Decreased glutamate dehydrogenase protein in spinocerebellar degeneration.

A radioimmunoassay system for determining content of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in human leukocytes was established and studied in 14 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia or atypical Parkinsonism. The protein content of leukocyte GDH was decreased in four patients and the reduction in the protein content was proportional to that in the enzyme activity. The ratio of GDH activity to protein content was invariable in healthy controls, diseased controls and patients with reduced GDH activity. These results suggested that at least a portion of the partial GDH deficiency was due to the decreased level of the enzyme protein.     

齐拉西酮与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症对照研究

目的：探讨齐拉西酮与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的临床疗效与安全性。方法：将64例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为齐拉西酮组32例与奥氮平组32例,治疗8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效,采用治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果：齐拉西酮组总有效率为84.4%,奥氮平组为87.5%,两组差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。齐拉西酮组主要不良反应是失眠,奥氮平组是体质量增加和血糖升高。结论：齐拉西酮与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症均有良好疗效,2药不良反应均较轻。     

奥氮平治疗精神分裂症临床观察

目的：探讨奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效与安全性。方法：对123例精神分裂症患者随机分成两组,奥氮平组61例,氯氮平组62例,于治疗前和治疗1、2、4、6、8周末进行阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）及副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果：奥氮平与氯氮平总的疗效差异无显著性;在认知因子和阴性症状方面,以奥氮平显著较好。奥氮平主要不良反应明显低于氯氮平。结论：奥氮平是一种安全、有效的非典型抗精神病药。     

奥氮平对精神分裂症患者睡眠的影响

目的 探讨喹硫平治疗老年期痴呆患者精神行为症状的临床疗效和不良反应.方法 50例老年痴呆患者按入院先后次序分成喹硫平组与阿普唑仑组,并在治疗前及治疗8周后进行评价,采用阿尔茨海默病病理行为评分表(BEHAVE-AD)评价疗效,采用不良反应量表(TESS)及有关实验室检查评价不良反应.结果 喹硫平与阿普唑仑对老年期痴呆患者伴发的精神行为症状均有效.喹硫平组有效率为87.5%,阿普唑仑组有效率为66.7%,无统计学差异(χ2 = 1.73,P=0.995).喹硫平治疗8周后 BEHAVE-AD总分及各因子分均下降,其中在幻觉、行为紊乱、攻击行为3个因子的得分比阿普唑仑组明显下降.喹硫平的不良反应较阿普唑仑轻,主要的不良反应是嗜睡、头晕和口干.结论 喹硫平和阿普唑仑均可用于治疗老年期痴呆的精神行为症状,喹硫平的优势在于治疗老年期痴呆患者的行为和幻觉症状疗效更加明显.     

喹硫平治疗老年期痴呆患者精神行为症状的临床观察

目的探讨喹硫平治疗老年期痴呆患者精神行为症状的临床疗效和不良反应。方法50例老年痴呆患者按入院先后次序分成喹硫平组与阿普唑仑组,并在治疗前及治疗8周后进行评价,采用阿尔茨海默病病理行为评分表（BEHAVE-AD）评价疗效,采用不良反应量表（TESS）及有关实验室检查评价不良反应。结果喹硫平与阿普唑仑对老年期痴呆患者伴发的精神行为症状均有效。喹硫平组有效率为87．5％,阿普唑仑组有效率为66．7％,无统计学差异（χ^2=1．73,P=0．995）。喹硫平治疗8周后BEHAVE—AD总分及各因子分均下降,其中在幻觉、行为紊乱、攻击行为3个因子的得分比阿普唑仑组明显下降。喹硫平的不良反应较阿普唑仑轻,主要的不良反应是嗜睡、头晕和口干。结论喹硫平和阿普唑仑均可用于治疗老年期痴呆的精神行为症状,喹硫平的优势在于治疗老年期痴呆患者的行为和幻觉症状疗效更加明显。     

Normal cerebellar glutamate dehydrogenase protein in spinocerebellar degeneration.

Immunochemical analyses (Western blots) of cerebellar homogenates for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from patients with spinocerebellar degeneration and control subjects were conducted. Four patients with autosomal dominant Joseph disease type of spinocerebellar degeneration, one patient with autosomal dominant olivopontocerebellar degeneration and four control subjects were studied. GDH was of the same molecular weight and amount in all patients and control subjects. These data together with normal GDH activity from these same homogenates published previously support the view that GDH is not involved in the pathogenesis of these types of dominantly inherited spinocerebellar degeneration.     

Long-term olanzapine treatment and p300 parameters in schizophrenia

The well-known amplitude reduction of the P300 appears to be unaffected by the treatment with classical antipsychotics in schizophrenia, whereas the effects of atypical neuroleptics on this event-related potential are less understood. The study of these changes could help in deciding whether the P300 amplitude reduction in schizophrenia is a trait or state marker of that illness and in better describing the effect of atypical antipsychotics on altered cognitive functions. We present a prospective longitudinal study of P300 amplitude and latency before and after 6 months' treatment with olanzapine in 11 patients with schizophrenia. A healthy control group (n = 30) was also studied. Overall, no significant changes, either in amplitude or in latency as measured at Pz and Fz electrodes, were found when comparing the pre- and postolanzapine conditions, despite the overall improvement in positive and negative symptoms. Nevertheless a direct specific association was observed between a P300 amplitude increase with olanzapine and the improvement in negative symptoms. These data would suggest that P300 amplitude reduction in schizophrenia may be relatively independent from clinical state and treatment, thus constituting a trait marker of schizophrenia. Our data also suggest that, in addition to this, some further changes in P300 amplitude might depend on the clinical state of the patients.     

奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的探讨奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效及不良反应。方法将213例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组（奥氮平治疗）和对照组（氯丙嗪治疗），共治疗8周，治疗前后应用简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）、住院患者观察量表（NOSIE）和副反应量表（TESS）分别评定疗效及不良反应。结果在治疗后的第2周末、第8周末，研究组的BPRS各因子分及总分均低于对照组，差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。在治疗后的第2周末、第8周末，研究组的NOSIE的社会功能、个人整洁、总积极因素因子分及病情总估计分均高于对照组，抑郁、迟缓及总消极因素因子分均低于对照组，差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。奥氮平组的不良反应少于氯丙嗪组。结论奥氮平可有效改善精神分裂症患者的精神病症状和社会功能。     

A comparative effectiveness study of risperidone and olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Risperidone and olanzapine have each been demonstrated to be efficacious and safe in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia. To evaluate their relative effectiveness, and to better understand the advantages and limitations of each neuroleptic during actual clinical use, we compared one directly against the other. METHOD: Forty-two subjects with DSM-IV schizophrenia had received open-label treatment with either risperidone or olanzapine. Symptoms, global functioning, and extrapyramidal side effects before and after acute treatment were compared within and across groups. At 6-month follow-up, the relative effectiveness of these 2 atypical neuroleptics on symptoms and quality of life were further evaluated. RESULTS: Following an average of 4 weeks of acute treatment, both risperidone and olanzapine were effective in reducing negative, psychotic, and disorganized symptoms. Although both neuroleptics were associated with low occurrence of treatment-emergent parkinsonism, risperidone was more likely to induce akathisia. The measures for parkinsonism were no different across treatment groups, even after taking into account the higher rate of anticholinergic use in the risperidone group. Following 6 months of treatment with these 2 atypical neuroleptics, there was a significantly greater reduction in psychotic symptoms among risperidone-treated subjects. Otherwise, risperidone and olanzapine appear to be equally effective in reducing disorganized and negative symptoms and in improving the quality of life. CONCLUSION: Risperidone and olanzapine were equally effective as acute treatments. Risperidone was more effective for treatment of psychotic symptoms at 6 months, but otherwise the 2 medications were equally effective in the routine clinical care of patients with schizophrenia. If low (<6 mg/day) doses of risperidone are used, the 2 medications have comparable rates of parkinsonian side effects.     

奥氮平与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的 评价奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效和副作用。方法 将39例精神分裂症患者随机分成2组，分别给予奥氮平与氯氮平治疗8周，采用PANSS．CGI评价临床疗效，TESS评价不良反应。结果 奥氮平组与氯氮平组之间疗效无显著性差异，奥氮平组治疗前后PANSS减分率45．7％，有效率78．90％；氯氮平组治疗前后PANSS减分率44．9％，有效率75．0%；氯氮平组副反应明显高于奥氮平组。结论 奥氯平是一种安全有效的新型抗精神病药。     

奥氮平与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的　研究奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法　分析 6 1例用奥氮平治疗 6周的精神分裂症病例 ,并与 6 1例用氯氮平治疗的精神分裂症病例作对照 ,采用阳性及阴性症状量表 (PANSS)的减分率评价疗效 ,用副作用量表 (TESS)评价 6周末的副作用。结果　 6周末PANSS量表总分、阳性症状分、阴性症状分和一般病理分与治疗前比较 ,两组差异均有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,但两组间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。于 2周末两组间除一般病理分外 ,余差异均有极显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;于第四周末一般病理分差异也有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;副作用两组间比较 ,奥氮平组明显小于氯氮平组。结论　奥氮平治疗精神分裂症疗效好、起效快、副作用小。     

奥氮平与阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的:比较奥氮平与阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效与安全性。方法:100例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,每组各50例。分别给予奥氮平和阿立哌唑治疗,疗程8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床疗效总评量表疾病严重程度(CGI-SI)、治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:两组PANSS总分及CGI-SI评分均较治疗前显著下降(P均<0.01)。奥氮平组显效率76.0%,阿立哌唑组显效率72.0%,两组疗效相仿(P>0.05)。奥氮平组嗜睡、体质量增加、血脂升高的不良反应均明显高于阿立哌唑组(P<0.01);阿立哌唑组锥体外系反应、失眠、兴奋或激越均明显高于奥氮平组(P<0.01)。结论:奥氮平和阿立哌唑对精神分裂症的疗效相当,安全性较高。     

奥氮平治疗精神分裂症对照研究的Meta分析

目的：探讨奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效和不良反应。方法：应用M eta分析对17篇奥氮平与其他抗精神病药治疗精神分裂症对照研究的文章进行再分析。结果：奥氮平自身对照比较的治疗效应极大（χ^2=141.00,P〈0.05）。治疗2周和治疗结束,奥氮平与对照药疗效比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评分比较差异亦无显著性（P〉0.05）。与对照药相比,奥氮平的不良反应显著少于对照药组（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：奥氮平与对照药的临床疗效相仿,但不良反应明显较少。     

奥氮平与利培酮治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的:比较奥氮平与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法:将60例精神分裂症随机分两组,分别给予奥氮平与利培酮治疗8周。用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:奥氮平与利培酮的疗效差异无显著性。奥氮平主要不良反应是嗜睡、体质量增加,利培酮主要是锥外系反应、失眠。结论:奥氮平与利培酮均是治疗精神分裂症安全有效的非典型抗精神病药,可根据患者的情况分别选择。     

阿立哌唑与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的比较阿立哌唑与奥氮平对精神分裂症患者的疗效及生活质量的影响。方法对68例精神分裂症患者,随机使用阿立哌唑与奥氮平治疗,疗程8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效,采用治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应,以生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）评定生活质量。结果两组均有显著疗效,阿立哌唑与奥氮平均可显著提高生活质量。两组间比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。阿立哌唑组主要不良反应为失眠、头痛;奥氮平组主要不良反应为体重增加、血糖升高。结论阿立哌唑与奥氮平对精神分裂症疗效相当,不良反应较少,均可提高患者生活质量。