息肉状脉络膜血管病变15例随访观察

目的 观察息肉状脉络膜血管病变（polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, PCV）的病程变化及视力预后。 方法 对15例临床确诊的PCV患者的20只患眼行矫正视力和眼底彩色照相随访观察，随访时间2～64个月，平均随访时间19.1个月；其中10例14只眼采用荧光素 眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography, FFA）和吲哚青绿血管造影（indocyanine green angiography, ICGA）作了眼底形态学的随访，随访时间3～53个月，平均随访时 间21.0个月。 结果 20只患眼随访视力为0.3及其以上者5只眼，占25.0 %；视力为0.1～0.2者6只眼，占30.0%；视力为0.1以下者9只眼，占45.0%。随访过程中2只眼视力增进，占10.0%，10 只眼视力稳定，占50.0%，8只患眼视力下降，占40.0%；仅1只眼形成盘状瘢痕，占5.0%。14 只眼底血管造影随访的患眼中，造影显示息肉状病灶稳定不变者4只眼，占28.6%；部分消退者2只眼，占14.3%；息肉状病灶有扩展和新生者6只眼，占42.7%；消退和新生并存者2只眼，占14.3%。 结论 PCV患眼视力预后差异较大；在病程进展过程中息肉状病灶可增多、消退或稳定不变。（中华眼底病杂志，2004，20：8-11）     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗渗出型老年性黄斑变性的临床疗效观察

目的
评价经瞳孔温热疗法(transpupillary thermotherapy,TTT)治疗渗出型老年性黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration, AMD）的临床疗效。
方法
回顾分析62例确诊为AMD的患者的62只患眼TTT治疗的临床资料。62例AMD患眼中，行荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography，FFA)检查者58例，吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography ,ICGA)检查者42例，光相干断层成像术(optic coherence tomography, OCT)检查者56例。激光治疗机波长为810 nm，光斑0.5～3.0 mm,能量60～400 mW,照射时间60 s。62例患者治疗后随访观察1～10个月，平均随访观察时间4.8个月，分析末次随访视力与治疗前视力以及OCT复查资料。
结果
视力不变者43例，占69.4%；进步者15例，占24.2%；下降者4例，占6.5%。51例OCT复查者中，黄斑水肿不变者29例，占56.96%；好转者18例，占38.3%；恶化者4例，占7.8%。视力改善与OCT黄斑水肿的形态改善相一致者38只眼，占OCT检查者的74.5%；视力改善滞后于黄斑水肿形态改善者13只眼，占25.5%。再次行TTT治疗者18只眼，占接受TTT治疗者的29.0%。治疗随访期间无明显治疗副作用。
结论
TTT治疗能使大部分渗出性AMD患眼视力稳定或提高，使用安全，但激光治疗参数尚需进一步探索。
(中华眼底病杂志, 2002, 18: 180-183)     

增生型糖尿病视网膜病变玻璃体切除手术后再出血病因及治疗

目的 分析增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)玻璃体切割手术后再出血病因，观察再治疗效果。 方法 回顾分析302例PDR患者315只患眼接受玻璃体切割手术治疗后32只眼再出血并再次治疗后随访3~48个月（平均随访时间12个月）的临床资料。 结果 PDR玻璃体切割手术后再出血发生率为10%，再出血发生时间为手术后1～210 d，平均时间为51 d。再出血的主要原因中，28%为巩膜切口纤维血管向内生长，19%为视盘表面残存新生血管膜或血管残端处理不当，22%为视网膜激光光凝不足，9%为视网膜表面新生血管膜剥除不彻底，6%为视网膜静脉阻塞，16%为外力作用。通过冷凝巩膜切口处纤维血管、剥离视盘和视网膜表面残存新生血管膜并电凝视盘表面血管残端、补充视网膜激光光凝、 包扎双眼等治疗，再出血眼视力提高者占91%，视力下降者占9%。再次手术后并发症主要包括再次出血、虹膜后粘连、晶状体混浊加重、角膜上皮愈合延迟等。 结论 PDR玻璃体切割手术治疗后再出血的主要原因是巩膜切口纤维血管向内生长、视盘表面和（或）视网膜表面新生血管膜剥除不彻底、血管残端处理不当、视网膜激光光凝不足和外力作用。处理好巩膜切口、彻底剥离视盘和视网膜表面新生血管膜、电凝血管残端以及足够的视网膜激光光凝是预防和治疗PDR玻璃体切割手术后再出血的有效方法。(中华眼底病杂志,2007,23:238-240)      

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜炎

目的 观察经瞳孔温热疗法(transpupillary thermotherapy,TTT)对中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜炎(central exudative chorioretinopathy,CEC)的治疗效果。 方法 使用Iris 810 nm 半导体激光对29例CEC患者进行TTT治疗，采用1.2、2.0及3.0 mm光斑，能量80～300 mW，照射时间60 s。随访4～40周，通过视力、直接检眼镜检查、荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)及吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)观察治疗效果。 结果 治疗后视力提高者8例，占28%；无变化者19例，占65％；视力下降者2例，占7%。12例患者症状有程度不同的改善，眼底检查病变减轻者10例。20例复查眼底血管造影的患者中，12例脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)明显消退、渗漏减轻。 结论 TTT对CEC有较好的治疗效果。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2002, 18: 184-186)     

碱性眼化学灼伤并发症及其处理

碱性眼化学伤是常见眼外伤,灼伤后常发生角膜坏死、溃疡、甚至穿孔。以致发生睑球粘连、继发性青光眼、角膜血管翳、眼睑内翻倒睫等并发症。如何处理是值得讨论的问题。我院从1997～1999年3月收治严重的碱性眼化学灼伤60例,现报告如下:一般资料:60例中,男55例,女5例,年龄16～66岁,平均年龄46岁。双眼16例,右眼25例,左眼19例。致伤原因为氢氧化钠、水泥、氨水和氨气等。发生的并发症有:(1)睑球粘连25例,占411%。(2)继发性青光眼10例,占166%。(3)睑内翻倒睫12例,占20%。(4)角膜血管翳46例,占766%。(5)角膜穿孔2例,占33%。(6)眼球萎缩1例,占16%…     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗病理性近视脉络膜新生血管

目的 :探讨经瞳孔温热疗法治疗病理性近视脉络膜新生血管的疗效和治疗相关并发症。方法 :病理性近视脉络膜新生血管 11例 11眼 ,表面麻醉下 ,810nm半导体激光经散大的瞳孔实施温热治疗 ,光斑 0 5mm～2 0mm ,能量 110～ 45 0mw ,照射时间 60s。术后随访。记录矫正视力 ,眼底检查、彩色眼底照相、黄斑平均视敏度、眼底血管造影CNV渗漏以及与治疗相关的并发症。结果 :经 6 1± 4 3月随访 ,视力提高 6眼 ,占 5 4 5 5 % ,不变 5眼 ,占 45 45 %。FFA或ICGA显示CNV渗漏停止 7眼 ,恶化 1眼 ,持续渗漏 3眼。视网膜疤痕 3眼 ,萎缩灶 1眼 ,Fushs′斑 1眼。黄斑平均光视敏感度改善 2眼 ,占 18 18% ,不变 9眼 ,占81 82 %。并发症 :视网膜出血 1眼。结论 :病理性近视脉络膜新生血管TTT治疗有效 ,安全性好 ,适合于重色素人群的能量有待进一步摸索。     

氪离子激光光凝治疗糖尿病视网膜病变疗效观察

目的观察氪离子激光治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的效果。方法荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)确诊为III～V期DR96例(184只眼),术前查视力、裂隙灯、眼底和FFA,根据病变部位、性质、屈光介质情况选择不同波长激光进行全视网膜光凝(PRP),术后随访6～36个月。结果治疗后184只眼视力提高60只眼,占32.61%;视力无变化90只眼,占48.91%;视力下降34只眼,占18.48%。结论氪离子激光治疗可提高或保护DR患者的视功能。     

经瞳孔温热疗法联合曲安奈德球后注射治疗脉络膜特发性新生血管

目的:观察经瞳孔温热疗法(transpupillary thermotherapy,TTT)联合球后曲安奈德注射(triamcinolone acetonidc,TA)治疗脉络膜特发性新生血管(idiopathic choroidal neovascularization,ICNV)的治疗效果.方法:球后注射曲安奈德使黄斑部水肿、渗出缓解后再使用法国产Iris810nm半导体激光对11例脉络膜特发性新生血管患者进行TTT治疗,采用1.0～2.0nm光斑、能量75～175mW照射时间55～60s,随诊3～4mo,通过视力,直接检眼镜检查,荧光素眼底血管造影(tundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)及吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)观察疗效.结果:治疗后视力提高者8例,占73%.无变化者2例18%.视力下降者1例9%.11例患者中眼底改变者10例,1例有瘢痕形成.结论:TTT TA对脉络膜新生血管有较好的疗效,激光能量小,参数较易掌握.     

经瞳孔温热疗法治疗黄斑部脉络膜新生血管

目的探讨经瞳孔温热疗法(transpupillary thermotherapy,TTT)治疗黄斑部脉络膜新生血管膜(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)的疗效.方法经眼底荧光血管检查证实的各原因所致的黄斑部CNV患者27例30眼,其中老年黄斑变性9例11眼,高度近视12例12眼,中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜炎(简称"中渗")5例5眼,血管条纹症1例,双眼.于2000年6月～2001年9月行TTT治疗,治疗采用IRIS半导体激光,波长810nm,光斑根据CNV病灶大小0.5～3.0 mm,能量180～350 mW,时间60s,治疗后病灶颜色不变或呈淡灰色.随访期8～24个月.结果视力提高2行以上者6眼,占20%,均为中渗或高度近视眼;21眼视力改变不超过2行,占70%;3眼视力下降2行,占10%.19眼于术后复查荧光血管造影,CNV有不同程度的减小或闭塞.结论TTT对多种原因所致的黄斑部CNV均有稳定作用,其作用可持续较长时间.治疗参数因患者眼底色素含量不同而有所差异.最终治疗效果与治疗前病程、CNW的位置及治疗参数的适度有关.     

黄斑视网膜前膜的临床观察

目的探讨黄斑视网膜前膜(macular epiretinal membrane,MEM) 的临床特征、病因分类及病程分期。方法回顾性分析1983～2000年门诊经荧光素眼底血管造影诊断为MEM 194例患者的临床资料。结果194例222只眼眼底有MEM的典型表现。病因分类,先天性4例占2．12%,继发性22 例占11．34%,特发性168例占86．60%。病程分期,早期119只眼占53．60%,中期72只眼占3 2．43%,晚期31只眼占13．96%。结论MEM可分为先天性、继发性、特发性。病程可分早、中、晚三期,为探讨本病的治疗提供参考。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:210-213)     

Photocoagulation in Eales' disease

Between 1970 and 1991 the authors examined 466 cases with Eales' disease. 359 eyes of 295 of these 466 cases received photocoagulation treatment. The mean age was 30.4, ranging between 14 and 55 years. Ten eyes with persistent vitreous hemorrhage underwent pars plana vitrectomy before photocoagulation. 210 eyes were treated with xenon arc, 135 with argon laser, 12 with krypton laser and two with yellow dye laser. Hypoxic areas and retinal neovascularizations were closed completely in 298 eyes. In 21 eyes with elevated neovascularizations intruding into the vitreous cavity feeder vessel photocoagulation was used. 24 eyes with disc neovascularization were treated with panretinal photocoagulation. 12 eyes with branch vein occlusion and four eyes with central vein occlusion received photocoagulation treatment to areas of non-perfusion and retinal neovascularization. At a mean follow-up of 43 months, seven new retinal neovascularizations and three new disc neovascularizations developed in eyes which previously had received photocoagulation for retinal neovascularization and hypoxia. Nine out of 21 eyes with elevated neovascularizations developed vitreous hemorrhage. Disc neovascularization resolved completely in 13 out of 24 eyes, it partially regressed in eight eyes and did not respond to treatment in three eyes. The visual acuities were improved in 12.3%, maintained in 77.4% and deteriorated in 10.3% of the eyes after treatment. Periodic follow-up and early photocoagulation treatment is useful in stabilizing the retinal lesions and in maintaining functional levels of vision in Eales' disease.     

Photocoagulation in Eales' disease

Between 1970 and 1991 the authors examined 466 cases with Eales' disease. 359 eyes of 295 of these 466 cases received photocoagulation treatment. The mean age was 30.4, ranging between 14 and 55 years. Ten eyes with persistent vitreous hemorrhage underwent pars plana vitrectomy before photocoagulation. 210 eyes were treated with xenon arc, 135 with argon laser, 12 with krypton laser and two with yellow dye laser. Hypoxic areas and retinal neovascularizations were closed completely in 298 eyes. In 21 eyes with elevated neovascularizations intruding into the vitreous cavity feeder vessel photocoagulation was used. 24 eyes with disc neovascularization were treated with panretinal photocoagulation. 12 eyes with branch vein occlusion and four eyes with central vein occlusion received photocoagulation treatment to areas of non-perfusion and retinal neovascularization. At a mean follow-up of 43 months, seven new retinal neovascularizations and three new disc neovascularizations developed in eyes which previously had received photocoagulation for retinal neovascularization and hypoxia. Nine out of 21 eyes with elevated neovascularizations developed vitreous hemorrhage. Disc neovascularization resolved completely in 13 out of 24 eyes, it partially regressed in eight eyes and did not respond to treatment in three eyes. The visual acuities were improved in 12.3%, maintained in 77.4% and deteriorated in 10.3% of the eyes after treatment. Periodic follow-up and early photocoagulation treatment is useful in stabilizing the retinal lesions and in maintaining functional levels of vision in Eales' disease.     

氩激光治疗视网膜血管病致黄斑水肿的临床观察

目的探讨氩绿激光光凝治疗视网膜血管病致黄斑水肿的方法和疗效。方法对46例58眼视网膜血管病致黄斑水肿患者包括糖尿病视网膜病变24例36眼、视网膜静脉阻塞22例22眼,采用波长514.5nm氩绿激光行黄斑区局部或格栅样光凝治疗。术后随访6~12个月,观察患者黄斑水肿消退情况和治疗后视力变化。结果光凝治疗后视力提高者34眼(58.6%),视力不变者21眼(36.2%),视力下降者3眼(5.2%)。黄斑水肿完全吸收17眼(29.3%),部分吸收34眼(58.6%),7眼无变化(12.1%)。结论氩离子激光光凝是治疗视网膜血管病致黄斑水肿有效、安全的方法。     

532nm激光光凝治疗视网膜前出血的临床观察

目的　探讨５３２ｎｍ激光光凝治疗视网膜前出血的临床疗效。方法　收集我院２０１０年１月至２０１３年１０月确诊为视网膜前出血的患者１３例（１３眼）,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。８眼行激光爆破模式引流失败,改行激光光凝模式治疗;５眼视网膜前出血病程超过２周者直接行激光光凝模式治疗。所有患者均接受视网膜激光光凝模式治疗１～２次,术后随访１个月,观察视力、眼底彩照及并发症情况。结果　接受激光治疗的１３眼患者,６眼（４６．２％）行１次视网膜激光光凝术、７眼（５３８％）行２次视网膜激光光凝术。所有病例经治疗后出血均明显吸收,平均吸收时间１８．９２ｄ;视力都有不同程度提高,１个月后随访视力平均提高６．０行。视网膜前出血吸收后激光光凝处未遗留激光斑痕迹,亦无色素增生,所有病例无其他激光并发症发生。结论　５３２ｎｍ激光光凝模式治疗视网膜前出血简单实用、安全有效,且可重复实施,在激光引流视网膜前出血失败后或对于病程较长者可作为有效治疗手段。     

Laser treatment of diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy.

The Authors report laser treatment of 18 eyes (14 patients) with a variant of central serous chorioretinopathy associated with widespread decompensation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the macula, diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy (DRPE). All eighteen eyes with DRPE were treated with Krypton red laser photocoagulation in a grid pattern to leaking RPE in areas of neurosensory retinal detachment. All eyes showed anatomic improvement with resolution of the serous macular detachment and lipid exudation. The visual acuity was stabilized in 15 eyes (83%) at 6 months' follow-up, but only 3 eyes (17%) demonstrated improved visual acuity in the same time interval. At eighteen months, 2 of 15 eyes (13%) retained improved visual acuity, 11 eyes (74%) remained unchanged, and 2 eyes (13%) had visual loss. In this series of patients with DRPE, grid laser photocoagulation treatment was uniformly successful in producing an anatomic improvement in the exudative manifestations of the macula and in preventing or slowing progression of vision loss.     

玻璃体切除术治疗视网膜静脉阻塞所致的玻璃体出血

报告应闭合式玻璃体切除术治疗７例（７眼）因视网膜静脉阻塞所致的玻璃体出血。所有病人术后眼底清晰可见，视力明显提高。术后４例出现再出血，经药物治疗后出血吸收，加用氩离子激光视网膜光凝，无再出血。随访３至１８个月所有病人无新生血管性青光眼及牵引性视网膜脱离出现。认为玻璃体切除术不但能使屈光间质恢复透明，视力提高，预防牵引性视网膜脱离，而且为明确诊断和进一步激光治疗提供条件。     

早期和晚期激光治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的疗效比较

目的:比较早期行氪激光视网膜光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞和晚期激光治疗的疗效.方法:视网膜分支静脉阻塞患者125例125眼分为早期治疗组68例68眼和晚期治疗组57例57眼,初诊时行视力、眼压、眼底、FFA和OCT检查.早期组在初诊时行氪激光光凝治疗:除出血区行氪红激光和波及黄斑区行氪黄激光,其余行氪绿激光,激光术后给予球后注射曲安奈德40mg.晚期组在初诊时口服沃丽汀、维生素C和安多明等药物,若病变波及黄斑区引起黄斑水肿者行球后注射曲安奈德40mg.1,3,6,12mo行复诊,复诊时行视力、眼压、眼底、FFA和OCT检查.若FFA检查发现晚期组视网膜出现毛细血管无灌注区行氪激光光凝治疗.随访时间为1a.结果:早期组68眼中视力提高49眼(72.1%),视力稳定16眼(23.5%),视力下降3眼(4.4%);晚期组57眼中视力提高35眼(61.4%),视力稳定8眼(14.0%),视力下降14眼(24.6%).FFA和OCT检查发现早期组黄斑水肿消失或减轻的时间比晚期组明显缩短,视网膜出血吸收的时间也比晚期组缩短.早期组中没有1眼发生黄斑囊样变性、黄斑裂孔和玻璃体出血,晚期组中有14眼发生黄斑囊样变性或黄斑裂孔,有9眼发生玻璃体出血导致视力显著下降.结论:早期行氪激光视网膜光凝治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞的疗效明显优于晚期激光治疗,早期治疗能最大限度保存和提高患者的视力.早期行激光治疗未发现明显的不良反应,是安全有效的方法.     

多波长氪激光配合中药在局限性孔源性视网膜脱离的应用

目的:观察多波长氪激光配合中药治疗局限性孔源性视网膜脱离。方法:回顾性分析85例108眼局限性孔源性视网膜脱离,经过多波长氪激光及中药治疗,并随访0.5a。结果:本组108眼中,治愈101眼(93.5%),无效7眼(6.5%)。治愈眼均为光凝1次后,视网膜脱离范围局限,视网膜下积液逐渐吸收后再予补充1～2次光凝,病情稳定后常规0.5a复查,均未复发。无效眼均采用冷凝联合巩膜外垫压手术治愈,术后在视网膜变性区周围补充光凝,108患眼均配合中药治疗。结论:波长氪激光配合中药治疗局限性孔源性视网膜脱离,疗效可靠。     

Extensive argon laser photocoagulation in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

A group of 20 patients (28 eyes) with proliferative retinopathy who required extensive argon laser photocoagulation to induce regression of new vessels is presented. The mean number of burns applied to each eye was 7225, with a maximum of 11,513. These were delivered in a mean of nine sessions over a mean period of 22.9 months. Twenty-five eyes (89%) had a final visual acuity of 6/18 or better. The remaining three eyes (11%) had severely reduced vision attributable to complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (traction retinal detachment involving the macula in two eyes and ischaemic maculopathy and a persistent vitreous haemorrhage in the third). Large amounts of confluent argon laser photocoagulation may be necessary for the elimination of new vessels in some patients, and it is our view that laser photocoagulation should be continued until regression of new vessels occurs. This is compatible with the retention of functional vision and good visual acuity.     

激光光凝治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变疗效分析

目的:探讨激光光凝治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的治疗效果。方法:对我院近3a 176例320眼的糖尿病性视网膜病变,经行激光光凝治疗后,定期观察视力,眼底及眼底荧光造影检查(3 ～4mo),记录新生血管、视网膜出血渗出、玻璃体积血等情况,观察期4mo～3a。结果:完成激光治疗后1mo,视力提高≥2行139眼(43.4)%,无变化123眼(38.4)%,视力下降≤2行58眼(28.1)%。造影示新生血管消退307眼(95.9%),3眼新生血管性青光眼,虹膜新生血管消退,眼压正常。28眼(8.8%)发生玻璃体积血,后行玻璃体切割,术中补激光。结论:激光光凝是治疗糖尿病性视网膜病变的有效方法。