连云港口岸出入境人员传染病监测报告

〔目的〕掌握连云港口岸出入境人员传染病流行情况,为今后该口岸传染病监测工作提供科学依据。〔方法〕对连云港口岸2000～2001年12226名出入境人员传染病监测情况进行分析。〔结果〕在连云港口岸出入境人员中以劳务输出人员最多,占体检总人数的77.64％。检出传染性疾病334例,总患病率为2.73％。传染病患者其中HB_sAg阳性300例;梅毒17例;活动性肺结核15例;疟疾2例。〔结论〕HBsAg阳性是连云港口岸影响出入境人员健康的主要传染病,劳务人员、交通员工、口岸饮食服务人员及归国人员是重点监测人群。     

石岛口岸出国劳务人员疾病监测结果分析

〔目的〕掌握石岛口岸出国劳务人员疾病谱,以便有针对性的开展传染病监测工作。〔方法〕收集整理石岛口岸5072名出国劳务人员的传染病监测资料,按年龄、性别等进行了分类统计和比较分析。〔结果〕检出HBsAg阳性351人,阳性率6.90％,以中青年为高;胸片异常30人,检出率0.59％;心电图异常158人,检出率3.12％。〔结论〕HBsAg阳性和肺结核是影响石岛口岸出国劳务人员健康的主要传染病,应重点进行监测。     

2005年辽宁口岸传染病监测结果分析

〔目的〕通过对2005年辽宁各口岸传染病监测结果的分析,了解辽宁出入境检验检疫系统传染病监测工作情况,以发现其中存在的问题,提出改进对策。〔方法〕对2005年辽宁出入境检验检疫系统传染病监测结果进行分析,并对比全国其他直属出入境检验检疫系统传染病监测结果,对辽宁出入境检验检疫局的传染病监测工作进行分析。〔结果〕辽宁检验检疫系统传染病监测病例检出率为5.1‰,传染病监测工作及传染病检出率仍有提高的潜力;口岸传染病监测病例检出数占总检出数的3%,口岸传染病监测率及检出率(非出境人员传染病体检监测)亟待提高。〔结论〕通过建立完善的传染病监测网,提高口岸传染病监测及检出率是辽宁出入境检验检疫局传染病监测工作的重点;国家质检总局应加强口岸传染病监测工作的管理,统一传染病上报、诊断标准,制定全国口岸传染病监测工作方案。     

日照口岸出入境人员传染病监测结果分析

〔目的〕了解日照口岸出入境人员传染病感染情况,有针对性地开展国际旅行卫生保健中心的传染病监测工作,为制定有效的防治措施提供依据。〔方法〕对2008—2009年经日照口岸出入境的16994名出入境人员的传染病监测结果进行统计分析。〔结果〕2008—2009年共监测体检人员16994名,检出各种传染病281例,总检出率为1.65%,位居前4位的传染病为乙型肝炎(HBsAg)阳性235例,检出率为1.38%;抗HCV阳性22例,检出率为0.13%;开放性肺结核16例,检出率为0.09%;梅毒8例,检出率为0.05%;阳性人群在性别、年龄、职业分布均具有统计学意义。〔结论〕HBsAg阳性是日照口岸出入境人员中流行的主要传染病。针对此类人群制定传染病监测和卫生保健知识的宣传咨询策略,提高出入境人员的自我防护意识以有效地防止传染病在国际间的传播。     

常熟口岸出入境人员传染病监测结果分析

〔目的〕掌握常熟口岸出入境人员传染病感染现状,为有效开展传染病监测和防治工作提供科学依据。〔方法〕对2005—2009年常熟口岸出入境人员的传染病监测资料进行统计分析。〔结果〕2005—2009年共监测体检8788人,检出各种传染病509例,总检出率为5.79%,其中乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性为451例,检出率为5.13%;丙肝抗体(HCV-Ab)阳性为43例,检出率为0.49%;活动性肺结核9例,检出率为0.10%;梅毒6例,检出率为0.07%;艾滋病(HIV)抗体阳性未检出。港澳台胞HBsAg阳性、HCV-Ab阳性和梅毒检出率均最高,分别为13.14%、1.17%和0.26%。劳务人员中活动性肺结核检出率最高,为0.17%。〔结论〕HBsAg阳性为常熟口岸出入境人员中流行的主要传染病;港澳台胞和劳务人员是常熟口岸的重点监测人群。应进一步加强口岸传染病监测工作,加大卫生知识宣传咨询力度,提高出入境人员的自我防范意识,有效控制传染病在国际间的传播。     

青岛口岸出入境人员疾病监测方式的分析

〔目的〕寻求快速、高效、准确、低成本的检测方法,适于口岸旅检通道对出入境人员实施疾病监测的方式。〔方法〕对2002～2004年山东口岸出入境人员疾病监测情况进行统计分析,探讨目前在口岸旅检通道对出入境人员实施疾病监测工作薄弱的原因。〔结果〕目前口岸疾病监测工作的开展仍然主要依靠国际旅行卫生保健中心的健康体检;由于缺乏适宜的检测手段,在口岸旅检通道很难对出入境人员实施有效的疾病监测,存在着传染病随出入境人员流动而传入传出的风险。〔结论〕由于目前的常规病原体检测方法操作复杂、耗费时间长,已有的快速检测试剂盒成本较高,难以在口岸现场应用,急需寻求快速、高效、准确、低成本的检测方法,以全面加强口岸疾病监测工作。     

温州口岸出入境人员传染病监测结果分析

〔目的〕掌握温州口岸出入境人员中传染病的感染情况及在该人群中的分布特点,以便有针对性的开展疾病监测。〔方法〕对99801名出入境人员进行一般健康体检和实验室检查,对发现的病例进行流行病学个案调查,并进行统计分析。〔结果〕检出HBsAg阳性7925例,感染率为7.94%;梅毒螺旋体阳性161例,感染率为0.16%;HIV抗体阳性6例,感染率为0.006%。〔结论〕加强对出入境重点人群的传染病监测具有重要意义,强化对该人群的卫生宣传教育是预防性传播疾病(STD)的重要手段。     

深圳口岸1999～2001年出入境人员传染病监测结果分析

〔目的〕了解出入境人员中传染病的流行情况,为口岸传染病监测提供科学依据。〔方法〕对1999～2001年经深圳口岸入出境的129314名出入境人员的传染病监测结果进行了整理和分析。〔结果〕共检出传染性疾病12190例,检出率为9.43％,其中HBsAg阳性者11613例;梅毒感染者415例;HIV感染者13例;肺结核患者131例。〔结论〕通过了解传染病的感染现状和传播途径,加强对出入境人员传染病监测工作,制定有效防制措施,降低发病率,对控制国际间传染病传播非常重要。     

莆田口岸出入境人员传染病监测结果分析

〔目的〕了解莆田口岸出入境人员中乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、梅毒、艾滋病及活动性肺结核的感染情况,为有效开展传染病监测和预防控制工作提供科学依据。〔方法〕对莆田口岸2005～2006年10401名出入境人员进行临床健康检查和实验室检测,并进行个案流行病学调查及传染病监测结果统计学分析。〔结果〕10401名出入境人员中,共检出传染病2084例,检出率为20.04%;其中男性检出率20.94%,女性检出率17.31%;5类传染病年龄分布各不相同;HBsAg阳性检出率最高的是劳务人员,丙型肝炎、梅毒、活动性肺结核感染率均以公商、劳务人员检出率最高,HIV抗体阳性检出率最高的是船员。〔结论〕莆田口岸出入境人员以劳务、船员为主体人群,是传染病监测的重点对象。传染病预防控制应根据5类监测传染病三间分布的各自特点,明确监测及预防控制的重点,加强宣传教育,普及防治知识,提高自我防范意识,防止传染病的传播流行。     

厦门口岸出入境人员疾病监测体检结果分析

〔目的〕防止传染病由国境口岸传入和传出,为疾病监测工作提供科学依据。〔方法〕对厦门口岸12 891名出入境人员的疾病监测结果进行分析。〔结果〕共检出疾病及指标异常者3 730例,占受检人数的28.9%,其中HIV感染者8例;梅毒感染者18例;肺结核16例;乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性1 295例;谷丙转氨酶(ALT)增高1 104例;心电图异常709例;高血压580例。〔结论〕交通员工、出国劳务人员和外籍来华留学人员仍是厦门口岸感染HIV和性病的重点人群,应加强监测;疾病监测工作对控制结核病的传播起着重要作用;应在集中生活的交通员工中推广乙型肝炎疫苗接种。     

二连口岸出入境人员疾病监测结果分析

[目的]掌握二连口岸各类出入境人员中疾病分布的特点，为疾病监测工作提供科学依据。[方法]对二连口岸24396名出入境人员的疾病监测结果进行统计分析。[结果]在被监测对象中存在着多种疾病。按检出率的高低排列：HBsAg阳性、肝功异常、血压异常、心电图异常、肺结核、梅毒、HIV抗体阳性。[结论]认真做好疾病监测工作，有的放矢的开展健康教育，普及预防疾病知识，提高人们的自我防护意识，从而达到有效地控制传染病流行的目的。     

武汉口岸出入境人员疾病监测结果分析

目的掌握武汉口岸出入境人员的疾病分布特点及其流行规律,为制定防控对策提供科学依据。方法2009—2010年,对武汉口岸52 598名出入境人员疾病监测结果进行统计分析。结果共检出各类疾病及异常指标者14856例,总检出率为28.24%。其中非传染性疾病有高血压、心电图改变,检出率分别为15.49%、11.40%;传染性疾病有肺结核、梅毒抗体阳性、HIV抗体阳性,检出率分别为0.78%、0.55%、0.02%。结论应加强对重点人群的疾病监测,在切实做好传染性疾病防控工作的同时,加强对非传染性疾病知识的普及和宣传,促进出入境人员身体健康。     

旅行者腹泻的风险分析和健康干预

旅行者腹泻是国际旅行者最常见的疾病,了解其风险因素及干预措施对于保障国际旅行者的健康尤为重要。笔者对旅行者腹泻的风险因素从致病因素、传播途径、临床特点、易感人群、季节性、地理分布及危害性7个方面进行详细分析,并从事前干预和事后应对2方面提出了针对性的干预措施。本文为国际旅行者提供了有关旅行者腹泻的安全有效的旅行卫生保健服务。     

Screening international travellers in China for SARS

Faced with the spread of SARS through international travel, the World Health Organisation (WHO) advised against inessential travel to certain areas with local SARS transmission, and also the screening of travellers from such areas. This report looks at the steps taken in China for the screening of travellers. Travellers were asked about contact with SARS and possible symptoms, were screened for high fever, provided with health information and observed for any clinical signs. Arrangements were in place for dealing with ill travellers and for contact tracing of fellow travellers. There were also extra measures that could only be justified by the reassurance they provided. The overall impact of these measures in preventing international spread of SARS is unknown, but the experience could contribute to the control of future epidemics.     

Medical insurance claims associated with international business travel.

OBJECTIVES: Preliminary investigations of whether 10,884 staff and consultants of the World Bank experience disease due to work related travel. Medical insurance claims filed by 4738 travellers during 1993 were compared with claims of non-travellers. METHODS: Specific diagnoses obtained from claims were analysed overall (one or more v no missions) and by frequency of international mission (1, 2-3, or > or = 4). Standardised rate of claims ratios (SSRs) for each diagnostic category were obtained by dividing the age adjusted rate of claims for travellers by the age adjusted rate of claims for non-travellers, and were calculated for men and women travellers separately. RESULTS: Overall, rates of insurance claims were 80% higher for men and 18% higher for women travellers than their non-travelling counterparts. Several associations with frequency of travel were found. SRRs for infectious disease were 1.28, 1.54, and 1.97 among men who had completed one, two or three, and four or more missions, and 1.16, 1.28, and 1.61, respectively, among women. The greatest excess related to travel was found for psychological disorders. For men SRRs were 2.11, 3.13, and 3.06 and for women, SRRs were 1.47, 1.96, and 2.59. CONCLUSIONS: International business travel may pose health risks beyond exposure to infectious diseases. Because travellers file medical claims at a greater rate than non-travellers, and for many categories of disease, the rate of claims increases with frequency of travel. The reasons for higher rates of claims among travellers are not well understood. Additional research on psychosocial factors, health practices, time zones crossed, and temporal relation between travel and onset of disease is planned.     

珠海口岸出入境人员疾病监测结果分析

[目的]掌握珠海口岸各类出入境人员中疾病分布的特点，以便有针对性的开展疾病监测工作。[方法]对2004年经珠海口岸出入境的11478名出入境人员的疾病监测结果进行统计分析。[结果]在被监测对象中存在着多种疾病，按检出率的高低排列如下：HBsAg阳性、肝功能(ALT)异常、心电图异常、血压异常、梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性、开放性肺结核、HIV抗体阳性；不同类别人员所患疾病的种类有差异。[结论]应加强对重点人群的卫生监管工作，加强与当地医疗部门、政府部门的合作，普及预防疾病传播的知识，提高人们的自我防护意识。     

对1例梅毒与HIV及乙型肝炎合并感染分析

对1例梅毒与HIV及乙型肝炎合并感染者进行分析,患性病的人更易感染HIV.口岸作为控制传染病的关口,提示加强出入境人员的健康教育,普及传染病预防知识.加强艾滋病阳性人群的监管,有效防止和延缓艾滋病在中国的传播.     

Malaria incidence and prevention among European and North American travellers to Kenya

A longitudinal survey was conducted among travellers departing from Nairobi airport to determine the use of malaria prevention measures and assess the risk for malaria while travelling in Kenya. Among 5489 European and North American travellers, 68 different drug regimens were used for prophylaxis, and 48% of travellers used both regular chemoprophylaxis and more than 1 antimosquito measure during travel; 52% of 3469 travellers who used chemoprophylaxis did so without interruption during their travel and for 4 weeks after departure. Compliance was lowest among travellers who visited friends and relatives, who were young, or who stayed more than 3 weeks. Sixty-seven (1%) travellers experienced symptoms of malaria, but the diagnosis could be verified for only 16 of these. Long-stay travellers appeared to be at higher risk for malaria than short-stay travellers, and health information needs to be targeted especially to the former. Similar investigations are needed among international travellers to other malaria-endemic countries. With comparable data available, consistent and effective malaria prevention guidelines can be developed.     

深圳口岸2004～2005年出入境人员传染病监测结果分析

〔目的〕了解深圳口岸2004～2005年传染性疾病流行特征,为卫生检疫部门制订传染性疾病防治措施提供科学依据。[方法]对深圳口岸2004～2005年出入境人员进行HBV、梅毒及HIV检测。[结果]深圳口岸2004年传染性疾病报告病例数为5562例;2005年传染性疾病报告病例数为5910例,2005年较2004年增长了6.6%。2004年和2005年都是HBV检出率最高,其次是梅毒,2004年和2005年分别发现HIV感染者10例和8例。[结论]HBV和梅毒病例数呈明显上升趋势,应大力加强对出入境人员传染病监测体检工作。     

Promoting travel clinic referrals: exploring partnerships for healthier travel.

Many travellers are unaware or unprepared for the health-related risks of international travel. Indeed, studies of travel-related morbidity have estimated that between 15 and 45% of travellers to tropical and sub-tropical destinations experience a variety of mild to severe clinical symptoms during their travel. While some inadequacies may exist in the pre-travel health advice provided by travel clinics, recent studies have suggested that these clinics are more effective in promoting health awareness and consequently in preventing illness than more traditional health services. Unfortunately, traveller attendance records at pre-travel health clinics are poor. This situation suggests that new partnerships must be developed which encourage healthier travel by promoting the pre-departure use of travel health clinic services. The intent of this paper is to generate discussion as well as to initiate research into the development and evaluation of new partnerships to promote healthier travel.