盐酸格拉司琼体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的观察盐酸格拉司琼在体外对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌抑菌作用的影响。方法将盐酸格拉司琼注射液用无菌生理盐水稀释至终浓度分别为0.5、0.25、0.125和0.0625 mg/mL,与大肠埃希杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、和铜绿假单胞菌培养,每个实验重复三遍,所有菌株的稀释的系列测定均进行两次。结果格拉司琼对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌均有明显的抑菌作用,格拉司琼对大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用随着格拉司琼浓度的增加而增加,至0.0625 mg/mL时仍有明显的抑菌作用(P<0.05)。格拉司琼对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌作用在格拉司琼浓度为0.125 mg/mL时消失。结论格拉司琼在体外可以抑制大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌的生长,对于预防麻醉相关的感染可能有一定的临床意义。     

宁泌泰胶囊对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜的抑制作用

目的:检测宁泌泰胶囊对表皮葡萄球菌体外培养生物膜的抑制作用,探讨其抗菌机制。方法:体外培养表皮葡萄球菌产膜菌株,使用半定量粘附实验结晶紫染色法及刚果红实验检测,评估宁泌泰胶囊对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜的抑制作用。宁泌泰胶囊处理后,检测表皮葡萄球菌对氧化胁迫耐受及抗生素敏感性(最小抑菌浓度)的变化,并通过实时荧光定量PCR检测氧化应激响应基因serp2195和gpx A-2转录水平变化。结果:结晶紫染色法显示,宁泌泰胶囊能够显著抑制表皮葡萄球菌生物膜的形成(P0.001),刚果红实验结果与此一致。在宁泌泰胶囊20 mg/m L浓度条件下,表皮葡萄球菌对氧化胁迫耐受性减弱了8倍,对氯霉素及红霉素敏感性均增强了4倍;实时荧光定量PCR显示,与阴性对照组相比氧化应激响应基因serp2195和gpx A-2转录水平分别降低至22.9%和24.5%。结论:宁泌泰胶囊对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜具有显著抑制作用,减弱细菌对氧化胁迫耐受性,其机制可能通过下调表皮葡萄球菌氧化应激响应基因serp2195和gpx A-2表达水平实现;同时宁泌泰胶囊可以减弱表皮葡萄球菌对抗生素耐药性。     

盐酸昂丹司琼体外抑菌作用的实验研究

目的观察盐酸昂丹司琼在体外对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌抑菌作用的影响。。方法将盐酸昂丹司琼注射液用无菌生理盐水稀释至终浓度分别为0.5、0.25、0.125和0.0625 mg/mL,与大肠埃希杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、和铜绿假单胞菌培养,每个实验重复三遍,所有菌株的稀释的系列测定均进行两次。结果昂丹司琼对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌均有明显的抑菌作用,昂丹司琼对大肠埃希菌的抑菌作用随着昂丹司琼浓度的增加而增加,至0.0625 mg/mL时仍有明显的抑菌作用(P<0.05)。昂丹司琼对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌作用在昂丹司琼浓度为0.125 mg/mL时消失。结论昂丹司琼在体外可以抑制大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌的生长,对于预防麻醉相关的感染可能有一定的临床意义。     

肛周脓肿的病原菌分布与防护措施

正1资料与方法1.1一般资料收集河北省容城县人民医院2017年9月—2018年8月收治的肛周脓肿患者其中男70例,女23例;年龄3～70岁,平均(38.2±12.3)岁。无菌操作抽取肛周脓液进行细菌培养,培养阳性的菌株进行细菌菌种鉴定及抗菌药物敏感试验。采用质控标准菌株大肠埃希菌(ATCC25922)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)进行细菌鉴定和药敏质量控制。     

壳聚糖碘,碘町,安尔碘抑菌效果观察

研究对比壳聚糖碘,碘町,安尔碘对金黄色葡萄球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,大肠埃希氏菌的抑菌效果.方法纸片琼脂扩散法.结果对于金黄色葡萄球菌,铜绿假单胞菌,大肠埃希氏菌壳聚糖碘与安尔碘有相同的抑菌作用.     

几丁聚糖和透明质酸钠抑菌作用的研究

目的　比较几丁聚糖和透明质酸钠的抑菌作用及抑菌范围。方法　对奇异变形杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌进行培养。每种细菌培养 33管 ,其中 30管分为 A、B及 C组 ,按倍比稀释法在 A组加入高相对分子量 (Mr)几丁聚糖 ,B组加入低 Mr几丁聚糖 ,C组加入透明质酸钠 ;另 3管为对照组 (D组 )。37℃恒温下培养 18小时 ,观察细菌的生长情况。结果　 A组最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)为 :奇异变形杆菌 0 .0 31% ,大肠埃希氏菌 0 .0 6 3% ,白色念珠菌 0 .0 6 3% ,铜绿假单胞菌 0 .0 6 3% ,金黄色葡萄球菌 0 .0 6 3% ;B组 MIC为 :奇异变形杆菌0 .12 5 % ,大肠埃希氏菌 0 .2 5 % ,白色念珠菌 0 .2 5 % ,铜绿假单胞菌 0 .2 5 % ,金黄色葡萄球菌 0 .12 5 %。 C组和 D组各管都有细菌生长。结论　透明质酸钠无抑菌作用 ;几丁聚糖有广谱抑菌作用 ,而高相对分子量几丁聚糖抑菌能力较强。     

248株血液标本检出细菌临床特征及耐药性分析

目的了解血液感染常见细菌分布及耐药特点,为临床血液感染治疗提供实验依据。 方法回顾性分析2010年3月至2013年10月临床阳性血培养资料。 结果共检出细菌248株,分离率排前3位的依次是大肠埃希菌（40.73%）、表皮葡萄球菌（19.76%）和肺炎克雷伯菌（9.27%）。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌检出率分别为44.55%和20.69%,产酶菌株耐药性严重,检出亚胺培南耐药和美罗培南耐药的大肠埃希菌。甲氧西林耐药金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和甲氧西林耐药表皮葡萄球菌（MRSE）检出率分别为46.67%和69.39%,未发现万古霉素、替考拉宁耐药菌株,葡萄球菌耐药率较低的药物还有利奈唑胺和奎奴普丁-达福普丁。 结论血液感染细菌以肠杆菌科细菌为主,敏感药物为碳青霉烯类。应加强血液感染监测,及时了解其病原菌分布与耐药特点,制定有效的抗菌治疗方案,提高治愈率。     

次氯酸对大肠埃希菌生物膜的作用及大肠埃希菌感染创面的临床疗效

目的:探讨次氯酸对大肠埃希菌生物膜的作用及其对大肠埃希菌感染创面的临床疗效。方法:收集从解放军联勤保障部队第940医院5个临床科室2019年9—12月25例患者（男16例、女9例,年龄32~67岁）送检标本分离出的大肠埃希菌菌株中细菌生物膜形成能力最强的1株菌进行实验研究。将大肠埃希菌分别与162.96、81.48、4...     

肛周脓肿病原菌的分布及药敏性分析

为探查肛周脓肿致病病原菌种类．提高治疗效果,将就诊的560例肛周脓肿病人脓液进行细菌培养,分离后进行药敏试验。结果显示,大肠埃希菌占75．0比．其次为变形杆菌占6．4％．链球菌占5．0％．金黄色葡萄球菌、微球菌各占3．8％,粘质沙雷菌1．6％,表皮葡萄球菌1．3％,杰尔沟维肠杆菌1．1％,棒状杆菌0．9％,佛劳地枸橼酸杆菌、施氏假单胞菌各占0,5％,腐生葡萄球菌0．2％;其中81例为两种菌株混合感染。在常见抗生素药敏试验中．大肠埃希菌、变形杆菌、链球菌、微球菌对阿米卡星、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢唑林及环丙沙星敏感;而金黄色葡萄球菌、粘质沙雷菌均对阿米卡星、头孢哌酮敏感,而大多数菌株对青霉素、新诺明／甲氧苄啶（SMZ／TMP）、氨苄西林、苯唑青霉素抗药。结果表明。大肠埃希菌为肛周脓肿的主要致病菌。致病菌耐药逐渐增多．治疗时需注意致病菌种类而选用有效抗生素。     

伤口感染病原菌构成及耐药性分析

目的 了解我国创伤及术后伤口感染患者细菌分布及耐药状况.方法 采用纸片法、MIC法或E-TEST法,使用WHONET5.4软件进行分析,对卫生部全国细菌耐药性监测网所属86家三级甲等医院2006年6月1日至2007年5月31日分离的创伤及术后感染分泌物菌株进行分析.结果 (1)共分离细菌2125株,包括革兰阳性(G~+)菌994株(46.8%)和革兰阴性(G~-)菌1131株(53.2%),前三位细菌分别为葡萄球菌(780株、36.7%)、大肠埃希菌(338株、15.9%)和铜绿假单胞菌(231株、10.9%);(2)头孢西丁耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的检出率分别为38.2%和84.1%,未发现对糖肽类耐药的葡萄球菌.(3)大肠埃希菌对三代、四代头孢萧素的耐药率约为60%～65%,对氟喹诺酮的耐药率为70%.(4)成人患者分离的葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类和喹诺酮类药物的耐药率明显高于儿童;(5)门急诊来源的葡萄球菌对头孢菌素、喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类的耐药率明显低于住院患者来源细菌. 结论创伤及术后伤口感染的主要致病菌为葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和铜绿假单胞菌,MRSA检出率较同期整体监测细菌低,大肠埃希菌对头孢菌素耐药率较整体监测细菌高;成人分离菌耐药率高于儿童,门诊高于住院患者.     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.