气末氧分压分别是预测男性和女性CTEPH患者心输出量的独立预测因子。 结论:CPET参数评估男性和女性CTEPH患者心输出量的独立预测因子不同,提示将CPET的性别差异纳入CTEPH患者的临床评估中可使更多患者受益。