湖北省鄂州市疟疾防治历程及消除疟疾对策与评价

目的了解鄂州市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结评估鄂州市消除疟疾工作,为其他地区实施消除疟疾行动计划及开展评估工作提供参考和依据。方法对鄂州市1951—2014年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家卫生计生委《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2014年版)》,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果上世纪50年代和70年代初期,鄂州市曾发生两次大范围疟疾暴发流行,流行高峰年份发病数达26 005例,发病率4 150/10万。1987年以后,鄂州市疟疾发病率控制在1/万以下。2007年以来鄂州市没有发生本地疟疾病例,报告病例主要是输入性恶性疟,全部为非洲务工返乡人员。经过实验室确诊,无本地感染疟疾病例发生。防治工作经历控制流行、常态化管理、消除疟疾3个阶段。结论鄂州市经过多年疟疾防治,连续保持9年无本地疟疾病例,达到消除疟疾标准。巩固工作重点是加强输入性病例监测。     

湖北省神农架林区疟疾防治历程及消除疟疾对策与评价

目的分析神农架林区疟疾流行规律与防治历程,总结评估消除疟疾策略及措施,为其他地区实施消除疟疾行动及开展评估工作提供参考和依据。方法对神农架林区1977—2015年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家卫生计生委《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2014年版)》,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果神农架林区20世纪70年代曾经发生过疟疾流行,1977年发病率高达306.74/10万。从1978年到1983年疟疾发病率大多在60/10万~70/10万之间,20世纪80年代末疟疾发病率迅速下降,90年代中期疫情有所反复,2000年达到基本消除水平。2010年开展消除疟疾行动计划后,神农架林区进一步建立健全疟疾防治网络和疟疾监测系统,规范疫情报告与处置,加强发热病人疟原虫血检,强化技能培训,广泛开展健康教育,加强部门合作,圆满完成消除疟疾的各项任务。2010—2015年,全区疟原虫血检共计2 673人次,年均疟原虫血检总数均大于辖区人口数的3‰,疟疾年平均报告发病率为0.39/万,2011年起均为输入性病例,无本地感染疟疾病例发生。防治工作经历控制流行、常态化管理、消除疟疾3个阶段。结论神农架林区经过多年疟疾防治,保持连续5年无本地疟疾病例,达到消除疟疾标准,巩固工作重点是加强输入性病例监测及防控。     

安徽省肥西县疟疾流行与防治历程和消除措施评价

目的了解肥西县疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结和分析消除疟疾的措施和效果,探讨消除疟疾的成功经验。方法用回顾性调查方法,对肥西县疟疾的流行趋势、防治措施、效果进行总结和分析。结果经过60多年的积极防治,肥西县疟疾发病率从1970年最高的23 372.30/10万,2014年降至0.82/10万,2012—2014年连续3年无本地感染病例,2015年经安徽省卫生计生委考核评估,达到卫生部消除疟疾标准。结论肥西县已达到部颁消除疟疾标准,实现了全县消除疟疾。     

海南省文昌市疟疾流行与防治历程及消除疟疾措施与评价

目的了解文昌市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结文昌市消除疟疾成效。方法对文昌市1950—2013年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家卫生计生委《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2014年版)》,对文昌市消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果文昌市曾是疟疾高度流行区,经过几代疟防工作人员的共同努力,采取一系列的综合防治措施,包括保护易感人群,加强流动人口的管理和监测,加强健康教育,普及疟疾防治知识,培训疟疾消除技术人员和医疗机构人员,巩固好消除工作,有效地阻断了疟疾的传播,疟疾的年均发病率从50年代的1 235.88/10万下降到2009年0.50/10万,2010—2013年,已连续4年无本地疟疾确诊病例报告,通过组织评估,全市已达到消除疟疾考核目标。结论文昌市经过多年疟疾防治,连续保持4年无本地疟疾病例,达到消除疟疾标准。巩固工作重点是加强输入性病例监测。     

河南省陕县1952-2015年消除疟疾工作措施与效果

目的 了解陕县疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结评估陕县消除疟疾工作,为内陆其他疟疾低流行地区实施消除疟疾行动计划及开展评估工作提供参考和依据.方法 对陕县1952-2015年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家卫生部《疟疾控制和消除标准》(GB26345-2010)和河南省卫生厅《消除疟疾考核评估实施细则(2014版)》,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估.结果 疟疾曾是危害陕县人民健康较为严重的地方性传染病,1953年发病率为491.11/10万,1971年最为严重,发病率为822.23/10万.防治工作经历控制流行、基本消灭、消除疟疾3个阶段.消除疟疾阶段,陕县建立多部门联防联控工作机制,措施保障到位,按照《河南省消除疟疾行动计划(2010-2020)》要求开展消除和巩固工作,乡镇卫生院及县级综合医疗机构均设置疟原虫镜检站,开展发热病人血检,2010-2015年共血检23 277人次.年度血检数均达到总人口1％以上,血片复核率10％,年报告发病率均控制在0.6/10万以下,发生的6例输入疫情均及时有效控制.结论 陕县经过多年疟疾防治,连续保持8年无本地疟疾病例,达到消除疟疾标准.巩固工作重点是加强输入性病例监测.     

浙江省舟山市疟疾流行概况与防治历程及消除疟疾措施评价

目的分析舟山市疟疾流行概况,描述疟疾防治历程,评价消除疟疾措施及效果,为消除疟疾行动计划实施和消除疟疾后监测提供科学依据。方法收集、整理、分析1950—2012年舟山市疟疾防治工作资料。结果舟山市以间日疟流行为主,中华按蚊为主要传播媒介。历史上共发生过四次流行高峰,1968年发病率达到1 864.90/10万。经过采取控制传染源和传播媒介防制等综合性措施,疟疾流行呈现逐步下降趋势,2009年以来无本地病例发生。2010年起开展消除疟疾行动,发现输入性恶性疟6例,输入性间日疟2例。2012年达到消除疟疾标准,完成省级消除疟疾考核。结论舟山市在不同的时期采取的疟疾防治措施取得了显著的成效,消除疟疾行动有力地推动了疟疾防治工作,同时需要积极应对消除疟疾后的防控工作。     

河南省孟州市消除疟疾历程及防治工作措施与评价

目的了解孟州市疟疾流行概况及防治历程,总结孟州市消除疟疾工作经验,评价疟疾防治效果,为全面实现消除疟疾行动计划目标及开展考核评估工作提供参考。方法收集孟州市1950—2015年疟疾防治规划、计划、技术方案、疫情报告数据、防控措施和效果等资料,按照国家《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2014年版)》,从消除措施、保障措施、防控效果等方面进行分析和评价。结果经60多年的反复防控,孟州市疟疾疫情得到全面控制,疟疾发病率从最高的123.23/万(1964年)降至1982年的1/万以下,2010年起无本地病例报告。疟疾防控工作经历了控制流行、基本消灭、后期巩固监测和消除疟疾4个阶段。2010年以来建立了消除疟疾机制、年血检率达1%以上,疟疾监测网络健全,6例输入性疟疾病例发现及时,疫情处置规范。结论经过几十年的积极防治,孟州市已连续8年无本地疟疾病例报告,经省、市组织考核达到消除疟疾标准。境外输入性疟疾会持续存在,要进一步加强流动人口疟疾管理及监测力度,及时发现和有效治疗输入性疟疾病例,继续巩固防治成果。     

海南省海口市疟疾流行与防治历程及消除措施和评价

目的了解海口市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结评估海口市消除疟疾工作,为实施消除疟疾行动计划及开展评估工作提供参考和依据。方法对海口市1951—2014年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家卫生计生委《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2014年版)》,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果 1955年疟疾发病率为5 482.58/10万,经控制流行、常态化管理、消除疟疾3个阶段防治。在消除疟疾阶段(2010—2014年),海口市建立多部门联防联控工作机制,经费保障到位,按《海南省消除疟疾实施方案》要求开展消除和巩固工作,乡镇卫生院以上医疗机构均设立疟防科室,疟原虫血检18 543人,年度血检数均达到总人口1‰以上,血片复核率11.37%,年报告发病率均控制在0.5/10万以下,发生14例输入疫情均及时有效控制。媒介监测未发现本地主要传疟媒介微小按蚊和大劣按蚊。结论海口市经过多年疟疾防治,2014年达到消除疟疾标准。巩固工作重点是加强输入性病例监测。     

河南省林州市疟疾流行与防治历程及消除措施和评价

目的了解林州市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结评估林州市消除疟疾工作,为实施消除疟疾行动计划及开展评估工作提供参考和依据。方法对林州市1949—2013年疟疾防治疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料进行描述性分析和总结,根据国家卫生计生委《消除疟疾考核评估方案(2013年版)》,从保障措施、技术措施、防控效果3个方面对消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果疟疾曾是危害林州市人民健康最为严重的地方性传染病,1949年发病率为1 024.17/10万,防治工作经历控制流行、基本消除、基本消除后监测、消除疟疾4个阶段。在消除疟疾阶段(2010—2013年)林州市建立多部门联防联控工作机制,经费保障到位,按《河南省消除疟疾实施方案》要求开展消除疟疾工作,年度发热病人血检数均达到总人口1‰以上,血片复核率在30%以上,年报告发病率均控制在1/10万以下,发生的7例输入疫情均及时有效控制。结论林州市经过多年疟疾防治,连续保持15年无本地疟疾病例,达到消除疟疾标准。     

仙桃市疟疾防治与消除疟疾历程分析

目的总结仙桃市疟疾流行历史及防治历程,评估消除疟疾工作效果。方法收集仙桃市1950—2014年疟疾防治与消除疟疾工作相关数据,采用描述流行病学方法,从医疗卫生基础条件、防控措施及效果、工作保障等方面评估全市消除疟疾工作。结果疟疾曾是仙桃市常见病、高发病,1974年全市共报告病例158 004人,发病率达到13.65%。经过有效防治,疟疾发病逐年稳步下降,至1994年,全市疟疾发病降至100人,发病率首次降至1/万以下,达到0.66/万,2010年,报告最后1例本地感染病例。2015年4月,经省卫计委考核评估,达到国家消除疟疾标准。结论仙桃市疟疾的消除,有赖于政府对疟疾防治工作的重视、医疗卫生防疫事业的进步及坚持不懈的科学防控,劳动条件的改善和人们生活水平的提高促进了疟疾的早日消除。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.