肺癌神经内分泌分化与术后生存关系探讨(英文)

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌神经内分泌(NSCLC-NE)分化与患者手术后生存关系。方法收集1997年4月～1999年4月98例肺癌手术切除病理标本,采用免疫组化标记特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)及突触素(SY),并按强弱区分为“+、++、+++”。对同一手术病例标本采用电镜观察特异性 NE 颗粒。术后病例随访36例,最长60月。采用Cox 多因素风险模型分析 NSCLC-NE 分化与患者术后生存的关系。结果 91例为非小细胞肺癌。非小细胞肺癌 NE 阳性表达率为63.7%(58/91),其中 NSE 阳性表达54例(59.3%),SY 阳性表达22例(24.1%),电镜观察 NE 特异性颗粒30例(33.0%)。结合免疫组化和电镜观察 NSCLC-NE 分化44例(48.4%)。Cox 模型多因素分析结果表明 NSCLC-NE 分化者术后生存时间明显缩短(P=0.048)。术后生存与肺癌细胞分化程度(P=0.006)、病理分期(P=0.001)、NE 表达强弱(P=0.054)有密切关系。结论 NSCLC-NE 分化与肿瘤细胞分化和患者术后生存有关。采用 NE 标志特标记肿瘤,并观察其强弱改变,对术后评估具有较重要的参考意义,可作为临床判断患者预后指标之一。     

肺癌神经内分泌分化与术后生存关系探讨

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌神经内分泌(NSCLC-NE)分化与患者手术后生存关系。方法收集1997年4月-1999年4月98例肺癌手术切除病理标本,采用免疫组化标记特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)及突触素(SY),并按强弱区分为“ 、 、 ”。对同一手术病例标本采用电镜观察特异性NE颗粒。术后病例随访36例,最长60月。采用Cox多因素风险模型分析NSCLC-NE分化与患者术后生存的关系。结果91例为非小细胞肺癌。非小细胞肺癌NE阳性表达率为63.7%(58/91),其中NSE阳性表达54例(59.3%),SY阳性表达22例(24.1%),电镜观察NE特异性颗粒30例(33.0%)。结合免疫组化和电镜观察NSCLC-NE分化44例(48.4%)。Cox模型多因素分析结果表明NSCLC-NE分化者术后生存时间明显缩短(P=0.048)。术后生存与肺癌细胞分化程度(P=0.006)、病理分期(P=0.001)、NE表达强弱(P=0.054)有密切关系。结论NSCLC-NE分化与肿瘤细胞分化和患者术后生存有关。采用NE标志特标记肿瘤,并观察其强弱改变,对术后评估具有较重要的参考意义,可作为临床判断患者预后指标之一。     

基于“分子分期”的局部晚期非小细胞肺癌“个体化外科治疗”的长期生存结果

背景与目的局部晚期肺癌约占肺癌的35%-40%,其内科治疗平均生存6-8个月。本研究的目的是探讨和总结检测肺癌病人外周血"微转移",对局部晚期肺癌病人进行"分子分期",指导选择局部晚期肺癌手术适应症、术前新辅助化疗和术后辅助治疗的受益者,以及对局部晚期肺癌进行"个体化外科治疗"的可行性及其对长期生存的影响。方法应用RT-PCR检测516例局部晚期肺癌病人手术前外周血CK19mRNA表达(其中115例行术前新辅助化疗者在新辅助化疗前后分别检测病人外周血"微转移"),对肺癌"微转移"进行"分子诊断",对肺癌病人进行"个体化分子分期",指导临床选择外科手术适应症、术前新辅助化疗和术后辅助治疗的获益者。回顾分析516例局部晚期肺癌基于"分子分期"的"个体化外科治疗"的长期生存结果。结果 516例病人中鳞癌322例,非鳞癌194例;P-TNM分期:IIIA期112例,IIIB期404例;"个体化分子P-TNM分期":M-IIIA期:97例,M-IIIB期:278例,M-IV期:141例。本组病例行支气管肺动脉袖状成形肺叶切除256例;肺叶切除联合部分左心房切除重建41例;支气管肺动脉袖状成形联合上腔静脉切除重建90例;肺切除联合部分膈肌切除重建3例;支气管肺动脉袖状成形肺叶切除联合部分左心房切除重建30例;支气管肺动脉袖状成形联合主动脉鞘膜切除10例;右全肺切除联合左心房、右侧全部膈肌、下腔静脉和肝右静脉切除重建1例;肺切除联合气管隆突切除重建10例;支气管肺动脉袖状成形联合气管隆突切除重建和上腔静脉切除重建,或联合上腔静脉和左心房、或联合气管隆突和左心房切除重建55例。手术死亡5例,死亡率为0.97%。516例肺癌病人中141例外周血检测到CK19mRNA表达,阳性率为27.3%。肺癌病人外周血微转移阳性率与肺癌组织学类型、P-TNM分期、N分期等均有密切关系(P<0.05),但与患者年龄、性别、是否吸烟、原发肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位等均无明显关系(P>0.05)。本组肺癌病人术后中位生存时间为43.74±7.21个月,1年生存率为89.1%,3年生存率为39.3%,5年生存率为19.8%,10年生存率为10.4%。术后生存率与外周血"微转移"、肺癌组织学类型、原发肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移有密切关系(P<0.05)。Cox比例风险模型显示"个体化"分子P-TNM分期、外周血"微转移"、病理类型和N分期是预测局部肺癌预后的独立因素。结论 (1)肺癌病人外周血中存在用常规方法不能检测得到的"微转移";(2)检测肺癌病人外周血中CK19mRNA表达应用于肺癌微转移的"分子诊断"和"分子分期,有助于指导选择外科手术适应症、术前新辅助化疗和术后辅助治疗的受益者;(3)基于"分子分期"的局部晚期肺癌的"个体化外科治疗"能明显改善病人的预后,提高治愈率和长期生存率。     

女性非小细胞肺癌患者预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨女性非小细胞肺癌预后影响因素。方法 回顾性分析326例女性非小细胞肺癌患 者的临床资料,随访生存期为2006年12月至2013年1月。采用Kaplan-Meier绘制生存曲线,Cox比例风 险回归模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 女性肺腺癌、肺鳞癌的5年生存率分别为28.9%和19.3% （P＜0.0001）;N2、N1、N0的5年生存率分别为4.1%、23.8%和66.1%（P＜0.0001）;治疗前有、无 胸腔积液者的5年生存率分别为6.8%和38.4%（P＜0.0001）。结论 病理类型、N分期、治疗前胸腔 积液是女性非小细胞肺癌患者的独立预后因素。     

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌三维适形放疗加化疗的疗效观察

目的 探讨三维适形放疗对局部晚期肺癌治疗的价值。方法 42例局部晚期肺癌（Ⅲa、Ⅲb期），分别采用三维适形放疗（使90％剂量线包括100％剂量体积，总剂量70～80Gy）＋化疗与常规放疗＋化疗进行对照分析。结果 三维适形放疗后完全缓解33．3％（7／21）；部分缓解61．9％（13／21）；无变化4．7％（1／21）。治疗后CT增强扫描残留灶强化程度减弱，临床症状显著缓解或消失。结论 立体定向适形放疗是治疗局部晚期肺癌的有效手段。     

Prognostic Factors for Short-term Survival in Patients with Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Prognostic factors which can forecast short-term survival in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer have not been well evaluated. Characteristics of such factors may be different from those for overall survival, and would be an important eligibility criterion for clinical trials of chemotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 158 patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer whose performance status was 0, 1 or 2. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models revealed demographic variables which significantly correlated with the survival at 8 or 12 weeks. The univariate model showed the following significant variables: T factor, N factor, number of organs with metastases, grade of performance status, weight loss within 6 months, evidence of metastasis either at bone or lymph node, and lactate dehydrogenase level. The subsequent multivariate model demonstrated that both grade of performance status under 2 and number of metastasized organs less than 3 are important factors for 8- or 12-week survival. The survival rate in patients meeting the two criteria (grade of performance status under 2 and number of metastasized organs less than 3) and in those meeting only one of them was 93% versus 80% at 8 weeks (P=0.030) and 88% versus 62% at 12 weeks (P<0.001), respectively. Grade of performance status and number of organs with metastases appear to be important prognostic factors for short-term survival in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer.     

新辅助化疗对局部晚期非小细胞肺癌术后生存率的影响

目的探讨新辅助化疗对局部晚期非小细胞肺癌生存率的影响。方法可切除的局部晚期非小细胞肺癌119例;分两组：新辅助化疗+手术组（A组）59例,直接手术组(B组) 60例。对两组患者的临床资料进行统计学分析。结果A组的总有效率为54.23%（32/59）,病期下调率20.33%（12/59）;手术切除率和完全性切除率分别为91.5％和81.4％,高于对照组为81.7％和68.3％。两组患者术后1、3、5年生存率分别为79.66%、50.88%、21.43%和71.19%、35.09%、14.29%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后平均生存时间分别为32.909月和28.046月,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而术后并发症发生率两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新辅助化疗可显著提高局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的手术切除率,延长生存期,较直接手术组有优势,且未增加术后并发症,是安全可行的。     

射频毁损治疗非小细胞肺癌现状与进展

射频毁损治疗已广泛应用于各种实体瘤的治疗中。近年来，在利用射频毁损治疗非小细胞肺癌方面取得了重大进展。文章总结了多篇国内外关于非小细胞肺癌射频毁损治疗方面的文献，并就其发展过程、治疗现状及未来发展方向进行论述。     

Clinical Observation and Prognostic Analysis of Pemetrexed plus Platinum as First-line Treatment in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Objective: To determine clinical efficacy, safety and prognostic factors of pemetrexed plus platinum as firstlinetreatment in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: Clinicalcharacteristics, short-term efficacy, survival and adverse reactions of 47 advanced non-squamous NSCLCpatients who had received pemetrexed plus platinum as first-line treatment in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospitalfrom January 2009 to June 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The Chi-squared test was applied to statisticallyanalyze the overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and toxicity reactions in both groups, whilesurvival data wereanalyzed by Kaplan-Meier and logrank methods, and the COX proportional hazards modelwas adopted for a series of multi-factor analyses. Results: Only two patients were lost to follow-up. The ORR,DCR, medium progression-free survival time (PFS) and medium overall survival (OS) were 31.9%, 74.5%, 5months and 15.2 months, while 1- and 2-year survival rates were 63.8% (30/47) and 19.2% (9/47), respectively.Single-factor analysis showed that tumor pathological patterns and efficacy were in association with mediumPFS (P<0.05), whereas tumor pathological patterns, smoking history and efficacy were closely connectedwith medium OS (P<0.05). Multi-factor analyses demonstrated that pathological patterns and efficacy wereindependent factors influencing OS (P<0.05). The rate of toxicity reactions in degree Ⅲ/Ⅳ was low, includinghematologic toxicity marked by decline in white blood cell count and decrease in the platelet count (PLT), andnon-hematologic toxicity manifested by gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea and vomiting. Conclusions:Pemetrexed plus platinum as first-line treatment has excellent efficacy and slight adverse reactions with favorabledrug-tolerance in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC.     

105例晚期非小细胞肺癌预后因素分析

[目的]探讨晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者的预后相关因素。[方法]回顾性分析2003年1月1日至2009年12月31日105例晚期非小细胞肺癌死亡患者的临床资料,对可能影响其预后的相关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。[结果]全组患者1、2、3年生存率分别为27.6%、8.6%、1.9%,中位生存时间为9.0个月（95%CI：7.9～10.1个月）。单因素分析显示临床分期、PS评分、首诊伴脑转移、肝转移、骨转移以及治疗方式与预后相关。多因素分析显示临床分期、PS评分、首诊伴脑转移、治疗方式是影响晚期非小细胞肺癌预后的独立因素。[结论]临床分期、PS评分、首诊伴脑转移、治疗方式可能是晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的独立预后因素。     

Prognostic Significance of GSTP1, XRCC1 and XRCC3 Polymorphisms in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Aim: Individual differences in chemosensitivity and clinical outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)patients treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy may be due to genetic factors. Our study aimed toinvestigate the prognostic role of GSTP1, XRCC1 and XRCC3 in NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy.Methods: A total of 460 cases were consecutively selected from The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong Universitybetween Jan. 2003 to Nov. 2006, and all were followed-up until Nov. 2011. Genotyping of GSTP1 Ile105Val, XRCC1Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met was conducted by duplex polymerase-chain-reactionwith confronting-two-pair primer methods. Results: Patients with GSTP Val/Val exhibited a shorter survivaltime, and had a 1.89 fold greater risk of death than did those with the IIe/IIe genotype. For XRCC1 Arg194Trp,the variant genotype Trp/Trp was significantly associated with a decreased risk of death from NSCLC whencompared with the Arg/Arg. Individuals carrying XRCC1 399Gln/Gln genotype had a longer survival time,with a lowered risk of death from NSCLC. Conclusion: This study indicated that GSTP1 Ile105Val, XRCC1Arg194Trp and XRCC1Arg399Gln genes have a role in modifying the effect of platinum-based chemotherapyfor NSCLC patients in a Chinese population. Our findings provide information for therapeutic decisions forindividualized therapy in NSCLC cases.     

非小细胞肺癌脑转移治疗的研究进展

约30%~50%的非小细胞肺癌患者在疾病过程中发生脑转移。随着治疗手段的不断发展,患者的生存期得到明显改善。目前的治疗方法主要有手术、放疗、化疗和靶向药物治疗。虽然治疗方法众多,但如何针对不同患者制定最佳治疗方案,仍需要不断深入研究和总结。全文就近几年非小细胞肺癌脑转移治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

多西他赛单药治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的观察多西他赛单药治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效及毒副反应。方法 36例老年晚期NSCLC患者应用多西他赛75 mg·m-2治疗,21 d为1周期,治疗2～4周期后评价疗效和毒副反应。结果全组总有效率为30.6%(11/36),疾病控制率为55.6%(20/36),生活质量改善率为36.1%(13/36)。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制及消化道反应,经对症处理后可缓解。结论多西他赛单药治疗老年晚期NSCLC疗效肯定,可明显改善患者生活质量,毒副反应可耐受。     

GT 方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的：观察 GT 方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的临床疗效和安全性。方法60例老年晚期老年晚期 NSCLC 患者接受化疗：吉西他滨1000 mg·m -2,静脉滴注,d1,8;多西他赛60 mg·m -2,静脉滴注,d1,每21 d 为1周期,至少应用2周期后评价疗效。结果60例患者中,CR 5例,PR 14例,SD 17例, PD 24例,总有效率为31.7％（19/60）,初治组有效率为37.8％（14/37）,复治组有效率为26.1％（6/23）;腺癌有效率为36.7％,鳞癌有效率为36.3％;初治与复治、不同的病理类型间有效率比较差异均无统计学意义（P ﹥0.05）。主要毒副反应为骨髓抑制。结论 GT 方案在老年晚期 NSCLC 患者的应用中安全有效,值得进一步研究。     

吉非替尼在晚期非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗中的疗效观察

目的探讨吉非替尼(Gefitinib)治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的有效性及安全性。方法 16例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者采用吉非替尼(250 mg,每天1次,口服)治疗,直至出现疾病进展或发生不可耐受的不良事件。结果 16例均可评价疗效,CR为0%(0/16),PR为31.2%(5/16),SD为43.8%(7/16),PD为25.0%(4/16);客观缓解率(RR)为31.2%,疾病控制率(DCR)为75.0%。中位生存期4.8个月,1年生存率为18.7%。与药物相关的不良反应依次为:皮疹、腹泻、皮肤干燥、转氨酶升高、溃疡。其中有2例患者因腹泻对症治疗不佳而停药。结论吉非替尼可让既往治疗失败的晚期NSCLC患者生存受益,且不良反应轻,耐受性良好,可显著改善患者症状,是复发性晚期NSCLC的有效治疗方案之一。     

COX-2在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中环氧化酶-2（COX-2）的表达及其临床意义。方法选取79例NSCLC肿瘤组织标本,构建组织芯片,采用免疫组化S-P法对COX-2表达情况进行检测。结果COX-2在NSCLC组织中的阳性表达率为41.77%,其表达与肿瘤分期有关（χ2=9.912,P=0.019）,且表达强度与肿瘤分期呈正相关关系（r=0.483,P=0.036）。结论 COX-2在NSCLC组织中的表达与肿瘤分期关系密切,其检测对NSCLC的预后、病情判断有一定价值。     

Prognostic Factors for Lymph Node Negative Stage I and IIA Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Multicenter Experiences

Background: Surgery is the only curative treatment for operable non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) and theimportance of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB patients is unclear. Herein, we evaluated prognostic factorsfor survival and factors related with adjuvant treatment decisions for stage I and IIA NSCLC patients withoutlymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 302 patients who had undergonecurative surgery for prognostic factors regarding survival and clinicopathological factors related to adjuvantchemotherapy. Results: Nearly 90% of the patients underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy with mediastinallymph node resection. For the others, wedge resection were performed. The patients were diagnosed as stageIA in 35%, IB in 49% and IIA in 17%. Histopathological type (p=0.02), tumor diameter (p=0.01) and stage(p<0.001) were found to be related to adjuvant chemotherapy decisions, while operation type, lypmhovascularinvasion (LVI), grade and the presence of recurrence were important factors in predicting overall survival (OS),and operation type, tumor size greater than 4 cm, T stage, LVI, and visceral pleural invasion were related withdisease free survival (DFS). Multivariate analysis showed operation type (p<0.001, hazard ratio (HR):1.91) andthe presence of recurrence (p<0.001, HR:0.007) were independent prognostic factors for OS, as well visceralpleural invasion (p=0.01, HR:0.57) and LVI (p=0.004, HR:0.57) for DFS. Conclusions: Although adjuvantchemotherapy is standard for early stage lymph node positive NSCLC, it has less clear importance in stage Iand IIA patients without lymph node metastasis.