An x-ray diagnostic unit based on a gas-discharge converter

The authors describe a pulse x-ray unit based on a gas-discharge luminescent converter, including a two-channel high-voltage impulse generator, an x-ray radiator, and a control desk. The high dosage sensitivity of the gas-discharge converter and large dimensions of the operating field as well as small size, mass and power consumption make it possible to use the unit for roentgenoscopic low-dose examination in the medical diagnosis under outpatient conditions.     

Limits on increasing the sensitivity of x-ray diagnostic screens

The irradiation dose for patients is proportional to that necessary to receive sufficiently informative image. The minimum value of this dose for different examination methods (roentgenography, photoroentgenography and roentgenoscopy) is evaluated by comparing the quantum fluctuation level with the visual "noise" and other components of the threshold contrast. The role of these components balance and the optimization of conditions and hardware for X-ray examination have been discussed.     

A hardware-software system for monitoring the performance of x-ray diagnostic equipment

The results of testing of a software package for automated monitoring of the performance of X-ray diagnostic equipment are presented.     

A portable small-sized x-ray dosimeter for the control of the ID-01M x-ray diagnostic apparatus intended for general and special use

A portable small-sized ID-01M X-ray dosimeter made by the Spektr Moscow Research Production Association to control general-purpose and special X-ray diagnostic units is described. Two plane-parallel ionization chambers are used as radiation detectors. The technical data of the dosimeter are presented.     

Control of the radiation quality in diagnostic x-ray equipment

A dependence of effective X-ray energy upon a high voltage amplitude for filters with various thickness is plotted using experimental attenuation curves. An analytical expression for the dependence is also derived. It relates radiation quality with an anode voltage amplitude for the units PYM-20.     

Measurement of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in sediments and toxic units used for estimating risk to benthic invertebrates at manufactured gas plant sites

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) narcosis model requires the measurement of 18 parent and 16 groups of alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (so-called 34 PAHs) in sediments to calculate the number of PAH toxic units (TU) available to benthic organisms. If data for the 34 PAHs are not available, the U.S. EPA proposes estimating the risk by multiplying the TU for 13 parent PAHs by 11.5 (95% confidence interval) based on data from 488 sediments. This estimate is overly conservative for PAHs from pyrogenic manufactured gas plant (MGP) processes based on the analysis of 45 sediments from six sites. Parent PAHs contributed approximately 40% of the total concentrations and TU for MGP sediments. In contrast, parent PAHs from diesel fuel and petroleum crude oil contributed only 2 and 1%, respectively, of the PAH concentrations and TU, compared to approximately 98 to 99% contributed by the alkyl PAHs. Statistical comparison of the TU based on the measured 34 alkyl and parent PAHs and those based on only 13 parent PAHs demonstrated that a factor of 4.2 (rather than 11.5) is sufficient to estimate total TU within a 95% confidence level for MGP sites. Similarly, measurement of parent PAHs is sufficient to accurately estimate the total 34 alkyl and parent PAH concentrations for MGP-impacted sediments.     

Device for aligning the optical center finder of an x-ray diagnostic apparatus

The device of unique design (patent N 591691) incorporating a frame with a radiopaque wire spiral is described. With the device, the deviation of X-ray applicator's central beam can be detected from moire patterns on the X-ray film. By knowing the deviation from the centre required corrections for the direction of the central beam can be carried out by means of adjusting screws in the central mount. The device allows fast and highly accurate detection of the central beam deviation for the X-ray applicator. It features simple design, easy-of-use, and reliable operation.     

回旋加速器放射性药物生产场所的防护设计与分析

【摘要】目的掌握回旋加速器放射性药物生产场所的辐射危害因素及其水平,为场所的防护设计和放射性药物生产的放射防护提供指导。方法以某医院引进的1台HM-20S型回旋加速器及其药物生产场所为研究对象,依据国家有关法规和技术标准确定场所中的辐射危害因素类别及场所级别,对相应的防护设施与措施进行分析和评价。结果制订出放射性药物生产场所的辐射防护设计方案,其中对热室工作区出人口采取GMP（良好作业规范）设计;估算出了控制区外围和场所关注点的辐射水平,在60mmPb厚壁工作箱内进行222GBq的18F操作时,操作位置的剂量率为9．6ixSv／h;明确了回旋加速器机房内活化产物的来源及其防护措施;带有自屏蔽的回旋加速器运行时,机房内的0,浓度远低于标准规定的职业接触限值。结论该放射性药物生产场所的防护设计充分考虑了放射性污染和外照射的防护,但其防护方案中还需对回旋加速器机房及防护门的屏蔽设计进行优化。     

An analysis of the outlook for using C-arm-type mobile x-ray diagnostic apparatus

The fields and prospects of use of a C-arm surgical X-ray apparatus with an image amplifier on a tube made in Russia or in foreign countries and a CCD matrix are analyzed. Poor use of the capacities of the apparatus is noted.     

A study of human rabies immune globulin manufactured by the Thai Red Cross

This is a prospective post marketing study of 4496 patients presenting with severe animal bites in a canine rabies endemic region. They received human rabies immune globulin manufactured from volunteer blood donors at the National Blood Center of the Thai Red Cross Society at Bangkok. All patients also received a full course of tissue culture rabies vaccine. Only three subjects reported an adverse reaction (redness and itching at the immune globulin injection sites). None of the patients died during the subsequent 18 month follow up period.     

Information system of the diagnostic x-ray service of the Moscow Public Health Committee]

The paper shows how a radiation diagnostic information service system has been set up at the Moscow Public Health Committee. The structure of the service's database that has been introduced in the Research and Practical Center of Medical Radiology and become a core of the developed system is discussed in detail. The prospects for developing the system, which are also associated with the use of Internet capacities, are given.     

Determination of total filtration and half attenuation layer in X-ray diagnostic units by relative radiation output

Described is a relatively simple technique applicable to estimating the independent and additional filtration of X-ray images by the relative radiation output with a voltage generation range of 50 to 120 kB. It is shown as possible to determine the half-attenuation first layer in its aluminum equivalent and without using any aluminum filters. The suggested technique can be used in turn-over and regular tests of medical X-ray units as well as in their exploitation.