游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨采用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 2018年1月-2020年10月,采用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部创面12例,其中修复足背部创面8例,踝部创面4例。切取股前外侧皮瓣最大面积18.0 cm×8.5 cm,最小7.0 cm×4.0 cm。术后规律随访皮瓣外观、耐磨性、感觉恢复情况及供区损伤情况。结果 本组12例皮瓣均成活,1例皮瓣术后24 h内出现静脉危象,经手术探查重新吻合静脉后皮瓣成活。3例皮瓣因切取面积过大供区无法直接缝合,取游离皮片植皮覆盖供区创面;其余皮瓣供区均直接缝合。术后随访12~18个月,平均15个月,皮瓣外形美观,未见溃疡形成。患足功能根据AOFAS踝-后足评分,优6例,良4例,可2例。结论 应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损,皮瓣可切取面积大,质地优良,患肢功能恢复好,值得临床推广。     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

[目的]探讨游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部大面积软组织缺损的效果。[方法] 2011年1月—2019年12月,对22例足踝部大面积软组织缺损患者,行游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复踝部大面积软组织缺损,左足10例,右足12例。分析其临床效果。[结果] 22例患者皮瓣全部存活,所有患者均获随访,随访时间12～19个月,平均（13.67±4.24）个月。随术后时间推移,22例患者的VAS评分、踝伸屈ROM、AOFAS评分、皮瓣感觉Highet评级均显著改善（P<0.05）。[结论]游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部大面积软组织缺损中具有皮瓣成活率高,临床效果满意。     

游离超薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损

[目的]探讨游离超薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。[方法]应用超薄游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损22例。手术时间120~160 min。皮瓣大小为7 cm×4 cm~16 cm×10cm。[结果]22例皮瓣全部成活,3例发生皮瓣感染,经对症治疗后伤口逐渐愈合,术后对患者进行为期6个月的随访,皮瓣外观及质地良好,外形不臃肿,满足创面修复要求。[结论]使用游离超薄穿支皮瓣修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损可获得满意的临床效果。     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法对18例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积9 cm×6 cm～26 cm×15 cm.受区彻底清创,切取股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复创面.结果 18例均获得随访,时间6～12个月.皮瓣全部成活（其中2例皮瓣术后发生血管危象,经手术探查处理后成活）,皮瓣色泽、弹性、厚度均为优良,供区及受区外观均满意.结论 股前外侧穿支皮瓣供区隐蔽,用于足踝部皮肤软组织缺损修复,临床效果良好.     

修薄股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨修薄股前外侧皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的方法及临床效果.方法 2007年3月至2010年6月,采用修薄股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复足踝部软组织缺损12例,切取皮瓣面积为15.0 cm× 8.0 cm～7.5 cm×5.2cm.先确定皮瓣穿支血管部位,沿皮瓣外侧切开皮肤、皮下组织,在阔筋膜浅层显露穿支后,逆行向旋股外侧动脉降支主干解剖至所需血管蒂长度.以穿支血管为中心,向四周由浅及深削除皮下脂肪,在皮瓣周缘可将皮下脂肪完全削去,仅保留真皮层.皮瓣周缘厚度修薄前约2.5 cm,修薄后约0.4 cm.结果 12例修薄皮瓣全部成活.供、受区创面愈合良好,术后随访3～ 18个月,皮瓣质地优良,外观良好不臃肿,不需二次修薄手术,游离皮瓣两点辨别觉为8.0～10.0 mm.结论 修薄股前外侧皮瓣外形质地优良,不需再次手术整形,对供区创伤小,是修复足踝部软组织缺损的理想方法.     

股前外侧皮瓣修复足踝区软组织缺损的临床应用

目的:探索股前外侧皮瓣在修复足踝区皮肤软组织的临床应用。方法:12例患者,13块皮瓣,踝区软组织缺损,根据创面大小选择股前外侧皮瓣给予修复。结果:12例患者中,10例11块皮瓣完全存活,2例2块皮瓣一侧尖端坏死,部分创面外露,经过局部1～2周的换药后愈合,所有患者皮瓣与创面贴附良好,无皮下积液、空腔及窦道形成。结论:股前外侧皮瓣可切取面积大,血运丰富,部位隐蔽,不损伤主要血管,阔筋膜可以I I期修复损伤的跟腱,是修复足踝区软组织缺损中的应理想皮瓣。     

双叶股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足部复杂软组织缺损

目的 探讨双叶股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足部复杂软组织缺损的临床效果.方法 回顾自2014年9月至2019年8月,沈阳医学院附属中心医院手外四科应用双叶股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足部复杂软组织缺损11例患者的临床资料.切取股前外侧皮瓣面积14 cm×6 cm～18 cm×8 cm,分叶皮瓣面积7 cm×5 cm～11 cm×8 c...     

应用股前外侧皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损

目的　报道应用股前外侧皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果和体会。　方法　应用吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复 12例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损 ,切取皮瓣面积最大 18cm× 10cm。　结果　 12例皮瓣全部成活 ,术后随访 6～ 18个月 ,皮瓣没有出现溃疡 ,10例获得保护性感觉。　结论　股前外侧皮瓣是修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法之一。     

股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损

目的总结股前外侧皮瓣修复足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床应用效果。方法 2007年1月-2010年12月,采用股前外侧皮瓣修复30例足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损。男18例,女12例;年龄18～55岁,平均36岁。外伤19例,烧伤4例,慢性感染创面7例。病程9 h～8个月。缺损部位:小腿下1/3及跟腱区8例,外踝及足背外侧区10例,内踝及足背内侧区5例,足跟及足底7例。创面均伴血管、骨及肌腱外露。创面缺损范围20 cm×14 cm～23 cm×21 cm。皮瓣切取范围为22 cm×16 cm～25 cm×23 cm。供区游离植皮修复。结果术后5～7 d 3例皮瓣边缘出现部分坏死,予以加强换药后成活;其余皮瓣及供区植皮均顺利成活,创面均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均18个月。皮瓣耐磨,无局部溃烂,其中27例恢复保护性感觉。但皮瓣外形臃肿,12例于术后1年行二次手术皮瓣修整后,外形满意。结论股前外侧皮瓣具有切取范围大、血管口径粗、部位隐蔽等特点,是修复足踝部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的有效方法之一。     

股前外侧肌皮瓣修复足踝侧方组织缺损

目的 探讨总结应用股前外侧肌皮瓣修复足踝侧方软组织合并内、外踝组织缺损中重建踝关节稳定性的疗效与作用.方法 对13例因足踝侧方软组织合并内、外踝组织缺损伤病例应用股前外侧肌皮瓣修复,将组织瓣中的阔筋膜两侧部分折叠与受区相邻软组织间断缝合固定,旋股外侧血管降支与受区血管吻合,移植股前外侧肌皮瓣面积最大为20 cm×12 cm,术后3个月石膏继续固定维持踝关节于功能位.随访时间1.5至20年.从患者主观感受、临床症状与体征和影像学检查评估踝关节稳定情况.结果 术后早期3个月内踝关节稳定性仍需外固定维持扶助,半年后即可稳定.13例中获得5年以上随访10例、10年以上6例、15年以上3例(分别为15年、18年、20年).5年后均有影像学踝关节创伤性改变,但临床症状与之不完全呈现相关性,13例中目前尚无1例因功能受限需行关节融合术.结论 股前外侧肌皮瓣是修复足踝侧方软组织合并内、外踝组织缺损重建并维持踝骨关节稳定、避免早期关节融合,特别对青少年伤者是一种良好选择.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the long-time clinical results and effection of free anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for repairing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,especially for reconstructing stability of the ankle joints. Methods Thirteen patients with complex tissue defects,involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,were treated by free anterolateral thigh fasciomusculocutaneous flap.The fascia lata which was involved in the flap was fixed with the adjacent tissue of the recipient area.The descending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral vessels were anastomosed with the vessels in the recipient area.The largest area of the flap was 20 cm × 12 cm.The ankle joint was fixed in functional position with plaster in the early 3 months post-operatively.The following time ranged from 1.5 years to 20 years.The stability of the ankle joint were evatuated with the patients' objective feeling and clinical symptoms and imaging study.Results The stability of the ankle should be protected by external fixation in the early 3 months postoperatively,and was restored at 6 months usually.In all cases,ten cases were followed over 10 years,six cases were followed over 6 years,three cases were followed over 15 years.Though radiological discovering suggesting traumatic esteoarthritis exited in 3 cases with a follow-up more than 5 years,the clinical manifestations were fair and no one need undergo arthredesis. Conclusion Using ant erolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for reconstructing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel repairing stability of the joint and ovoiding off early arthrodosis of the joint is one of the favorable choice,especially for the teen-agers.     

Reconstruction of foot and ankle defects with a superthin innervated anterolateral thigh perforator flap

Background: An anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap can be thinned to an extent to which it is vascularised only by the subdermal plexus. This study presents an innervated flap thinning technique and its application for dorsal foot and ankle resurfacing.

Methods: A superthin innervated ALT perforator flap was used to repair the dorsal foot and ankle of 12 patients. The perforators were classified according to their variations in the adipose layer, and the corresponding microdissection technique was then applied. The branch of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and its accompanying vessels were adopted to construct a sensory flap.

Results: The flap thickness before defatting, which was measured immediately after flap elevation, ranged from 25–45?mm. The average flap thickness after defatting was 4.55?mm (range =?3–6?mm). A total of 11 flaps completely survived, and one flap presented superficial necrosis within a small area (2?cm ×2?cm) in the distal part of the flap. No further flap revision or defatting procedures were required for these patients during an average follow-up period of 16.5 months (range =?10–24 months). In the transferred flap, protective sensibility existed in all cases, and the static two-point discrimination was 13–16?mm.

Conclusions: The superthin innervated ALT perforator flap may be considered as an ideal strategy for foot and ankle reconstruction.     

以单一高位穿支为蒂逆行股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿大面积软组织缺损

目的探讨采用以单一高位穿支为蒂股前外侧皮瓣逆行转移修复小腿大面积软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法2014年1月-2017年7月,采用以单一高位穿支为蒂逆行转移股前外侧皮瓣修复小腿大面积软组织缺损患者9例,男7例,女2例;年龄24~48岁。小腿软组织缺损面积为10.0cm×7.0cm^35.0cm×15.0cm,其中包括植皮和皮肤牵张修复的面积。将高位穿支穿出点设计在皮瓣近端,以此穿支作为皮瓣的单一营养血管,并将皮瓣旋转点向大腿近端上移,既增加皮瓣血供又可使皮瓣修复范围向小腿远端下移。皮瓣切取面积15.0cm×10.0cm^22.0cm×12.0cm。术后定期进行随访。结果术中皮瓣切取顺利,术后无血管危象发生,皮瓣均顺利成活。患者均获得随访6~12个月,皮瓣外观饱满稍显臃肿,色泽与受区相似,质地柔软,供区无活动障碍。结论采用单一高位穿支为蒂逆行转移股前外侧皮瓣,可将皮瓣旋转点向近端上移,通过增加其血管蒂与膝上外侧动脉吻合支的数量及口径改善皮瓣的供血和回流,皮瓣的成活率不受影响。相比传统逆行股前外侧皮瓣,该皮瓣有较大优势。     

股前外侧KISS皮瓣修复多个手指背侧软组织缺损

目的探讨股前外侧KISS皮瓣移植修复多个手指背侧软组织缺损的手术方法和临床效果。方法2014年1月至2019年6月,共收治7例多个手指背软组织缺损,其中累及3指者1例,4指者6例。一期手术通过设计手部创面,将多指并指后采用股前外侧KISS皮瓣移植修复,供区直接缝合关闭;二期手术分指同时皮瓣修薄整形。术后定期门诊、电话随访,观察皮瓣的外观、质地、功能及供区情况。结果术后皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣及供区伤口一期愈合,无血管危象发生。7例均获随访3~24(平均12.5)个月,皮瓣色泽好,质地柔软,弹性较好,经二期手术分指后皮瓣修薄整形,外形美观。供区肢体仅留一线形瘢痕,对关节功能无影响。结论通过合理的创面设计,选用供区损伤小、供瓣区能直接缝合的股前外侧KISS皮瓣移植修复多个手指背侧软组织缺损,是一种简单、有效的治疗方法。     

Reconstructive surgery for foot and ankle defects in pediatric patients: Comparison between anterolateral thigh perforator flaps and deep inferior epigastric perforator flaps

BackgroundsDue to the delicate tissue, small blood vessels and incomplete development of interarticular ligaments, skin and soft-tissue defects of the foot and ankle in pediatric patients remain a challenge for orthopedic and plastic surgeons. Anterolateral thigh perforator (ALTP) flap and deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap are the most commonly used flaps for the repair of lower-extremity soft-tissue defects. The literature contains a shortage of evidence involving the differences between ALTP and DIEP flaps in the reconstruction of young patients with complex foot and ankle defects. This study was designed to determine which type of flap is better for foot and ankle repair in pediatric patients.MethodsFrom January 2004 to January 2018, 79 children younger than 14 years treated with DIEP flap (41 cases) or ALTP flap (38 cases) for composite defects of the feet and ankles were retrospectively investigated. The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age, the location of the defect, etiology, and flap area. Complications, scarring, cosmetic appearance, flap sensory recovery, and functional outcome were analyzed, and statistical analysis was performed.ResultsThe ALTP group had shorter operation time (155.0 ± 12.0 min vs 212.2 ± 23.9 min), flap harvested time (39.6 ± 5.1 min vs 57.2 ± 10.4 min), and operative blood loss (143.4 ± 23.7 ml vs 170.7 ± 44.7 ml) than the DIEP group (P < 0.05). In short-term follow-up, ALTP group showed a lower flap necrosis rate (5.3% vs 24.4%) and vascular insufficiency rate (2.6% vs 19.5%) than DIEP group (P < 0.05). In long-term follow-up, ALTP group showed a lower late complication rate and better cosmetic, functional, scar outcomes than DIEP group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study showed that an ALTP flap may brings better results than a DIEP flap in terms of short- and long-term complications, scarring, and morpho-functional outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing reconstruction of foot and ankle defects.     

Anterolateral thigh flap salvage following failed deep inferior epigastric artery perforator breast reconstruction

The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap is an option for women desiring autologous tissue breast reconstruction. If this reconstruction fails, other autologous tissue flaps, including the gluteal artery perforator and latissimus dorsi flaps, may be used for salvage. The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap offers adequate tissue volume for breast reconstruction, acceptable fat quality and a long vascular pedicle. Other advantages include obviating the need for intraoperative position changes and harvesting tissue outside of the radiation field. Two cases involving ALT flaps used in the setting of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator failure are presented with favourable results. A review of the anatomy of the ALT flap is included.     

Flow-through嵌合ALTP急诊修复四肢Gustillo III C型损伤

目的探讨Flow-through嵌合股前外侧穿支皮瓣(ALTP)急诊一期修复四肢Gustillo III C型损伤的临床疗效。方法2010年1月至2017年12月,采用Flow-through嵌合ALTP急诊修复四肢Gustillo III C型损伤患者17例。其中男16例,女1例;年龄19~55岁,平均32.4岁。创面范围16 cm×8 cm^45 cm×30 cm。旋股外侧动脉降支Flow-through吻合受区动脉以重建肢体血供,股外侧肌瓣填塞深部死腔,皮瓣和筋膜瓣覆盖浅表创面。供区皮肤直接闭合6例,腹部取皮植皮11例。结果术后采用门诊结合微信、电话随访,时间5~60个月,平均21.8个月。皮瓣成活15例,2例失败并截肢。6例采用皮瓣和筋膜瓣修复,11例采用皮瓣、筋膜瓣和肌瓣修复。术后4例皮瓣一期愈合;11例患者皮瓣边缘出现坏死,其中1例换药后瘢痕愈合,其余10例患者二期植皮愈合。所有患者供区未出现并发症。结论急诊Flow-through嵌合ALTP在重建肢体血供的同时实现创面三维立体修复,是修复四肢Gustillo III C型损伤的有效方法之一。     

股前外侧双叶穿支皮瓣修复手部创面

目的：探讨股前外侧双叶穿支皮瓣修复手部创面的方法和疗效。方法2011年1月-2012年10月对9例手部创面采用游离股前外侧双叶穿支皮瓣修复,其中手部两处创面7例,另2例为洞穿性缺损。急诊修复创面桥接血管重建患肢血供1例,延期修复创面8例。结果本组9例皮瓣全部成活,术后随访3～6个月,供区外观仅为线状瘢痕,功能无明显影响。2例手部洞穿性缺损修复后外观满意,功能欠佳;其余7例创面修复后皮瓣质地柔软,外观稍臃肿,功能满意。结论股前外侧双叶穿支皮瓣可一次修复手部两个创面或通过拼接修复一处较大创面,而供区常可以直接缝合,优点明显。     

应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损

目的探讨应用吻合血管的股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复手足软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法2007年3月-2011年11月,采用股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复手、足部各类软组织缺损34例。结果34例患者创面均一期愈合,未出现皮瓣坏死、感染等并发症,随访1年疗效满意。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣带有股前外侧皮神经,用来修复手足皮肤软组织缺损可获得较高的皮瓣成活率和良好的手术效果,值得临床应用和推广。