��ͯ�����������֢��֬��л�쳣������Ϻ͸�Ԥ���о�

目的探寻肥胖与糖脂代谢异常的相关性及相应靶器官肝脏、心脏损害情况,以早期采取干预措施。方法选择2008年7月至2010年10月沈阳市儿童医院儿保门诊就诊的单纯性肥胖儿童516例为肥胖组,100名体检体重正常儿童为对照组。取空腹静脉血检测空腹血糖(FPG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)等指标,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及胰岛β细胞功能值(HOMA-β);对肥胖儿童行口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)和胰岛素释放试验。对所有入组者均进行肝脏和心脏超声检查。结果肥胖组收缩压、舒张压均高于对照组(P<0.05),肥胖组高血压检出率为12.0%(62/516)。肥胖组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR及HOMA-β均高于对照组(P<0.05);TC、TG、LDL-C均高于对照组,而HDL-C低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。轻、中、重度肥胖组脂肪肝发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),且随肥胖程度加重,脂肪肝发生率明显增加(χ2=12.97,P<0.001)。肥胖组心包外脂肪增厚268例,平均厚度(3.372±0.098)mm,与对照组比较差异有统计...     

肥胖儿童血浆内源性硫化氢水平变化的研究

目的 探讨肥胖儿童血浆硫化氢(H2S)水平及其影响因素.方法 2007年3月至6月选取北京大学第一医院儿科常规体检肥胖儿童36例(肥胖组),超重儿童40例(超重组),正常儿童40名(对照组).测量身高、体重,得出体重指数(BMI);常规测量血压;对其家族史进行调查.测量其血浆总胆固醇、三酰甘油(甘油三酯)、低密度脂蛋白和高密度脂蛋白水平;测定血浆H2S水平.结果 肥胖、超重组儿童体内H2S含量较对照组下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).肥胖组、超重组三酰甘油高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白较对照组显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).肥胖组收缩压较对照组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 肥胖、超重儿童血浆H2S水平降低,提示肥胖儿童体内存在舍硫氨基酸体系代谢失衡.     

人体测量指标与儿童血压的相关性研究

目的调查分析人体测量指标对儿童血压的影响。方法随机抽样检查郑州地区6 790名6~13岁儿童,测量体质指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、臀围(HC)、血压,计算腰围/臀围比(WHR)及腰围/身高比(WHtR),采用SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。结果儿童高血压检出率为5.57%。控制年龄因素后采用偏相关分析发现,男、女童的BMI、WC、HC、WHtR与收缩压和舒张压均呈显著正相关(P均0.05)。无论男女,高血压组的BMI、WC、HC、WHR和WHtR的水平均高于正常血压组,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05)。共检出肥胖儿童280名(4.12%),超重622名(9.16%)。肥胖、超重及正常体质量组的高血压比例的差异有统计学意义(P0.01),肥胖组高血压比例高于超重及正常体质量组。肥胖、超重组的收缩压、舒张压水平均高于正常体质量组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论郑州地区6~13岁儿童高血压患病率处于同年龄段儿童的中低等水平。BMI、WC、HC、WHtR与男、女童血压具有显著相关性,尤以HC较为显著。     

单纯性肥胖儿童血清胰岛素样生长因子-1水平的临床研究

目的探讨单纯性肥胖儿童是否存在胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulinlikegrowthfactor1,IGF1)水平的异常,为防治儿童单纯性肥胖开辟新的医学途径。方法检测并分析50例单纯性肥胖儿童、30例健康儿童血清胰岛素、IGF1水平及血压。结果与健康儿童比较,单纯性肥胖儿童血清胰岛素、收缩压、舒张压增高,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。肥胖的程度不同,血糖、胰岛素、IGF1水平亦不同。对照组、轻、中、重度肥胖组的血糖、胰岛素、IGF1水平差异有统计学意义(F=8.79～14.82,P均<0.05)。重度肥胖组儿童的血糖浓度高于对照组和轻度肥胖组(P<0.05),而IGF1水平低于其他三组;中、重度肥胖儿童血清胰岛素水平高于对照组及轻度肥胖组(P<0.05);单纯性肥胖儿童血压高于健康儿童(P<0.05),高胰岛素血症的肥胖儿童血压明显高于胰岛素正常的儿童(P<0.01)。高胰岛素血症肥胖儿童IGF1水平低于胰岛素正常的儿童(P<0.01)。结论单纯性肥胖儿童,尤其是重度肥胖儿童,存在高胰岛素血症、高血压、IGF1水平低下及高血糖;IGF1水平下降是单纯性肥胖儿童物质代谢紊乱的危险信号,是肥胖儿童未来心血管疾病、糖尿病等的又一危险因素。     

儿童肥胖症与内皮素及氧化低密度脂蛋白关系的探讨

目的探讨儿童肥胖所至动脉粥样硬化(AS)的早期报警指标。方法对32例中重度肥胖及20例健康正常体重儿童内皮素(ET)及氧化低密度脂蛋白(OX－LDL)进行测定。结果肥胖组ET及OX－LDL值分别高于对照组，P均＜0.01；肥胖组收缩压及舒张压均大于对照组，但P均＞0.05。其中10例肥胖儿童经6周综合减肥治疗，自身对比体重下降，P＜0.01；ET水平降低，P＜0.05；OX－LDL水平下降，P＜0.01。结论肥胖症儿童血ET与OX－LDL增高并随体重减低而减少；ET可作为早期AS的示警指标。     

单纯性肥胖症儿童血清内脂素、促酰化蛋白水平测定及其临床意义

目的 探讨血清内脂素(visfatin)和促酰化蛋白(ASP)与单纯性肥胖症儿童发病的关系及其对肥胖症防治的意义.方法 研究对象共86例,男57例,女29例;年龄7～15岁.其中单纯性肥胖儿童40例;超重儿童22例;健康对照儿童24例.采用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组儿童血清visfatin、ASP水平.结果 1.肥胖组血清visfatin与健康对照组和超重组相比,分别增加了49.80％(P＜0.05)、35.88％ (P ＜0.05).肥胖组血清ASP与健康对照组和超重组相比,分别增加了7.34％ (P ＜0.01)和5.57％(P＜0.05).超重组和健康对照组血清visfatin及ASP比较差异均无统计学意义.2.肥胖组体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数均高于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);肥胖组高密度脂蛋白和胰岛素敏感指数明显低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);肥胖组BMI、空腹胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数均高于超重组,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).3.相关性分析:血清visfatin与BMI、三酰甘油均呈正相关(r =0.218,P＜0.05;r =0.500,P＜0.01).血清ASP与BMI、总胆固醇和三酰甘油均呈正相关(r=0.268,P＜0.05;r =0.250,P＜0.05;r =0.427,P＜0.01).结论 Visfatin和ASP与肥胖关系密切,均参与肥胖儿童体内脂质代谢紊乱的发生.检测血清visfatin和ASP水平将有助于判断儿童肥胖症的发展趋势,有助于评价肥胖儿童未来发生糖尿病、心血管疾病的危险程度.     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与肥胖的分布特点

目的 探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)与肥胖的分布特点.方法 采用《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)诊断标准确诊的ADHD患儿239例为ADHD组,常规体检儿童137例为健康对照组,2组均进行体格测量,根据WHO的儿童肥胖标准,评价正常、超重及肥胖,比较ADHD组与健康对照组及ADHD组各亚型间超重及肥胖率有无差异.结果 ADHD组超重+肥胖率[98例(41.0％)]与健康对照组[39例(28.5％)]比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.01);ADHD组超重率[41例(17.2％)]与健康对照组[22例(16.1％)]比较差异无统计学意义；ADHD组肥胖率[57例(23.8％)]与健康对照组比较[17例(12.4％)]差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.01):ADHD各亚型中,Ⅰ型(注意力缺陷型)超重+肥胖率与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义(超重16例,肥胖19例,占40.3％)；Ⅱ型(多动冲动型)超重+肥胖率与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(超重5例,肥胖8例,占36.1％)；Ⅲ型(混合型)超重+肥胖率与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义(超重20例,肥胖30例,占40.3％)；3个亚型组间超重、肥胖率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)；以超重、肥胖与否分组,超重+肥胖组ADHD发病率显著高于体质量正常组(P＜0.05).结论 肥胖症为ADHD的高危因素,二者内在发病机制可能有交叉.     

FTO基因rs9939609位点多态性与儿童肥胖的相关性研究

目的探讨不同程度肥胖儿童的生化指标和脂肪含量与肥胖相关基因(FTO)rs9936609单核苷酸多态性位点(SNP)之间的相关性。方法纳入153例7~11岁儿童,其中肥胖102例、超重51例作为研究对象;160例正常体质量儿作为正常对照组。检测并比较各组间肝功能及其他生化指标的差异;利用PCR直接测序法检测FTO基因rs9939609的SNP,计算等位基因分布频率。结果 FTO基因rs9939609 TT、TA/AA基因型在肥胖、超重和正常三组间的分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.01,P0.001);其中肥胖组和超重组TA/AA基因型表达频率均分别高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P’0.014)。T、A等位基因在正常对照组、超重组和肥胖组的频率分别为96.25%和3.75%,85.29%和14.71%,85.78%和14.22%,三组间的分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=21.72,P0.001);肥胖组和超重组A等位基因频率均分别高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P’0.014)。TA、AA基因型携带者体质指数(BMI)高于TT型携带者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 FTO基因rs9939609多态性和儿童肥胖的发生与发展有相关性,A等位基因可导致携带者BMI升高。     

4岁儿童体重状态与早期血压、心脏结构功能改变的研究

目的探讨4岁儿童体重状态与早期血压、心脏结构功能改变的相关性。方法在队列研究平台上, 通过横断面分析儿童体重状态和心血管指标的关系, 于2017至2020年在由上海新华医院牵头的"上海优生儿童队列"平台中, 对1 477名4岁儿童进行身高、体重、血压测量和心脏超声检查。根据不同体质指数(BMI)进行分类, 将研究对象分为5组(消瘦、体重过轻、正常、超重及肥胖), 利用单因素方差分析比较不同组间血压水平及心脏结构功能指标, 通过多因素线性回归模型分析儿童血压及心脏结构功能与体重状态之间的关联, 并采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析不同体重状态是否为儿童早期血压升高和左心室肥厚的独立危险因素。结果纳入的1 477名儿童中男772名、女705名。男童超重及肥胖115例(14.9%), 女童超重及肥胖68例(9.6%)。正常体重儿童916名(62.0%), 消瘦75例(5.1%), 体重过轻303例(20.5%), 超重130例(8.8%), 肥胖53例(3.6%)。各组对比发现, BMI越高, 4岁儿童的收缩压、舒张压、左心室质量指数、左心室后壁收缩期厚度、左心室后壁舒张期厚度、左心室收...     

北京市7～17岁儿童青少年血压与肥胖状态的关系分析

目的探讨北京市7～17岁儿童青少年血压与肥胖状态[依据不同划分标准:体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、体脂百分比(FMP)]的关系。方法选取2004年4月至10月进行的"北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征研究"(BCAMS)中19488名7～17岁儿童青少年(男9824名,女9664名)为研究对象,按照BMI、WC、FMP标准分别划分儿童青少年超重和肥胖状态,分析其血压与BMI、WC、FMP关系,高血压状态的变化及趋势。结果各种划分标准中血压按正常、超重和肥胖组顺序依次升高;控制年龄和性别后,BMI、WC、FMP与收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)成独立正相关关系(P0.001);BMI、WC、FMP超重组和肥胖组的高血压发生率显著高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),肥胖组患高血压的相对危险度是正常组的3～7倍;BMI分组分别与FMP、WC分组组合,BMI肥胖,FMP肥胖组及BMI肥胖,腹型肥胖组患高血压风险分别是正常组的7.3和6.8倍。结论儿童青少年BMI、WC和FMP与SBP和DBP密切相关,用BMI指标预测儿童青少年高血压风险较WC及FMP更敏感;儿童青少年超重和肥胖增加高血压的发生风险,其高血压发生率随着肥胖程度增加呈现成倍上升趋势。     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

�¶�֢��ϵ�ϰ���ע��ȱ�ݶද�ϰ������ڵ�ת��

孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

---

---

Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.