猴艾滋病模型CD28家族mRNA动态变化及中药干预作用

目的观察猴艾滋病毒(SIV)感染猴模型外周血CD28家族免疫共刺激分子mRNA动态变化及中药复方艾可清的干预作用。方法 SIVmac251感染12只恒河猴,分别于感染前、感染后8周每周、给药前(SIV感染第10周)、给药后每4周时间点采集外周静脉血,分离PBMC,以定量PCR检测CD28、ICOS、PD-1、CTLA-4及HLA-DRmRNA。结果所观察的4种免疫共刺激分子及免疫活化标志物HLA-DR mRNA量出现了不同程的升高,其中HLA-DRmRNA高峰出现在SIV感染后第2周,而4种免疫共刺激分子mRNA峰值均出现在SIV感染第5周之后。艾可清使ICOS、CD28、PD-1及HLA-DRmRNA量出现不同程度的降低,而对CTLA-4mRNA量无显著影响。结论 SIV感染猴外周血PBMC负性和正性CD28家族免疫共刺激分子mRNA均出现不同程度的升高;艾可清可能通过同时降低正性及负性免疫共刺激分子mRNA表达而减轻艾滋病免疫活化。     

SIVmac239毒株经静脉及直肠感染中国恒河猴的比较

目的研究猴免疫缺陷病毒SIVmac239毒株经静脉及直肠途径感染中国恒河猴后的生物学特性和症状表现,并比较由感染途径不同导致的差异,为该模型系统的应用提供依据。方法以SIVmac239毒株经静脉感染19只中国恒河猴,经直肠感染6只中国恒河猴,观察至感染后232或168d,比较其抗猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)特异性抗体滴度、CD4 T细胞数量、血浆病毒载量、淋巴结病理改变以及临床表现的变化。结果所有猴均出现SIV抗体阳转。在静脉感染猴,感染后10d检测到SIV特异的IgM,而直肠感染猴始终未能检测到。在感染后168d,静脉感染猴的SIV特异性IgG的平均水平较直肠感染猴高10倍。在观察期内,直肠感染组的CD4 T细胞数下降不如静脉感染组显著。所有猴的血浆SIV载量均在感染后10~14d达到高峰(107拷贝/ml左右),约2个月后降至平台期(103~106拷贝/ml)。2只静脉感染猴及1只直肠感染猴在感染后150~210d死于猴免疫缺陷综合征,呈快速进展型改变。结论SIVmac239毒株静脉及直肠感染接种中国恒河猴,均可建立慢性的SIV感染,其特征与人感染人类免疫缺陷病毒后的改变相似,均可以作为良好的研究获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的动物模型,尤其有助于预防性或治疗性AIDS疫苗的研究。     

SIVmac239感染恒河猴急性期回肠派氏淋巴结中淋巴细胞亚群的变化

目的分析SIVmac239感染早期中国恒河猴回肠派氏淋巴结淋巴细胞数量及亚群的变化,探讨这些变化与疾病进展的可能关系。方法以静脉注射SIVmac239制备恒河猴AIDS模型,对回肠派氏淋巴结进行CD4和CD8免疫组化标记,分离Peyer’s集合淋巴结淋巴细胞,分别标记CD3、CD4、CD8、CD28、CD95单克隆抗体,以流式细胞仪检测T细胞及其亚群的表达情况。结果 SIVmac239感染急性期中国恒河猴Peyer淋巴结中CD4+/CD8+比值持续下降,记忆性细胞比例升高,但Peyer淋巴结形态及CD4+T细胞数量未见明显变化,CD8+T细胞从第5天开始持续升高。结论 SIVmac239感染急性期,中国恒河猴回肠派氏淋巴结形态及CD4+T细胞数量基本维持,向记忆性细胞的转化增加,但是CD4+/CD8+比值下降。     

SIVmac251感染增强恒河猴巨噬细胞对galectin-3诱导凋亡的敏感性

目的研究SIVmac251感染对galectin-3诱导恒河猴巨噬细胞凋亡的影响。方法从健康猴和SIVmac251感染猴外周血分离单核细胞,用GM—CSF与IL-6诱导单核细胞分化成巨噬细胞。巨噬细胞与galectin．3共孵育5．5h后,细胞经PE—annexinV／PerCP-7AAD染色,用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。结果无galectin-3诱导条件下健康猴与SIVmac251感染猴巨噬细胞中annexinV阳性细胞的百分率分别为5．08％与4．87％。Galectin．3诱导条件下健康猴巨噬细胞中annexinV阳性细胞的百分率升至17．62％,SIVmac251感染猴巨噬细胞中annexinV阳性细胞的百分率升至45．56％,两者差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论SIVmac251感染增强恒河猴巨噬细胞对galectin-3诱导凋亡的敏感性。     

两株SIV_(mac)的滴定和特性

SIVmac251的MID100为32TCID，而SIVmac239的MID100高于320TCID。体内滴定感染成功的5只猴（SIVmac2513只，SIVmac2392只）和用ZMID100SIVmac251感染的7只猴感染后有全身淋巴结肿大，并出现规律性的血浆病毒血症和抗体反应。SIVmac251感染的7只恒河猴和2只食蟹猴的淋巴结和脾脏的病理组织学检查，显现规律的SIVmac感染后的组织学变化。上述结果表明两株SIVmac均能诱发SIVmac感染猴的系列表现和变化，可应用于抗艾滋病药物猴体疗效的评价。     

ELISPOT方法检测SIVmac239感染猴特异性细胞免疫水平

目的为了完善现有的SIV／恒河猴模型，掌握恒河猴被SIV感染后体内细胞免疫应答状态，为评价HIV疫苗提供方法和数据上的参考，我们测定了SIV感染猴体内病毒特异性的细胞免疫水平。方法实验前选出4只无SIV、sTLV、SRV／D和B病毒感染的恒河猴，用SIVmac239病毒液静脉感染实验猴，使用RT-PCR、流氏细胞术和ELISPOT等方法，监测SIVmac239病毒在恒河猴体内复制情况、感染猴的外周免疫损伤情况和细胞免疫情况，持续测定一年。结果实验结果显示IFN-γ ELISPOT方法能有效的评估实验猴的细胞免疫情况，IFN—YELISPOT结果和CD4＋T细胞数无相关性，与血浆病毒载量稍有相关。结论本实验明确了SIVmac239感染中国恒河猴体内CTL的基本趋势和范围，了解了外周血病毒载量、外周免疫损伤与细胞免疫状况之间的联系，完善了SIV／SAIDS模型评价指标，为使用此模型评价抗病毒药物或疫苗提供了基础条件。     

中国恒河猴感染SIV后T淋巴细胞免疫活化及其肠粘膜归巢受体的表达

目的 研究中国恒河猴感染SIV后T淋巴细胞免疫活化及其肠粘膜归巢受体表达的情况。方法 选用12只健康中国恒河猴,分为正常动物组(对照组)4只,模型感染组(模型组)8只,静脉接种SIVmac239病毒株,分别于感染前、感染后1周、2周、3周、4周、8周、11周、14周采用免疫组化技术检测猴模型回肠组织中的肠淋巴归巢相关受体(intestinal lymphatic homing receptor) a47、CCR9、aE7、CD62L及肠淋巴组织活化分子CD69的表达; real-time PCR检测病毒载量,流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群、CD4T淋巴细胞活化水平、外周血肠淋巴归巢受体表达水平; ELISA检测血清CD62L。结果 中国恒河猴感染SIV两周后,模型组和对照组的血液学指标(WBC、 LYM%、LYM、RBC)均在正常范围值里,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。模型组CD4/CD8低于对照组,CD8计数高于对照组(P<0.01)。模型组病毒载量显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。AIDS猴感染模型在感染2周起,CD4百分比开始逐渐下降,于感染8周后下降明显(P<0.05)。感染11周后(亚急性期),CD4计数在下降明显(P<0.05)。AIDS猴感染模型在感染1周(急性期)开始,CD4⁺HLA-DR⁺出现一过性上升,随即下降,但感染14周时又骤然升高。CD4⁺CD45⁺HLA-DR⁺和CD3⁺HLA-DR⁺在感染1周时呈现波动上升趋势,随后逐渐下降。血浆中CD62L在感染1周时开始逐渐上升,并在感染到第8周左右到达一个高峰期,随后开始出现下降(P<0.01)。中国恒河猴感染SIV后,肠淋巴归巢受体 47、CCR9、E7的表达升高,L-选择素的表达降低,同时E7、CCR9在外周血CD4⁺T细胞上的表达及肠道淋巴组织免疫活化分子CD69的表达升高。结论 中国恒河猴感染SIV后,效应性T淋巴细胞的肠淋巴归巢增强,初始T淋巴细胞肠淋巴归巢受到抑制,肠粘膜免疫系统出现过度活化现象。     

SIVmac251不同途径感染恒河猴急性期实验研究

目的建立SIV黏膜感染的恒河猴模型,并与静脉感染相比较,研究不同途径感染后病程进展是否存在差异。方法用SIVmac251经静脉、阴道、直肠3种途径分别感染恒河猴,定期采血,进行全血病毒分离,测定血浆病毒载量、CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值及抗体检测。结果感染后7d至目前56d为止,外周血单核淋巴细胞中前病毒DNA检测、全血病毒分离全部呈现阳性,只有直肠感染猴S172在7d和42d时出现较高病毒滴度;血浆病毒载量检测阳性出现先后顺序为静脉感染、直肠感染、阴道感染,14d达到高峰,然后迅速下降,变化趋势基本保持一致。血浆抗体检测从第14天开始3种途径感染的恒河猴体内抗体均为阳性;感染后CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值下降,在第28天时出现比例倒置。结论经不同途径均成功感染恒河猴后在病毒分离和血浆病毒载量等方面表现出了一定的差异。     

猴免疫缺陷病毒感染猕猴淋巴结和脾脏的病理学观察

目的 观察SIVmac251病毒感染猕猴后其脾脏和淋巴结组织的病理学变化,探索猴艾滋病毒感染及猴艾滋病的发病机理.方法 采用SIVmac251病毒感染猕猴,取感染过程中死亡猴以及实验结束存活猴的脾脏和淋巴结进行光镜与电镜观察.结果 光镜观察,见三种淋巴结的病理变化,包括增生型,退化型和耗竭型;电镜观察,淋巴细胞胞质、胞核及静脉内皮细胞胞质内见病毒颗粒和晶格状排列的病毒;脾脏和淋巴结超微损伤以线粒体为主,表现为线粒体增生,肿胀和形态改变(长形巨大线粒体).结论 SIV感染猕猴淋巴结病理改变与人HIV淋巴结病理改变相近,是适于研究艾滋病免疫机理的理想动物模型.首次发现晶格状排列的SIV病毒.     

CD32在艾滋病潜伏感染恒河猴模型的表达特征

目的 通过建立SIVmac239潜伏感染恒河猴模型,研究CD32在静息型、活化型和/或记忆性CD4+T细胞亚群的表达特征,并分析其作为艾滋病潜伏库标志物的可能.方法 SIVmac239慢性感染的恒河猴给予联合抗逆转录病毒疗法,建立SIVmac239潜伏感染恒河猴模型.利用该模型,检测各阶段样本中血浆病毒载量、CD4+T...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.