单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形分类的研究

目的 建立单侧唇裂术后继发鼻咽形的分类方法。方法 观察５６例单侧唇裂术后患者外鼻石膏模型各标志点间距离,发现总结鼻畸形的特征;在术中观察鼻软骨间的相对位置关系。结果 将鼻畸形分成３度：Ⅰ度鼻畸形仅表现患侧鼻下１／３形态异常;Ⅱ主莅 健侧鼻下１／３形态受累;Ⅲ度伴鼻背偏斜。结论 此分类方法简单易行,可为临床修复鼻畸形选择手术方法提供依据。     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的Ⅱ期整复

材料与方法1.自 1998年 8月至今作者在门诊手术室对 32例单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形患者进行Ⅱ期整复 ,其中男 14例 ,女 18例。年龄 13～ 2 9岁 ,平均 16岁。 15例术前曾行齿槽裂植骨修复术 ,2例曾行双重牙列修复术。图 1　经鼻小柱基底的“Ｕ”型切口　　图 2　经患侧鼻翼基底的类“Ｙ”型切口　　 2 .手术方法2 .1　双侧眶下神经阻滞麻醉及鼻部浸润麻醉。2 .2　经鼻小柱基底的“Ｕ”型切开患侧鼻翼软骨外侧脚 ,于鼻小柱与上唇皮肤交界处作一横切口 ,继沿鼻小柱两侧鼻孔内缘作隐蔽切口 ,健侧至鼻翼软骨内外侧脚交界处 ,患侧再向外延伸约 2～ 3…     

单侧唇裂鼻畸形形成机制研究进展

<正>单侧唇裂患者常常合并或轻或重的鼻畸形,但 鼻畸形的发病机制还未完全阐明,现对其研究进展 作一综述。 1 单侧唇裂鼻畸形形成的胚胎学机制 传统的胚胎学认为在胚胎发育期,间质细胞大 量增生、分化形成前鼻突、侧鼻突和中鼻突,相互融 合构成面中部结构。Carstens的面中部胚胎发育 区域理论则把胚胎发生期内中线结构(鼻小柱、人 中、前颌、鼻中隔、梨骨、筛骨)看作是由成对的A区 向近中漂移、融合而来。单侧唇裂位点位于A、B区 交界面,中鼻突、侧鼻突即C、D区的融合程度决定 了裂隙的最终形态。     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的修复

单侧唇裂患者修复之后,常因术后遗鼻部畸形而再次要求手术治疗。鉴于目前对于鼻畸形的矫正方法很多,但尚无一种手术方法能得到满意的治疗效果。我们自1991年以来,依据产生鼻畸形解剖因素和唇裂鼻畸形主要特征,应用自体耳甲软骨游离移植行唇裂术后鼻畸形矫治53例,其中32例经0.5年～1年随诊效果良好。     

单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的影响因素分析

目的：研究单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的影响因素。方法：收集2005年1月—2006年12月就诊于中国医科大学口腔医院的单侧唇裂术后患者150例,拍摄患者正位、侧位和仰位照片,根据鼻尖、鼻翼、鼻小柱、鼻中隔、鼻背和骨组织畸形程度,对150例患者单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形的严重程度进行评价,分为轻度、中度、重度组,筛选性别、患侧、年龄、原有唇裂畸形严重程度、唇裂整复术术式、一期鼻整形术、牙槽突裂和上颌骨发育等因素,应用SPSS13.0软件包分析单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形形成中的影响因素。结果：鼻畸形严重程度分组符合评价一致率50%以上患者143例,轻度鼻畸形33例,中度鼻畸形65例,重度鼻畸形45例。性别和患侧对唇裂术后继发鼻畸形无显著影响（P〉0.05）,对唇裂术后继发鼻畸形有影响的因素为年龄（P=0.019）、唇裂严重程度（P=0.000）、唇裂整复术式（P=0.000）、一期鼻整形术（P=0.000）、上颌骨发育（P=0.000）和牙槽突裂（P=0.000）。结论：年龄、原有唇裂畸形的严重程度、唇裂术式选择、一期鼻整形术、上颌骨的发育程度及牙槽突裂是唇裂术后鼻畸形的影响因素。二期鼻整形术前,必须去除上述因素的影响,才能获得理想的术后效果。     

自体软骨移植联合鼻唇肌复位术矫治单侧唇裂术后继发鼻畸形

目的探讨自体鼻中隔软骨与耳软骨联合移植同时行鼻唇肌复位术在单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形矫正中的疗效。方法将松解移位的鼻翼软骨悬吊复位至正常解剖位置,切取自体鼻中隔软骨修整成形后植入鼻翼软骨两内侧脚间,耳软骨植入充填患侧鼻翼,同期行鼻唇肌复位术,重建鼻软骨肌肉环,修复鼻部畸形。结果 26例鼻畸形患者术后不同程度改善,随访2～9个月,鼻外形美观,效果满意。结论应用自体鼻中隔及耳软骨移植重建鼻软骨支架同时行鼻唇肌复位术能有效矫正单侧唇裂术后鼻畸形。     

单侧唇裂鼻畸形外科矫治的探讨

单侧唇裂鼻畸形的矫治应该是唇裂治疗中不可分割的一个重要组成部分,但却是一个极难以完美解决的难题,故历来都是颌面外科及整形外科医师比较关注的热点。唇裂鼻畸形的修复方法很多,然而效果均不甚理想,实有探讨其原因的必要。近年来,通过对     

单侧唇裂鼻畸形一期治疗研究进展

单侧唇裂一期修复术后鼻唇部畸形的发生率较高,国内外学者均对减少单侧唇裂一期修复术后鼻唇部畸形的发生率或畸形的严重程度进行研究,但迄今仍没有形成统一的观点. 本文对单侧唇裂鼻畸形早期干预研究作一综述,介绍目前研究现状及一些新技术在该领域中的应用,为提高单侧唇裂鼻畸形的修复效果提供参考.     

单侧唇裂鼻畸形矫正术

单侧唇裂鼻畸形的矫正,目前无定型术式,修复时间亦有争论。该文采用适当分离鼻翼软骨的一期矫正术和彻底矫正鼻畸形的二期系列矫正术,收到良好的效果。与唇裂修复同时进行的一期鼻矫正术应于婴幼儿期施行。二期矫正术应于5岁以后施行,待鼻组织接近发育完成或发育完全后再手术,疗效更稳定。一期手术时要防止鼻创伤过大,影响鼻的发育,造成患侧小鼻孔畸形的不良后果。     

应用"L"型硅胶假体与膨体聚四氟乙烯补片修复单侧唇裂鼻畸形17例报道

目的:探讨应用“L”型硅胶假体与膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)补片修复单侧唇裂鼻畸形的方法及效果。方法:在纠正错位软骨的基础上,在“L”型硅胶假体上的鼻尖部附加一(ePTFE)薄片,用5-0尼龙线将两者缝合固定,对单侧唇裂鼻畸形患者进行鼻背、鼻尖、鼻翼、鼻小柱的加固和塑形。结果:“L”型硅胶假体与(ePTFE)补片联用,可使扁平的鼻梁、鼻尖及塌陷的鼻翼抬起,使鼻小柱挺立,大大改善了鼻的外观,效果满意,优良11例,改善6例。结论:应用“L”型硅胶假体与ePTFE修复单侧唇裂鼻畸形,是一种简便有效的方法。     

应用CT三维重建评价单侧唇腭裂术后鼻翼基底的位置

目的:通过CT三维重建测量分析单侧唇腭裂继发鼻畸形患者鼻翼基底软、硬组织的对称性。方法:对101例单侧唇腭裂术后鼻畸形患者的CT数据进行三维重建,将病例分为A、B 2组,A组为69例未接受牙槽突裂植骨手术的鼻畸形患者,B组为32例接受牙槽突裂植骨手术的患者,就INM、LPA、IPA、Gbase、Gsup、Glat、Sbal等反应梨状孔周围骨性结构的鼻翼基底部软组织标志点的对称性进行测量分析,应用SPSS 11.5软件包,对2组资料中的左右侧成对测量指标进行配对t检验,观察其到各个标准平面的距离有无显著差异。结果:健-患侧的对称性分析结果显示,A组患侧LPA,IPA点较健侧偏后、下、外侧,4对软组织标志点在患侧均较健侧偏后。B组患侧的LPA、IPA点较健侧偏下,仅LPA点较健侧偏后,患侧的Glat较健侧偏后、下,Sbal点偏后。结论:三维CT测量结果提示,未行牙槽突裂植骨术的患者在梨状孔中下份的骨性结构呈现出明显的不对称,裂隙侧无论是在水平方向还是垂直方向,都较健侧明显偏移。而接受牙槽突裂植骨手术的患者,其梨状孔结构的对称性也低于预期。     

单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形的手术矫正

目的 分析单侧唇裂鼻畸形产生机制,采用相应手术方法对不同年龄患者进行矫正治疗,探讨单侧唇裂鼻畸形手术效果的影响因素.方法 对患侧鼻翼软骨充分松解后与健侧鼻软骨缝合悬吊固定,在同侧鼻前庭黏膜皱褶处采用"Z"成形术,在鼻小柱基部及患侧鼻翼外侧基部的皮下及肌层悬吊固定.纠正鼻翼塌陷、鼻尖过低、鼻小柱偏斜等畸形.结果 56例患者中,鼻翼塌陷矫正满意者占80%,基本满意占18%;鼻尖高度改善满意占78%,基本满意占18%;鼻孔形态对称性及宽度满意占46%,基本满意占44%.总体满意度为94.6%.结论 唇裂继发鼻畸形矫正时对患侧鼻翼软骨的充分松解游离是关键环节,患侧鼻前庭黏膜皱褶不仅影响鼻部形态甚至通气功能,还可能使鼻畸形的表现更显突出,因而对鼻前庭黏膜皱褶的矫正也是十分重要的,尤其在矫正患侧鼻翼塌陷畸形方面有明显辅助作用.     

鼻畸形矫正术在初期唇裂修复术中的应用评价

目的：观察术前已完成鼻牙槽塑形矫治患儿在初期唇裂修补术中同期行鼻畸形矫正术对术后鼻外形的美观与对称效果的影响。方法：选择已完成术前鼻牙槽塑形矫治患儿69例,均采用改良旋转推进唇裂修复术实施手术。术中根据患侧外鼻形态恢复状况,确定是否行鼻畸形矫正术,其中32例行鼻畸形矫正术,37例未行鼻畸形矫正术。2组均采用术后第4～5年面容照片打分方式进行鼻外形评定。评定结果采用SPSS10．0软件包进行配对t检验。结果：唇裂修复术同期行鼻畸形矫正组和未行鼻畸形矫正组患儿,术后第4～5年鼻外形的美观与对称性平均得分为70．66±10．89和64．14±10．63．鼻畸形矫正组术后鼻外形显著优于未行鼻畸形矫正组,2组差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论：唇裂修复术中同期行鼻畸形矫正术的患儿,其术后鼻外形的美观与对称性进一步改善,且对外鼻的生长发育无不良影响。     

Single-stage repair of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformity in adults

Correction of cleft lip-nose deformity in adult patients is different from that in children. One-stage correction has proved to be a suitable technique for patients with cleft-lip nose deformity. This study aimed to explore a particular single-stage method and evaluate the effect of simultaneous reparation of secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.Cleft lip patients who had previously undergone nasolabial surgery with residual poor nasal/lip appearance were included. The alveolar bone defect was repaired with granular costal cortical bone. Lip revision and rhinoplasty were performed using diced costal cartilage. The lip, nose, and alveolar deformities were corrected in one stage.From 2011 to 2017, 53 cases were treated. The vermilion discrepancy was corrected in all cases. Fifty-one patients were successfully treated, with primary healing in the bony recipient area. Cancellous bone exposure occurred in two cases. The wounds were healed after debridement and drainage. Appearances were improved in all patients. The mean change in columella–labial angle ranged from 82.50 to 92.78° (p < 0.001).This one-stage correction appears to have led to a distinct improvement in the nasal tip projection and lip. The method is considered to be effective and reliable in patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip-nose deformities.     

利用CT三维重建技术研究唇腭裂患者鼻腔畸形

目的利用三维重建技术研究唇腭裂继发鼻畸形患者鼻腔畸形特点。方法 收集34名单侧唇腭裂继发鼻畸形患者(平均年龄19岁)及39例健康人(平均年龄23岁)的CT数据,利用mimics17.0软件提供的工具对其进行表面重建法三维重建,获得关于其解剖形态的相关信息。结果单侧唇腭裂继发鼻畸形患者鼻腔畸形主要表现为,患侧总鼻道、中鼻道、下鼻道狭窄和堵塞;健侧总鼻道中部偏向患侧,前部及末端偏向健侧;患侧鼻阈区狭窄及后移位;患侧鼻底下沉。鼻畸形患者患侧鼻腔体积小于健侧。健侧、患侧平均体积相差约1.5cm 3。鼻畸形患者鼻腔体积平均为13.11cm 3,健康人鼻腔体积平均为17.85cm3,平均相差约4cm 3。鼻畸形患者鼻腔黏膜面积大于健康人。鼻畸形患者鼻腔黏膜面积/鼻腔体积比大于健康人。结论 三维重建显示唇腭裂继发鼻畸形患者鼻腔形态与健康人之间存在明显差异。     

鼻牙槽骨塑形对单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术后鼻外形的影响

目的：探讨术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治对单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿术后长期鼻外形美观与对称性的影响。方法：84例患儿按改良式旋转推进唇裂修复术实施手术。其中，经过术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治42例，未经术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治42例。均采用术后4～5a照片打分方式进行鼻外形评定，而后分组进行比较。采用SPSS10．0软件包进行配对样本t检验。结果：经过术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治和未经术前鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治患儿，术后4～5a鼻外形的美观与对称性平均得分分别为66．62±14．25和66．31±15．08，两者之间无显著统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：单纯术前应用鼻牙槽骨塑形矫治纠正单侧完全性唇腭裂患儿鼻畸形，而未对单侧唇裂鼻畸形形成的解剖学机制进行有效干预，手术后良好的鼻外形无法长期维持。     

Secondary correction of nasal deformities in cleft lip patients using acellular dermal matrix grafting on the nasal tip with open rhinoplasty

Secondary nasal deformities in patients with unilateral cleft lip represent surgical challenges. Open rhinoplasty involving repositioning of the lower lateral cartilage has been shown to be a suitable technique for patients with cleft lip and nose deformities. This study aimed to explore a particular method of rhinoplasty and to assess the aesthetic outcomes for secondary unilateral cleft lip and nose deformities following its use. Fifty-seven patients treated for secondary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities from January 2012 to December 2018 were enrolled in the study. Open rhinoplasty combined with a reverse-U incision and acellular dermal matrix grafting on the nasal tip was performed in all patients by the same surgeon. In our follow-up study we evaluated the results by measuring angles on photographs and scoring the appearance before and after operation. Data were statistically analysed using the t test. Appearances were improved in all patients. Both the alar base-nasal tip-columellar base angle and the nostril axis angles were smaller postoperatively (p < 0.001). According to the outcome scores, most patients (53/57) agreed that there was an obvious improvement in the appearance of their noses following surgery, and overall they were satisfied with the results of the revision procedure. A distinct improvement in nasal appearance can be achieved with this rhinoplasty. Our surgical method is effective and reliable in patients with secondary unilateral cleft lip and nose deformities, and is worth promoting in the clinic.     

Nasal symmetry after different techniques of primary lip repair for unilateral complete cleft lip with or without cleft of the alveolus and palate: A systematic review

The aim of this systematic review was to establish the effect of different surgical repairs for the lip on nasal symmetry. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Ovid databases search was performed initially for only English-language articles, in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip with or without cleft alveolus and palate (UCCLAP) who were younger than 1 year of age and undergoing cleft lip repair, and are published from the earliest data available up to December 31, 2020. The primary outcome variable was nasal symmetry, with reported complications being secondary variables. A qualitative synthesis was provided. A total of 19,828 records were obtained, and 17 articles were selected for final review. Assessment of the risk of bias of the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (N-1) was done with the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB-2) tool, and the ROBINS-I tool was used for non-randomized studies (n = 14). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was applied to evaluate the quality of the body of evidence. The majority of the included studies compared the triangular repair with the rotation advancement (RA) techniques, and preferred RA or its modifications. In terms of the nasal symmetry, the Fisher repair proved to be superior to the RA technique. Neither RA nor straight line repair was superior to one another. The Delaire technique may be preferred over the modified RA. Also, satisfactory outcomes were observed with simultaneous lip?nose repair. This systematic review examined a plethora of techniques, and the heterogeneity between studies was very high regarding type of surgery, method of nasal symmetry assessment, and length of follow-up, thus producing low-quality evidence; therefore, results should be interpreted with caution. Future research requires RCTs with larger sample sizes and appropriate length of follow-up, and surgeries preferably performed by a single experienced surgeon.