肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性出血的CT分析

目的:评价螺旋CT检查对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性出血的意义,提高对该病的诊断与鉴别诊断的认识.方法:回顾性分析12例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性出血患者的CT和病理特征.结果:12例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性出血主要CT表现为肾实质内密度不均的肿块内含更低密度影(脂肪),其CT值为-20～-90 Hu.其中肾肿块内出血5例,肾肿块内出血并包膜下出血3例,肾肿块内出血并肾周积血2例,肾肿块内出血并腹腔积血2例.动态增强扫描肾血管及软组织成分明显强化,脂肪成分及出血均不强化.本组12例术前诊断与手术病理诊断结果符合率100%.结论:螺旋CT及多期动态增强扫描对判断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性出血具有重要临床价值,有助于术前定位定性诊断.     

巨大肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发性破裂大出血CT误诊4例分析

目的：探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤破裂出血手术前误诊的原因及CT手术前诊断该病的可能性。方法：复习手术与病理证实的4例术前CT误诊的巨大的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤伴破裂出血的病例。结果：巨大的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤可发生肿瘤内、肾筋膜囊内,盆腔膜后甚至腹腔内出血;仔细寻找肿块内代表脂肪成分的CT征是支持肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤诊断的关键。误诊原因可能 与出血掩盖肿块内实际存在的脂肪征有关,也可能与将被挤到肿块的边缘的肿瘤内的脂肪结构误诊为肾筋膜囊内或肾窦内的脂肪有关,结论：巨大的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤可发生自发性破裂出血,手术前CT发现肿块内脂肪征是诊断的关键。     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现及治疗

目的 评价肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（angiolipoleiomyoma,ALL）的CT诊断价值及治疗方法。材料与方法 回顾性分析25例ALL的CT表现,并与19例手术病理结果对照。结果 ALL多见于女性。外向性ALL（周边型肿瘤）病灶较大,直径大于4cm。肿瘤出血及自发性是肾存裂是本病最常见的严重并发症,23例多脂肪及少脂肪ALL CT可作出诊断,诚分很少或无脂肪的ALL应结合B超、MRI诊断。结论 CT对ALL及瘤内出血、自发性肾破裂多能作出明确诊断,对确定治疗方式有指导作用。少或无脂肪成分ALL B超、MRI检查较敏感。     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断

目的：探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现,以提高诊断水平.方法：回顾性分析19例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者的临床资料并探讨其CT诊断及鉴别诊断.结果：本组19例中,CT检查发现含脂肪成分者16例,其中常规层厚扫描发现脂肪成分12例,薄层扫描发现（常规扫描不能确定的）脂肪成分4例;CT检查无明显脂肪成分者3例.结论：CT对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤诊断的关键是在肿瘤中测得脂肪密度影,对于含脂肪成分较多的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤可明确定性诊断,对于少脂或无脂的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,薄层CT扫描可提高诊断准确率.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT在肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤诊断中的价值。方法:14例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者行多层螺旋CT扫描检查,并在工作站行MPR、MIP图像重建,分析肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的MSCT表现,并与手术病理结果对照。结果:14例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤CT平扫肿块均呈等、低、高低混杂密度,11例其中显示有脂肪密度,1例显示高密度出血灶。多期增强扫描皮质期肿块呈均匀或不均匀强化,但低于肾皮髓质强化,脂肪、坏死囊变、出血区无强化,分泌期肿块持续强化。MIP显示肿块内纡曲、增粗的血管。结论:多层螺旋CT能显示肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤肿块内的脂肪成分及血管成分,多期增强扫描能了解肿块的强化方式,对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断具有重要价值。     

肾透明细胞癌和乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤CT鉴别诊断分析

目的 探讨CT在肾透明细胞癌与乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断与鉴别中应用价值。方法 分析40例肾透明细胞癌和25例肾乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者的临床资料及CT扫描结果,探讨肾透明细胞癌与肾乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断与鉴别诊断。结果 对比肾透明细胞癌患者与乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者在平扫和各期增强扫描的CT值可以发现,在皮质期和肾盂期肾透明细胞癌患者的CT值明显高于乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤患者,且差异具有统计学意义。对比两组肿瘤的CT常规征象可以发现肿瘤强化是否均匀及肿瘤强化方式在鉴别肾透明细胞癌和乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂时差异具有统计学意义,乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂表现为强化均匀的概率高于肾透明细胞癌,肾透明细胞癌多表现为快进快出的强化方式,而乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂多表现出延迟强化的特点。结论 平扫期高密度及皮髓期、皮质期、肾盂期强化数值〈120HU是乏脂肪血管平滑肌脂肪瘤最具诊断价值的CT特征。     

外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾周脂肪肉瘤的CT特征分析

目的 分析外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾周脂肪肉瘤的CT征象及鉴别要点.方法 回顾性分析本院经病理证实的20例外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤及20例肾周脂肪肉瘤的CT表现,使用两独立样本t检验及Fisher确切概率法对两者间的CT表现进行统计学分析.结果 20例外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤中:肿瘤与肾脏交界面的肾皮质缺陷("杯口征")20例,瘤内血管扩张18例,肿瘤血管延伸至肾实质(肾实质血管蒂)20例,肿瘤血供来自肾动脉分支20例,合并瘤内或(和)周围出血6例,合并其他血管平滑肌脂肪瘤5例.以上这6种征象,多见于或仅见于外生性血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(P均<0.05).20例肾周脂肪肉瘤中:肿瘤内乏脂肪软组织结节20例,伴有肾位移19例,这2种征象多见于或仅见于肾周脂肪肉瘤(P均<0.05).外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤肿块大小通常小于肾周脂肪肉瘤(P<0.05).两者之间的性别分布以及钙化发生率无统计学差异(P均>0.05).结论 特异性的CT表现有助于鉴别外生性肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤与肾周脂肪肉瘤,为临床治疗提供更为准确的影像学依据.     

CT在肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤诊断中的应用

目的评价CT对肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾分析15例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现。结果CT显示15例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤呈边界清楚、含脂肪组织的肿块,并清楚显示肿瘤的成分以及其形态、大小、数目、浸润范围和邻近结构关系。结论CT能准确诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤,为临床制定治疗方案与判定预后提供可靠的信息。     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（AML）的CT表现,提高术前CT诊断水平。方法回顾性分析21例（女性12例,男性9例）经手术、病理证实的肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤临床和CT资料。结果本组21例中．15例CT表现为含脂肪成分的混杂密度肿块,5例表现为稍低密度或混杂密度肿块,1例表现为高密度肿块;18例为单发病变（左侧11例,右侧7例）,3例多发病灶。结论CT对肾血管平滑脂肪瘤的确诊取决于病灶中的脂肪成分,对含较多脂肪成分的肾AML能明确定性诊断,对少脂肪成分的肾AML散在点状低密度影有助于定性诊断。     

肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT诊断

目的:分析6例肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(HAMI)的CT表现,进一步提高该病诊断准确性.方法:所有病例均经手术病理证实,6例经螺旋CT检查,其中5例平扫加动态动静期及延迟期增强扫描,1例肝、肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤合并结节性硬化,1例肝脏血管平滑肌脂肪瘤合并血管瘤.结果:5例病灶中含有脂肪密度影,1例痛灶未测及脂肪密度,5例病灶动静脉期呈点状、片状、条索状及分隔状明显强化,延迟期持续强化,中心及周边见点条状血管影.结论:病灶同时含有脂肪成分及血管影是HAML的CT特征性表现,结合CT薄层平扫及动态多期增强扫描,有助于提高该病诊断准确性.     

肾损伤的MRI诊断及其临床价值

目的：评价肾损伤的MRI诊断和分类的临床价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析23例肾损伤MRI表现。结果：23例中肾挫伤7例,单纯肾包膜下血肿5例,肾挫裂伤5例,肾断裂2例,肾撕裂伤并血肿尿液外渗2例,陈旧性肾挫裂伤2例。依据MRI等影像诊断和临床情况行肾切除术3例,肾修补术3例,肾动脉栓塞治疗1例,保守治疗16例。结论：MRI是诊断肾损伤一种准确有效方法,对于观察损伤的治疗效果也具有重要意义。     

肾脏恶性肿瘤的MRI诊断(附15例报告)

目的 :探讨肾脏恶性肿瘤的MRI诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析和比较 15例经手术病理证实的肾脏恶性肿瘤患者的MRI检查资料 ,其中 13例行增强扫描。结果 :术前MR诊断正确的 13例 ,2例分别误诊为肾周陈旧性血肿、肾血管源性肿瘤。 12例为肾细胞癌 ,3例为肾移行细胞癌。病变大多边缘光整 ,有完整包膜 ,T1 WI为等或低信号 ,T2 WI大多为高信号 ,仅 1例T2 WI为低信号 ,若伴囊变者为混杂信号。病变强化无明显特征 ,仅有 1例肾盂癌明显强化 ,不符合其常见的乏血管特征。 1例肾上盏的 2cm× 2cm的肿瘤CT平扫和增强扫描均漏诊 ,MR信号特征可鉴别之。结论 :MRI具有良好的软组织分辨率、多方位成像的技术特点 ,在诊断肾脏恶性肿瘤中 ,对明确诊断和确定手术范围有重要的价值     

Bleeding renal angiomyolipomas. CT findings

PURPOSE: To describe our experience in three cases of abdominal haemorrhage caused by bleeding renal angiomyolipomas, which were studied with Computed Tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study carried out at our archives identified 3 patients (aged 58.6 on average) with renal angiomyolipomas clinically manifested with acute abdomen and haemorrhage. The patients underwent an emergency CT scan of the abdomen. One patient also under-went a subsequent renal angiography. All patients had surgery and histological characterizations of the renal lesions. RESULTS: The CT study on all three patients allowed detection of a lesion in the kidneys with inhomogeneous density due to haemorrhage. Areas with fat-density values (-60 -80 UH) were always observable within the lesions. The lesions, measuring 5-9 cm, were located in the right kidney in two patients and in the left kidney in one. CONCLUSIONS: In 40% of patients, renal angiomyolipoma may account for a picture of hypovolemic shock, so a correct diagnostic approach is important to guide the surgical approach. CT allows detection of the angiomyolipoma as the cause of the haemorrhage in most cases. The diagnosis is relatively simple when the lesion has typical features such as adipose content, whereas it may be difficult with non-typical aspects. Furthermore the fat content may also be detected in varying quantities in other renal lesions responsible for bleeding.     

Is there still a place for angiography in the management of renal mass lesions?

In recent years, the development of noninvasive imaging modalities for exploration of the kidney has markedly reduced the use of angiography in the evaluation of renal masses. Presently, it is not required in routine practice to evaluate renal masses. Ultrasound is the most efficient procedure in detecting renal tumor. It is acknowledged that arteriography has a limited diagnostic and staging value compared with CT and MRI for the assessment of renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Most urologists recommend partial nephrectomy or tumor enucleation in an effort to preserve as much as possible functioning renal tissue. In such cases a preoperative map of the renal vasculature is not needed. Information on the main renal artery(ies) and segmental renal arteries can be provided with spiral CT or dynamic MR angiography. Arteriography remains useful in exceptional situations. Interventional arteriography is becoming an important part. It is indicated by means of selective embolization for the treatment of potentially bleeding tumor (i. e. angiomyolipoma) or in emergency in cases of acute hemorrhage. Less frequently, it may be proposed as a palliative procedure for inoperable patients with huge renal tumor. Two other indications of interventional arteriography are acknowledged. Some urologists request preoperative embolization of the tumor-harboring kidney to decrease/avoid extensive blood loss during surgery and/or to facilitate surgery with huge renal tumors when the renal vessels are difficult to reach. The complications of nephron-sparing surgery (partial nephrectomy or tumor enucleation) related to bleeding or arteriovenous fistulas may be cured by arterial embolization. Received: 18 May 1998; Revision received: 3 August 1998; Accepted: 6 August 1998     

肾脏少见病变CT诊断(附4例误诊肾细胞癌的病例报道)

目的:分析4例误诊肾细胞癌的肾脏少见病变CT影像学表现,以期提高对这类病变的认识能力。方法:描述4例误诊肾细胞癌的肾脏少见病变临床与CT影像学表现。4例肾脏病变分别为肾血管畸形伴囊肿出血1例,肾神经内分泌癌(不典型类癌)1例,肾平滑肌瘤1例,肾结核1例。CT行平扫及3期增强扫描,其中2例作多平面重建(MPR)观察。结果:肾平扫等高混杂密度肿块及增强后对比剂圆弧形压迹可支持肾血管畸形伴囊肿出血的诊断。肾神经内分泌癌所示肾内肿块强化幅度不同于常见肾细胞癌。左肾平滑肌瘤表现为肾内球形肿块,境界光整,强化均匀,符合肾平滑肌瘤特征。左肾结核患肾病变内低密度灶境界锐利,肾皮髓质纹理模糊,符合肾结核乳头炎及结核脓腔的病理特点。结论:肾脏少见病变常难与肾癌鉴别。CT三期增强扫描和多平面重组常有必要。仔细观察病灶的形态、范围和强化情况,有助于作出正确判断。     

原发性肾脏罕少见良性肿瘤的CT、MRI 表现与临床病理分析

目的：分析和探讨肾脏罕少见良性肿瘤的 CT、MRI 影像学表现及临床病理分析,提高肾脏罕少见良性肿瘤的诊断准确性。方法回顾性分析本院9例经手术及病理证实的肾脏罕少见良性肿瘤的 CT 及 MRI 影像学资料,分析其影像学特点和病理特征。结果入组病例分别为混合型上皮间质肿瘤(MESTK),囊性肾瘤(CN),平滑肌瘤(RL),嗜酸细胞腺瘤(RO)。病变分布情况：6例位于左肾,3例位于右肾。瘤体大小：长径2.5~8.9 cm,平均5.7 cm;短径2.5~8.4 cm,平均4.9 cm。形态：类圆形或椭圆形(n=7),不规则形(n=2)。9例病灶突出于肾轮廓外。MESTK 呈多囊性病变,增强扫描囊性成分未见明确强化,囊壁及粗间隔可见强化。CN 呈囊性病灶,平扫可见斑片状钙化,增强扫描囊性成分未见明确强化,病灶可见强化分隔影。RL 的 CT 和 MRI 平扫密度/信号不均匀,可见斑片状坏死;病灶增强扫描皮质期及髓质期明显强化,延迟期强化程度减退。RO 1例 MRI 平扫 T1 WI 呈不均匀低信号;T2 WI 呈不均匀高信号;CT 病灶密度欠均匀,平扫以等密度为主;增强扫描皮质期、髓质期病变呈明显不均匀强化,排泄期强化程度下降,中心瘢痕可见轻度延迟强化。结论肾脏罕少见良性肿瘤具有一定的 CT、MRI 影像学特点,结合其临床病理特点,可以提高肾脏罕少见恶性肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

多房性囊性肾瘤的影像学表现与病理对照

目的 提高对多房性囊性肾瘤的影像学的认识。资料与方法 报告2例经手术病理证实，且临床与影像学资料完整的多房性囊性肾瘤。分析其B超、IVU、CT、MRI检查所见征象，并与手术、病理所见对照，结合文献复习，对多房性囊性肾瘤作深入讨论。结果 影像学表现为肾区单发、多房性囊性病灶；囊肿边界清楚，与肾盏不相通，肾脏被挤压变薄，未受累区的肾脏正常；囊内容均匀或不均匀；囊间隔的密度比正常肾实质低，分隔完全且厚薄不一，可强化，但强化程度不及正常的肾组织。术后病理证实为多房性囊性肾瘤。结论 CT、MRI最能反映多房性囊性肾瘤的病理基础，是术前诊断该病的最佳方法。术前完善的影像学检查对该病的治疗方案及预后至关重要。     

肾占位性病变的CT鉴别诊断

目的：分析肾占位性病变的CT表现，探讨CT对该类疾病的鉴别诊断价值。方法：对手术／病例证实的28例肾占位性病变进行回顾性分析，所有病例均行平扫和增强扫描。结果：肾恶性肿瘤21例(75％)，其中肾癌(RCC)16例，CT表现为肾实质内形态不规则的低密度软组织肿块，增强后不强化或轻度强化；肾盂癌2例，CT表现为肾盂内软组织肿块影，增强后不强化或轻度强化。肾母细胞瘤(Wilms瘤)3例，CT表现为较大不规则的分叶肿块，增强后不强化；肾良性肿瘤3例(11％)，均为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(ALL)，2两例CT表现为多种不同成分的混杂密度肿块，1例表现为均匀等密度肿块，增强后软组织部分强化，而脂肪成分不强化。其它4例(14％)，3例肾囊肿，CT表现为典型的边界清楚的囊性病灶，增强后未见强化：1例肾脓肿，CT表现为实质性与囊性混杂密度的肿块，增强后实质性部分有轻度强化，囊性部分不强化。结论：CT平扫及增强扫描，以及诊断过程中密切结合病史，对肾占位性病变有重要的鉴别诊断价值。     

Wünderlich's syndrome: causes,diagnosis and radiological management

AIM: The underlying causes of the Wünderlich syndrome, spontaneous renal bleeding confined to the subcapsular and perirenal space, are described together with its radiologic management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 9 cases, occurring in our hospital between 1995 and 2001 were reviewed. The average age was 46 and five of them were women. All patients underwent ultrasound and helical CT. In seven cases renal arteriography was performed, in 6 the bleeding artery was embolized. Histological material was obtained in four cases. RESULTS: The most common cause was of neoplastic origin (five angiomyolipomas and one urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis). Other unusual cases included a pancreatic pseudocyst with rupture of the renal parenchyma and a drug induced vasculitis. In one patient a definitive diagnosis was not obtained. In five of the 6 cases in which the bleeding artery was embolized, the results were satisfactory and only one patient required surgery because of persistent bleeding. CONCLUSIONS: CT is the best imaging method to establish the diagnosis and in some cases the aetiology of Wünderlich's syndrome. Renal arteriography with embolization is an important therapeutic method to control the bleeding and to avoid surgery.