长链非编码RNA调控肝癌干细胞的作用

目前常规疗法对晚期、转移或复发肝癌患者疗效差。肝癌干细胞(LCSCs)参与肝癌的发展、侵袭、转移和耐药,与不良预后密切相关,被认为是肝癌治疗的重要靶点。长链非编码RNA(LncRNA)在肝癌中异常表达。最近的研究表明,lncRNAs可能在调控LCSCs的生物学功能中发挥重要作用。全文总结lncRNA调控LCSCs作用的研究现状。     

长链非编码RNA与宫颈癌的相关性研究进展

宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率均位于女性肿瘤的第二位,早期诊断与治疗是降低其死亡率的有效途径。长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是一类长度大于200 nt且缺乏编码蛋白能力的RNA,其通过多种途径参与基因的表达调控,在个体正常发育和疾病发生中起着重要作用。越来越多的研究表明lncRNA与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。本文将对lncRNAs在宫颈癌中的作用及其分子机制进行综述。     

生物信息学方法筛选结肠癌相关长链非编码RNA

目的 筛选结肠癌中差异表达长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）并探讨其表达情况。方法 从NCBI（美国国立生物技术信息中心）公共数据平台Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO）下载结肠癌基因芯片数据GSE41328,包含10对结肠癌组织及正常组织,用微阵列显著性分析（SAM）软件输出差异表达基因,信息学网站对基因重注释得到lncRNA名称,然后用Gene Cluster和TreeView软件分析差异表达lncRNA数据,进一步验证其表达情况。结果 分析GSE41328发现,与正常组织相比,结肠癌共有66个lncRNA差异表达,其中22个高表达,44个低表达,结肠癌与正常组织表达值倍数均大于2或小于0.5,差异有统计学意义。结论 运用生物信息学方法筛选结肠癌相关lncRNA,可为寻找新的肿瘤标志物提供新的途径,但其结果需要进一步实验验证。     

长链非编码RNA在食管癌中的研究进展

随着分子生物学研究的技术革新和计算机生物信息学的蓬勃发展,长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的作用和生物学功能得到了深入研究,其在细胞周期进程、细胞生长和凋亡等过程中具有重要的调控作用。lncRNA的异常表达与肿瘤的增殖、迁移及侵袭均密切相关。本文总结了近2年有关食管癌lncRNA的相关研究进展,介绍影响食管癌生物学特性的lncRNA调控机制,尤其是lncRNA作为竞争性内源RNA（ceRNA）的调控机制,以期为食管癌的诊断和治疗提供新思路。     

Non-coding RNA in drug resistance of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The poorly prognosis and survival of GC are due to diagnose in an advanced, non-curable stage and with a limited response to chemotherapy. The acquisition of drug resistance accounts for the majority of therapy failure of chemotherapy in GC patients. Although the mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance have been broadly studied, the regulation of these mechanisms has not been completely understood. Accumulating evidence has recently highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs, in the development and maintenance of drug resistance due to their regulatory features in specific genes involved in the chemoresistant phenotype of GC. We review the literature on ncRNAs in drug resistance of GC. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the ncRNAs’ characteristics, their regulation of the genes involved in chemoresistance and their potential as targeted therapies for personalized treatment in resistant GC.     

Research Progress on Long Non-coding RNAs and Drug Resistance of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer, as the foremost cause of women’s death in the world, is highly metastatic and mutable. Resistance to drugs for chemotherapies, endocrine therapies, and targeted therapies is an important factor that impacts the prognosis of breast cancer. Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (LncRNAs) are crucial regulators of intracellular gene expressions. Some researchers have suggested that expression level of several types of LncRNAs were closely related to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. LncRNAs significantly impact biological processes such as drug transport, detoxication, apoptosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and autophagy by regulating intracellular signaling pathways such as multi-drug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), BRCA1/2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). This paper will summarize research progress on correlations between LncRNA and drug resistance of breast cancer. It will particularly expound molecular mechanisms through which LncRNAs regulate drug resistance of breast cancer. It will further discuss the feasibility as molecular markers for forecasting drug resistance of breast cancer and may be becoming new targets for treating breast cancer in the future.     

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)在癌症中的作用

lncRNA在癌症患者的肿瘤组织和体液中易于检测,当lncRNA作为生物标志物时可以辅助诊断和治疗多种癌症。通过实时荧光定量PCR等分子工具对lncRNA进行检测可以诊断癌症,lncRNA中的SNP也可以为患者的癌症风险进行预测,有些lncRNA已被作为治疗靶点来治疗癌症。因此lncRNA对癌症患者的诊断、治疗及预后都有重要作用。     

Expression and Roles of Heat Shock Proteins in Human Breast Cancer

Heat shock proteins (hsps) are thought to play important roles in the cell cycle and various processes of carcinogenesis. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of hsps, mainly hsp90 and hsp70, in human breast cancer tissues. Hsp90α mRNA was expressed at much higher levels in the cancerous tissue than in the non-cancerous tissue. In addition, a close correlation between hsp90α mRNA expression and the proliferating-cell-nuclear-antigen labeling index (PCNA LI) was observed for the cancerous tissue. These findings suggest that increased expression of the hsp90α isoform may play a role in cell proliferation. On the other hand, hsp90β mRNA expression was significantly higher in poorly differentiated carcinomas than in well differentiated carcinomas of the breast. The intracellular localization of hsp70 was consistent with that of ubiquitin. In specimens showing hsp70 in the nucleus, the PCNA LI was significantly high, Hsc73 mRNA, a member of the hsp70 family, was also expressed at higher levels in cancerous tissues associated with a high PCNA LI than in non-cancerous tissues. These results suggest that hsp90α may play a role in cancer cell proliferation and that hsp90β may contribute to cell differentiation and structural constitution. In addition, hsp70, especially hsc73, is related to ubiquitin and seems to be a marker for cancer proliferation.     

Long Non Coding RNA Expression Intersecting Cancer and Spermatogenesis: A Systematic Review

Background: Numerous similarities have been noted between gametogenic and tumorigenic programs in features such as global hypomethylation, immune evasion, immortalization, meiosis induction, and migration. In addition, aberrant expression of testis specific genes has been detected in various cancers which has led to categorization of these genes as "cancer-testis genes". Most of the examples identified in this category are protein encoding. However, recent studies have revealed that non-coding RNAs, including long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), may have essential regulatory roles in telomere biology, chromatin dynamics, modulation of gene expression and genome structural organization. All of these functions are implicated in both gametogenic and tumorigenic programs. Methods: In the present study, we conducted a computerized search of the MEDLINE/PUBMED and Embase databases with the key words lncRNA, gametogenesis, testis and cancer. Results: We found a number of lncRNAs with essential roles and notable expression in both gametogenic and cancer tissues. Conclusions: Comparison between cancer tissues and gametogenic tissues has shown that numerous lncRNAs are expressed in both, playing similar roles in processes modulated by signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Evaluation of expression patterns and functions of these genes should pave the way to discovery of biomarkers for early detection, prognostic assessment and evaluation of therapeutic responses in cancers.     

Long Non Coding RNA in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Promising Biomarker in Tumorigenesis

Globally, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an unsurpassed variant of breast cancer (BC) with a very high fatality rate, and disease burden. Nevertheless, the deficit of diagnostic markers and focused treatment are major hurdles for potent therapeutics. They are also the reason for bad outcomes and causes of a worse prognosis and a high rate of flare up in patients with TNBC diagnosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are a new class of molecules that have recently gained interest in healthcare management due to their potential as biomarkers for human diseases especially cancers. The growing interest in lncRNA in clinical practice has created an unmet need for developing assays to test lncRNA quickly and accurately for early diagnostics. These lncRNA modulate multiple stages of tumor development, including growth, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases, by controlling several genes and changing metabolic networks. Highly invasive phenotype and chemo resistance are prominent characteristics of TNBC subtypes that require accurate diagnostic and prognostic instruments involving lncRNA. This review focusses on the evolving purpose and coalition of lncRNAs in TNBC and accentuates their capable effects in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Moreover, the extensive literature analysis of our review creates an opportunity in the translational application concerning the TNBC lncRNAs described until now. The depiction of lncRNAs enrolled in TNBC is comprehensive, and sufficient substantiation studies are the need of the hour to authenticate the current outcomes and create imminent upcoming of elemental research setting into clinical practice.     

长链非编码RNA在舌癌细胞上皮间质转化过程中的调节作用

舌癌恶性程度高,浸润性较强,易早期发生淋巴结转移。上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transformation,EMT)是生物胚胎发育中的基础过程,在肿瘤细胞的迁移与侵袭过程中发挥关键作用。长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类参与多种生物学进程的非编码RNA,部分lncRNA在恶性肿瘤的发生发展过程中异常表达,并通过多种方式参与调节肿瘤细胞的EMT。全文就近年来lncRNA在舌癌细胞EMT过程中的调节作用作一综述。     

长链非编码RNA ZNF667-AS1在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其DNA甲基化状态的研究

 目的 检测长链非编码RNA ZNF667-AS1在食管鳞状细胞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC）中的表达及甲基化状态。方法 应用qPCR和MSP法检测DNA甲基化转移酶抑制剂5-Aza-dC处理前后食管癌细胞系（Kyse170、Eca109、TE1和TE13）、ESCC及相应癌旁正常组织中ZNF667-AS1基因的表达,及其CpG岛三个区域的甲基化状态。结果 在5-Aza-dC处理后的四株细胞系中,ZNF667-AS1基因的表达均增高,且其CpG岛三个区域甲基化程度均降低。ZNF667-AS1基因在ESCC组织中的表达显著低于相应癌旁正常组织,且该基因CpG岛远端启动子区及第一外显子区甲基化率在ESCC与相应癌旁正常组织中的差异均具有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。ESCC组织中CpG岛近端启动子区甲基化率显著高于相应癌旁正常组织,并与组织分化程度、TNM分期密切相关,ZNF667-AS1基因CpG岛近端启动子区发生甲基化的ESCC组织中,低表达例数高于高表达例数,差异具有统计学意义。结论 ZNF667-AS1基因在食管癌细胞系和ESCC组织中的低表达与ESCC的发生发展密切相关,且其近端启动子区的高甲基化状态可能是导 致其表达沉默的机制之一。     

长非编码RNA(lncRNA)与乳腺癌多药耐药患者放疗敏感性的相关性

目的 探究长非编码RNA与乳腺癌多药耐药患者放疗敏感性的相关性.方法 BS517、BS524、BS525-1590、SKBR-3、MCF-7共5种人乳腺癌细胞株,采用细胞梯度照光细胞克隆实验检测5种细胞株的存活分数(SF).采用高通量lncRNA芯片筛选BS517、BS524、BS525-1590细胞株表达量较高的lncRNA,并分析lncRNA与放疗抵抗性的相关性.结果 各细胞经梯度照光后,各细胞株的SF值大小排列(由大到小)依次为BS517、BS524、BS525-1590、SKBR-3、MCF-7,该顺序同样由高到低地反映出各细胞株对放疗的敏感性;R05532、NR-015441、NR-033374 3种lncRNA在细胞系中表达明显较高;R05532、NR-015441、NR-033374 3种lncRNA的表达水平与细胞放疗抵抗性呈正相关,其γ值分别为0.931、0.926、0.928,且P<0.05;AA745020的表达水平与细胞放疗抵抗性无明显的相关性,γ=0.416,P>0.05.结论 R05532、NR-015441、NR-033374 3种lncRNA在人乳腺癌细胞中高表达,且当其高表达时呈现的放疗抵抗性最高,这3种lncRNA高表达时可作为放疗抵抗的预测分子.     

长链非编码RNA MALAT1与非小细胞肺癌患者肿瘤复发和预后的相关性研究

目的 研究长链非编码RNA MALAT1与非小细胞肺癌患者肿瘤复发和预后的相关性.方法 选择原发性非小细胞肺癌患者60例,取其肿瘤组织及癌旁组织,应用RT-PCR技术测定原发性非小细胞肺癌肿瘤组织中MALAT1的表达情况,分析MALAT1表达与非小细胞肺癌患者术后复发及总体生存预后的关系.结果 与癌旁组织相比,肺癌组织中MALAT1表达量显著升高(P＜0.05).MALAT1表达与患者年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤数量、肿瘤分期、肿瘤分化程度以及术前甲胎蛋白水平等无显著相关性;Cox回归分析结果显示,肿瘤直径＞5 cm、有血管侵犯、术前AFP含量≥400ng/ml以及高MALAT1表达量是影响患者术后复发和总生存的高危因素(P＜0.05).结果 MALAT1在非小细胞肺癌中表达量高与非小细胞肺癌手术后肿瘤复发和预后有显著关系,可为非小细胞肺癌患者的复发和预后提供参考,为临床诊断和治疗提供依据.     

长链非编码RNA在膀胱癌中的研究进展

摘 要：长链非编码RNA (long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一类转录长度超过200个核苷酸的RNA,在肿瘤细胞的基因表达调节中起着不可或缺的作用。LncRNA 与肿瘤的持续增殖、诱导血管生成、侵袭和转移、抵抗细胞死亡及无限复制密切相关。目前研究发现lncRNA在膀胱癌的肿瘤细胞周期及侵袭中发挥着重要作用,全文就lncRNA在膀胱癌中的研究进展作一综述。     

长链非编码RNA在肿瘤转移研究中的进展

近年来一些长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)被发现参与调控多种肿瘤侵袭及转移,而肿瘤转移是临床上影响肿瘤患者生存预后的主要原因.因此深入研究lncRNA与肿瘤转移的关系对提高肿瘤治疗效果、改善患者预后有重要意义.全文就lncRNA调控肿瘤转移机制的最新进展作一综述.     

系统性鉴定长非编码RNA MALAT1调控的微小RNA

背景与目的长非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA, lncRNA）在肿瘤的发生、侵袭转移等过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。本研究通过实验和生物信息学手段系统性研究lncRNA MALAT1调控的微小RNA（microRNA, miRNA）。方法设计特异性敲减MALAT1的反义寡核苷酸（antisense oligonucleotides, ASO）,在A549细胞中敲减MALAT1,通过TqaMan Low Density Array（TLDA）芯片研究敲减MALAT1后miRNA表达变化;使用基因集富集分析（gene set enrichment analysis, GSEA）方法分析敲减MALAT1之后差异表达基因,寻找富集的miRNA。结果 ASO有效降低了MALAT1表达,敲减MALAT1之后153个miRNA表达显著变化,其中131个miRNA表达上调,22个miRNA表达下调。在A549细胞中敲减MALAT1后,458个基因发生显著差异表达,GSEA分析发现多个miRNA在差异表达基因中被显著富集。对TLDA和GSEA数据取交集并进一步分析确认28个被MALAT1调控的miRNA。结论本研究系统鉴定了MALAT1对miRNA的调控,为进一步研究提供了基础。     

Emerging role of long non-coding RNA in the development of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is a common, worldwide malignancy and has a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a significant subtype of RNA molecules with a length longer than 200 nucleotides (nt) that rarely encode proteins. In recent decades, deregulation of lncRNAs has been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in various human carcinomas, including gastric cancer. Accumulating evidence has shown that some lncRNAs may function as diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. Thus, exploring the specific functions of lncRNAs will help both gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis and develop novel treatments for gastric cancer. In this review, we highlight the expression and functional roles of lncRNAs in gastric cancer, and analyze the potential applications of lncRNAs as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.     

功能MRI在乳腺癌新辅助化疗诊疗过程中的应用

随着功能磁共振的发展,其成为评估新辅助化疗疗效、病灶残留范围的首选检查,对于新辅助后的远期预后有潜在预测价值,在新辅助治疗的各个过程中均具有重要意义。全文就功能MRI在乳腺癌新辅助治疗中的应用进行综述。