股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复小腿及足部软组织缺损

目的 报道股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复小腿及足部软组织缺损的临床效果. 方法 应用逆行股前外侧穿支皮瓣转移修复小腿上段软组织缺损22例,皮瓣面积16cm×10 cm～25 cm×14 cm;应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复小腿中下段及足部软组织缺损6例,皮瓣面积11 cm×7 cm～18cm× 10 cm. 结果 28例皮瓣全部成活,无并发症发生,合并骨折病例骨折愈合,经10个月～5年随访,皮瓣色泽好、质地优良,除2例足背受区皮瓣外观较为臃肿需二期手术修薄外,皮瓣功能及外观满意.结论 根据伤情,灵活应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣不同术式修复小腿及足部软组织缺损可获得良好的临床效果.     

应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣修复足部创面

目的 探讨应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复足部创面的临床疗效.方法 应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复足部创面共7例,其中足背创面缺损4例,足跟创面2例,足底创面1例.缺损面积:6cm×4 cm～18cm×9 cm大小.其中5例穿支皮瓣吻接了股前皮神经支,供区创面直接缝合3例,游离植皮4例.结果 本组7例皮瓣全部成活,未出现血管危象.随访3～9个月,皮瓣质地良好,其中吻合皮神经的穿支皮瓣恢复了保护性感觉.供区功能无影响.结论 应用股前内侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复足部创面,临床效果满意.     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果.方法对18例足踝部皮肤软组织缺损患者进行皮瓣移植,缺损面积9 cm×6 cm～26 cm×15 cm.受区彻底清创,切取股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复创面.结果 18例均获得随访,时间6～12个月.皮瓣全部成活（其中2例皮瓣术后发生血管危象,经手术探查处理后成活）,皮瓣色泽、弹性、厚度均为优良,供区及受区外观均满意.结论 股前外侧穿支皮瓣供区隐蔽,用于足踝部皮肤软组织缺损修复,临床效果良好.     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣的临床应用

目的 报道应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复四肢组织缺损的临床效果.方法 应用吻合血管的游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣用于修复前臂、小腿中下段、足跟部及足背部的皮肤软组织缺损18例;皮瓣面积最小5 cm×8 cm;最大15 cm×28 cm.结果 移植18例皮瓣术后全部成活,其中2例术后48 h内出现血管危象,经手术处理后循环恢复,皮瓣成活.随访6个月～2年,临床效果良好.结论 股前外侧穿支皮瓣,穿支解剖恒定,皮瓣厚度适宜,供区隐蔽,应用显微外科技术施行移植,可获得良好的临床效果.     

负压封闭引流联合股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损

目的:探讨负压封闭引流联合股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 :自2014年9月至2016年9月,采用负压封闭引流联合股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损患者45例,其中男31例,女14例,年龄17～55岁,平均36岁。足背软组织缺损30例,足底软组织缺损15例。面积7 cm×10 cm～11 cm×18 cm,创面重度污染,均伴深层软组织外露。在急诊下行创面清创加负压封闭引流处理,5～7 d创面清洁后,予以游离股前外侧皮瓣修复,皮瓣切取面积为9 cm×12 cm～13 cm×21 cm,选择合适的方法修复皮瓣供区。结果:术后45例皮瓣全部愈合,无皮肤边缘坏死,无破溃感染。40例患者获得随访,时间3～24个月,平均13个月。皮瓣色泽良好,外形美观,弹性较好,质地柔软,无明显臃肿,供区愈合良好。结论:应用负压封闭引流联合股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足部软组织缺损,可以有效控制创面软组织感染,切取皮瓣血供可靠,皮瓣可Ⅰ期修复,是修复足部软组织缺损的有效方法。     

三种游离穿支皮瓣修复足背及前足组织缺损

目的探讨游离膝降动脉穿支皮瓣、隐动脉穿支皮瓣及股前外穿支皮瓣修复足背及前足软组织、复合组织缺损的疗效。方法纳入2010年8月至2014年10月35例足背及前足组织缺损患者,创面面积为9 cm×4.5 cm~26 cm×13 cm。采用游离膝降动脉穿支皮瓣修复12例(A组),游离隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复8例(B组),游离股前外穿支皮瓣修复15例(C组)。若为开放性损伤,则在皮瓣移植术前应用负压封闭引流装置覆盖5~7 d。结果术后34例皮瓣全部成活,仅1例(女童,7岁)股前外穿支皮瓣远端1/3坏死,2周后经削痂植皮后创面愈合。术后随访3~38个月,平均12.3个月。皮瓣修复后外形大多令人满意,术后3个月A组有3例、B组有2例进行二次修薄手术。A组有1例出现小腿持续肿胀,1例出现供区切口愈合不良;B组有5例出现供区肢体持续肿胀,3例出现供区切口愈合不良,4例供区远端出现皮疹。结论游离膝降动脉穿支皮瓣及游离隐动脉穿支皮瓣修复后大多需行二次修薄手术。游离股前外穿支皮瓣质地好,切取面积大,可避免二次修薄手术,受区影响较小,但仅可用于单纯足背或前足软组织覆盖。游离膝降动脉穿支皮瓣可制备皮-骨或皮-肌(肌腱)复合瓣用于修复足部复合组织缺损。     

游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损

目的 探讨采用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 2018年1月-2020年10月,采用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部创面12例,其中修复足背部创面8例,踝部创面4例。切取股前外侧皮瓣最大面积18.0 cm×8.5 cm,最小7.0 cm×4.0 cm。术后规律随访皮瓣外观、耐磨性、感觉恢复情况及供区损伤情况。结果 本组12例皮瓣均成活,1例皮瓣术后24 h内出现静脉危象,经手术探查重新吻合静脉后皮瓣成活。3例皮瓣因切取面积过大供区无法直接缝合,取游离皮片植皮覆盖供区创面;其余皮瓣供区均直接缝合。术后随访12~18个月,平均15个月,皮瓣外形美观,未见溃疡形成。患足功能根据AOFAS踝-后足评分,优6例,良4例,可2例。结论 应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损,皮瓣可切取面积大,质地优良,患肢功能恢复好,值得临床推广。     

穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损25例临床分析

目的 探讨穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣在足踝部软组织缺损创面修复中的应用效果.方法 自2007年7月到2011年12月,对足踝部软组织缺损患者采用穿支蒂螺旋桨皮瓣修复25例,穿支动脉来源分别为腓动脉18例,胫后动脉6例,足背动脉1例.皮瓣面积4cm×10cm～9 cm×33 cm.结果 供区直接缝合9例,游离植皮16例,有3例皮瓣术后出现静脉淤血,2例经滴血疗法最终皮瓣成活,1例皮瓣远端1/3坏死,经清创后游离植皮治愈.所有患者均获随访,随访时间1～26个月,所有皮瓣蒂部平整,外表美观,患者较为满意.结论 穿支螺旋桨皮瓣操作简单、安全有效,在足踝部软组织缺损创面的修复中比其他带蒂皮瓣更具优越性.     

游离超薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损

[目的]探讨游离超薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。[方法]应用超薄游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损22例。手术时间120~160 min。皮瓣大小为7 cm×4 cm~16 cm×10cm。[结果]22例皮瓣全部成活,3例发生皮瓣感染,经对症治疗后伤口逐渐愈合,术后对患者进行为期6个月的随访,皮瓣外观及质地良好,外形不臃肿,满足创面修复要求。[结论]使用游离超薄穿支皮瓣修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损可获得满意的临床效果。     

足底内侧动脉皮穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损

目的总结逆行足底内侧动脉皮穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损的临床效果。方法2004年8月至2007年5月采用足底内侧动脉皮穿支蒂岛状皮瓣修复前足皮肤软组织缺损创面，临床应用7例，皮瓣面积为9cm×6cm～7cm×5cm，修复受区创面大小为8cm×5cm～6cm×5cm。结果术后皮瓣全部成活，随访3～35个月，皮瓣质地良好，外形不臃肿，供区愈合良好。结论足底内侧动脉皮穿支蒂岛状皮瓣血运可靠，设计灵活，手术切取简便安全，是修复前足皮肤软组织缺损创面的理想方法。     

Recycling a flap: Making a perforator flap from a previous gluteal fasciocutaneous flap

Abstract

We report a case of raising a previous gluteal fasciocutaneous flap again as a perforator-based flap to cover a recurrent defect. This case illustrates that conventional flap tissue with a preserved perforator can be recycled as a perforator flap, and that this method can be an efficient surgical option for recurrent defects.     

胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣接力腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面

目的探讨胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣接力腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面的疗效。方法2014年10月-2018年10月,收治18例足踝部创面患者。男12例,女6例。年龄8~56岁,平均32.8岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤11例,高处坠落伤3例,重物砸伤4例。创面部位:足背部9例,足跟4例,外踝5例。受伤至皮瓣修复时间7~34 d,平均19 d。创面范围6.0 cm×2.5 cm^11.0 cm×6.0 cm。采用大小为6 cm×3 cm^18 cm×7 cm的腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面,其供区以胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣(8 cm×3 cm^16 cm×6 cm)修复。结果术后1例腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣出现瘀血肿胀,经对症处理后成活。其余皮瓣均顺利成活,供受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合。18例患者均获随访,随访时间6~15个月,平均12.5个月。末次随访时,两皮瓣外形、色泽、质地和厚度与受区基本一致,供区仅遗留线性瘢痕。腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣两点辨别觉为10~12 mm,平均11 mm。根据美国矫形足踝协会(AOFAS)评分评价,获优15例、良3例,优良率为100%。结论应用胫前动脉穿支螺旋桨皮瓣接力腓动脉终末前穿支螺旋桨皮瓣修复足踝部创面,不需要牺牲主干血管,还能避免供区植皮,踝关节功能恢复满意。     

Pedicled medial sural perforator flap for the reconstruction of knee defects

Soft tissue defects exposing the patellar tendon or bone are common in patients who have experienced trauma or implant infection. The purpose of this article is to present our experience of six patients who underwent reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the knee using a pedicled medial sural perforator flap. Between November 2013 and November 2015, six patients who presented with a soft tissue defect overlying the knee were admitted to our hospital. After adequate debridement or wide excision of the tumour, these patients underwent pedicled medial sural perforator flap placement to resurface the complex soft tissue defects and to provide a gliding surface for the exposed patellar tendon. The patients' age, comorbidity, aetiology, defect size and location, flap size, perforator numbers and lengths, outcome and follow‐up period were reviewed. The six medial sural perforator flaps survived completely, and the wounds healed satisfactorily over a mean follow‐up of 21·5 months (range, 6–51 months). Donor sites were closed primarily or covered with a split‐thickness skin graft. The medial sural perforator flap is a reliable flap for coverage of defects overlying the knee. The thin and pliable flap, long pedicle length and less donor site mobility benefit patients. Thus, the medial sural perforator flap may be a valuable alternative for defect reconstructions overlying the knee, which produces satisfactory results both functionally and cosmetically.     

Medial sural artery perforator flap for tongue and floor of mouth reconstruction

BACKGROUND: The radial forearm flap is frequently considered the first choice for tongue reconstruction, but the disadvantages of donor site morbidity are well known. The search for another thin skin flap as an alternative has led to the application of the medial sural artery perforator flap. METHODS: We used 12 medial sural artery perforator flaps to reconstruct tongue and floor of mouth following cancer ablation. We paid attention to the major perforator (vein >or= 1 mm) as the vascular relay. RESULTS: Most flaps were raised with a single perforator. The size of the skin paddle varied from 9 cm x 5 cm to 14 cm x 12 cm. The mean thickness of the flap was 5.2 mm. We reexplored 1 patient for venous insufficiency and could not salvage the flap. CONCLUSIONS: The thin medial sural artery perforator flap permits high accuracy of tongue restoration and reduces the morbidity at the donor site.     

Use of dorsal intercostal artery perforator flap in the repair of back defects

Background: The dorsal intercostal artery perforator (DICAP) flap is a well-vascularised flap that is elevated above the dorsal branch of the vertebral segments of the posterior intercostal artery. The aim of this study was to repair back defects using DICAP flaps.

Materials and methods: Eight patients who had undergone reconstruction with DICAP flaps for defects located on the back of the torso due to conditions of various aetiologies between 2011–2014 were included in this study. Patient age and gender, aetiology of the condition, dimensions of the defect and the flap, site of the defect, and postoperative complications were recorded.

Results: Three females and five males were included in this study. The age of the patients ranged between 19–71 years (mean?=?53.6 years). The aetiology was skin tumour in five patients and pressure wound, gunshot injury, and plate screw exposition subsequent to spinal surgery in one patient each. The sites of the defects were successfully closed in all patients, and no flap loss was observed in any patient.

Conclusions: DICAP flaps have some advantages compared to conventional muscle and muscle skin flaps, such as greater protection of muscle functions, less invasiveness, and lower donor site morbidity. This flap has a high mobilisation capacity due to its elevation above nine bilateral perforator arteries. Therefore, the DICAP flap is useful for the repair of median and paramedian back defects. Based on its advantages, it is suggested that the DICAP flap should be considered as a useful option for the repair of back defects.     

股前外侧分叶穿支皮瓣游离移植修复下肢软组织缺损

目的 探讨应用分叶穿支皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损的方法.方法 2009至2011年,按照组织缺损的形态,利用旋股外侧动脉多个穿支设计分叶穿支皮瓣,同时结合flow-through及超薄皮瓣技术,游离移植修复下肢软组织创伤后组织缺损,供区一期缝合.结果 临床应用共21例,其中2例发生皮瓣远端缺血、坏死,经移植皮片修复后痊愈,余19例均完全成活,外形和功能较满意.结论 股前外侧分叶穿支皮瓣可以合理利用供区组织,并较理想修复复杂组织缺损.     

Osteomyocutaneous peroneal artery perforator flap for reconstruction of composite maxillary defects

BACKGROUND: Composite maxillary defects often involve the maxilla, nasal mucosa, palate, and maxillary sinus. We presented the surgical techniques and outcome of the osteomyocutaneous peroneal artery perforator (PAP) flap for reconstruction of composite maxillary defects. METHODS: Six patients underwent an osteomyocutaneous PAP flap reconstruction of composite maxillary defects. The average age was 52 years. The defects were Cordeiro type II in three patients and type IV midfacial defects in another three patients. RESULTS: No total or partial flap failures occurred. At a mean 12-month follow-up, five patients had a normal speech and were able to eat a regular diet. One patient tolerated a soft diet and had intelligible speech. One patient had ectropion develop. Excellent cosmesis was found in five patients. CONCLUSIONS: The osteomyocutaneous PAP flap represents a further refinement of the fibula flap and increases its versatility, with multiple skin paddles, bone segments, and soleus muscle independently isolated. It is a comparable reconstruction option for composite maxillary defects.     

Use of the deep inferior epigastric perforator flap in a 15-month-old boy after resection of lymphatic malformation

Lymphatic malformations are benign tumors that arise from congenital defects of the lymphatic system. Despite the fact that all lymphatic malformations develop embryologically, their presence may not be detected until the tumor enlarges from hemorrhage or infection. Typical of these tumors is a slow-growing, asymptomatic phase with the potential for rapid and massive expansion and a tendency to infiltrate into surrounding tissues. These tumors are associated with a high rate of recurrence, especially with incomplete excisions. To minimize the chance of recurrence, a complete resection of a groin microcystic lymphatic malformation was performed on this 15-month-old boy, creating a significant defect in the upper thigh. Immediate coverage was felt to be the best option for reducing any associated morbidity. We used a skin-soft tissue flap supplied by perforators of the deep inferior epigastric artery to repair the wound. Using this technique, the musculofascial structures in the abdominal wall were completely spared, and the skin and fat were transferred on a vascular leash to the desired location. The donor site was closed by approximating the fascial edges without tension. The defect on the thigh was filled with tissue of similar thickness and characteristics, avoiding potential contour irregularities and color mismatch. The deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is a useful option for groin defects and can be applied safely in the pediatric population.